6、 拷貝備份回到原地點(diǎn)(restore)，開始恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(recover)
restore過程:
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\SYSTEM01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\INDX01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\RBS01.DBF.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
Recover過程:
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00314.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
7、 打開數(shù)據(jù)庫，檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)（完全恢復(fù)）
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
說明：
1、只要有備份與歸檔存在，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的完全恢復(fù)（不丟失數(shù)據(jù)）;
2、適合于丟失大量數(shù)據(jù)文件，或包含系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)文件在內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù);
3、恢復(fù)過程在mount下進(jìn)行，如果恢復(fù)成功，再打開數(shù)據(jù)庫，down機(jī)時(shí)間可能比較長一些。
4.3.2RMAN備份方案
RMAN備份歸檔模式下?lián)p壞（丟失）多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件，進(jìn)行整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)
1、連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，創(chuàng)建測(cè)試表并插入記錄
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
2、備份數(shù)據(jù)庫
DOS下C:>\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;
以下是backup.log內(nèi)容。
Recovery Manager: Release8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> # script.:bakup.rcv
2> # creater:chenjiping
3> # date:5.8.2003
4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman
5>
6> #connect database
7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
8> connect target internal/virpure;
9>
10> #start backup database
11> run{
12> allocate channel c1 type disk;
13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\backup\full%u_%s_%p' database
14> include current controlfile;
15> sql 'alter system archive log current';
16> release channel c1;
17> }
18> #end
19>
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup
RMAN-03023: executing command: backup
RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created
RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE
RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
Recovery Manager complete.
到這里表示備份成功。
3、 繼續(xù)在測(cè)試表中插入記錄
SQL> insert into test values(2);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
4、 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫，模擬丟失數(shù)據(jù)文件
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
5、啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫，檢查錯(cuò)誤
SQL> STARTUP
Oracle instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes
Fixed Size 70924 bytes
Variable Size 85487616 bytes
Database Buffers 16384000 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'
查詢v$recover_file
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
可以知道有四個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件需要恢復(fù).
6、利用RMAN進(jìn)行恢復(fù)
C:\>rman
Recovery Manager: Release8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> connect target internal/virpure
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> restore database;
4> recover database;
5> sql 'alter database open';
6> release channel c1;
7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore
RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE
RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1
RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL
RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)
RMAN-08054: starting media recovery
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00329.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00330.ARC
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328
RMAN-08055: media recovery complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
RMAN>
7、 檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)（完全恢復(fù)）
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
說明：
1、只要有備份與歸檔存在，RMAN也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的完全恢復(fù)（不丟失數(shù)據(jù)）;
2、同OS備份數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)，適合于丟失大量數(shù)據(jù)文件，或包含系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)文件在內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù);
3、目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫在mount下進(jìn)行，如果恢復(fù)成功，再打開數(shù)據(jù)庫;
4、RMAN的備份與恢復(fù)命令相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單并可靠，建議有條件的話，都采用RMAN進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份。
4.4不完全恢復(fù)案例
4.4.1OS備份下的基于時(shí)間的恢復(fù)
不完全恢復(fù)可以分為基于時(shí)間的恢復(fù)，基于改變的恢復(fù)與基于撤消的恢復(fù)，這里已基于時(shí)間的恢復(fù)為例子來說明不完全恢復(fù)過程。
基于時(shí)間的恢復(fù)可以不完全恢復(fù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)間之前的某一個(gè)時(shí)間，對(duì)于某些誤操作，如刪除了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表，可以在備用恢復(fù)環(huán)境上恢復(fù)到表的刪除時(shí)間之前，然后把該表導(dǎo)出到正式環(huán)境，避免一個(gè)人為的錯(cuò)誤。
1、 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，創(chuàng)建測(cè)試表并插入記錄:
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
2、 備份數(shù)據(jù)庫，這里最好備份所有的數(shù)據(jù)文件，包括臨時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)文件:
SQL> @hotbak.sql或在DOS下svrmgrl @hotbak.sql
或冷備份也可以
3、 刪除測(cè)試表，假定刪除前的時(shí)間為T1，在刪除之前，便于測(cè)試，繼續(xù)插入數(shù)據(jù)并應(yīng)用到歸
檔。
SQL> insert into test values(2);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
Statement processed.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
Statement processed.
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2003-05-21 14:43:01
SQL> drop table test;
Table dropped.
4、 準(zhǔn)備恢復(fù)到時(shí)間點(diǎn)T1，找回刪除的表，先關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down.
5、
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