作者:郁郁小蝎 來源:中國站長學(xué)院 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2005-4-2 13:12:05 發(fā)布人:admin
增大字體
ORACLE的數(shù)據(jù)字典是數(shù)據(jù)庫的重要組成部分之一,它隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫的產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生, 隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫的變化而變化,
體現(xiàn)為sys用戶下的一些表和視圖。數(shù)據(jù)字典名稱是大寫的英文字符。
數(shù)據(jù)字典里存有用戶信息、用戶的權(quán)限信息、所有數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象信息、表的約束條件、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析數(shù)據(jù)庫的視圖等。
我們不能手工修改數(shù)據(jù)字典里的信息。
很多時(shí)候,一般的ORACLE用戶不知道如何有效地利用它。
dictionary 全部數(shù)據(jù)字典表的名稱和解釋,它有一個(gè)同義詞dict
dict_column 全部數(shù)據(jù)字典表里字段名稱和解釋
如果我們想查詢跟索引有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)字典時(shí),可以用下面這條SQL語句:
SQL>select * from dictionary where instr(comments,‘index‘)>0;
如果我們想知道user_indexes表各字段名稱的詳細(xì)含義,可以用下面這條SQL語句:
SQL>select column_name,comments from dict_columns where table_name=‘USER_INDEXES‘;
依此類推,就可以輕松知道數(shù)據(jù)字典的詳細(xì)名稱和解釋,不用查看ORACLE的其它文檔資料了。
下面按類別列出一些ORACLE用戶常用數(shù)據(jù)字典的查詢使用方法。
一、用戶
查看當(dāng)前用戶的缺省表空間
SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
查看當(dāng)前用戶的角色
SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
查看當(dāng)前用戶的系統(tǒng)權(quán)限和表級(jí)權(quán)限
SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;
SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
二、表
查看用戶下所有的表
SQL>select * from user_tables;
查看名稱包含log字符的表
SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects
where instr(object_name,‘LOG‘)>0;
查看某表的創(chuàng)建時(shí)間
SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper(‘&table_name‘);
查看某表的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper(‘&table_name‘);
查看放在ORACLE的內(nèi)存區(qū)里的表
SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,‘Y‘)>0;
三、索引
查看索引個(gè)數(shù)和類別
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper(‘&index_name‘);
查看索引的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper(‘&index_name‘);
四、序列號(hào)
查看序列號(hào),last_number是當(dāng)前值
SQL>select * from user_sequences;
五、視圖
查看視圖的名稱
SQL>select view_name from user_views;
查看創(chuàng)建視圖的select語句
SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;
SQL>set long 2000; 說明:可以根據(jù)視圖的text_length值設(shè)定set long 的大小
SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper(‘&view_name‘);
六、同義詞
查看同義詞的名稱
SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
七、約束條件
查看某表的約束條件
SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
from user_constraints where table_name = upper(‘&table_name‘);
SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper(‘&table_owner‘) and c.table_name = upper(‘&table_name‘)
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
八、存儲(chǔ)函數(shù)和過程
查看函數(shù)和過程的狀態(tài)
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type=‘FUNCTION‘;
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type=‘PROCEDURE‘;
查看函數(shù)和過程的源代碼
SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper(‘&plsql_name‘);
九、觸發(fā)器
查看觸發(fā)器
set long 50000;
set heading off;
set pagesize 2000;
select
‘create or replace trigger "‘ ||
trigger_name || ‘"‘ || chr(10)||
decode( substr( trigger_type, 1, 1 ),
‘A‘, ‘AFTER‘, ‘B‘, ‘BEFORE‘, ‘I‘, ‘INSTEAD OF‘ ) ||
chr(10) ||
triggering_event || chr(10) ||
‘ON "‘ || table_owner || ‘"."‘ ||
table_name || ‘"‘ || chr(10) ||
decode( instr( trigger_type, ‘EACH ROW‘ ), 0, null,
‘FOR EACH ROW‘ ) || chr(10) ,
trigger_body
from user_triggers;