動詞不定式和動名詞均可在及物動詞后面作賓語,但在使用過程中應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
一? 依照慣用法, agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand和arrange等及物動詞后面常接動詞不定式作賓語?例如:
What did they decide to do? 他們決定干什么?
She failed to come to school yesterday. 她昨天沒來上學(xué)?
I hope to be back soon. 我希望早點(diǎn)回家?
二? 依照慣用法, finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay, escape, excuse, allow, suggest等及物動詞后面常接動名詞作賓語?例如:
We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month. 我們可以在下個月底之前建好這座橋?
Would you mind opening the window? 請您開一下窗戶,好嗎?
三? 依照慣用法, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue, cease等及物動詞后面跟動詞不定式與跟動名詞作賓語,意義上沒有多大的差別?例如:
After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework. 老師離開教室后,學(xué)生們開始做作業(yè)?
They continued to read/reading English. 他們繼續(xù)讀英語?
但在下列情況下,宜用動詞不定式作賓語,而不用動名詞?
1. like, love, prefer, hate等與would或should連用時?例如:
I’d prefer to stay home to watch TV. 我寧可呆在家里看電視?
2. begin, start, continue等本身用的是進(jìn)行體時?例如:
She was starting to do her homework. 她開始做作業(yè)?
3. begin, start, cease, continue的主語是物而不是人時?例如:
It began/started to rain. 天開始下雨?
The ice ceased to melt(融化) in winter. 冬季冰不再融化?
4. begin等及物動詞后接know, understand, realize等表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞?例如:
They began to realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 他們開始意識到學(xué)好一門外語的重要性?
四? 下列動詞后面既可接動詞不定式作賓語,也可接動名詞作賓語,但兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義有區(qū)別:
1. remember, forget, regret等后接動詞不定式作賓語時,說明動詞不定式表示的動作發(fā)生在后, remember等動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在前;這些動詞后接動名詞作賓語時,說明動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在前, remember等動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在后?試比較:
She told me to go and lock the door. She didn’t remember locking the door after supper. 她叫我去鎖門,她不記得晚飯后鎖過門了?
Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom. 你離開教室時,別忘記把所有的燈關(guān)掉?
2. try, mean, can’t help, go on等動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞時,意義有明顯的差別:
1) try后面的動詞不定式是作目的狀語, try to do sth意為“盡力做某事”; try后面的動名詞是作賓語, try doing sth意為“嘗試做某事”?例如:
He tried not to be late for the meeting. 他爭取開會不遲到?
The soup is a little salty. Try adding some water to it. 湯咸了點(diǎn),加點(diǎn)水試試看?
2) mean后面的動詞不定式和動名詞都是作賓語? mean to do sth意為“打算(意圖)做某事”; mean doing sth意為“意味著做某事”?例如:
They didn’t mean to go and help you. 他們不打算去幫助你們?
His words meant going to help you without delay. 他的話意味著他將毫不遲疑地前去幫助你們?
3) help后面的動詞不定式和動名詞都是作賓語? can’t help to do sth意為“不能幫忙做某事”; can’t help doing sth意為“禁不住去做某事,情不自禁地做某事”?例如:
I’m sorry I can’t help to clean the room. 對不起,我不能幫助打掃房間?
They couldn’t help laughing when they heard the joke. 聽到這個笑話,他們不禁大笑起來?
4) go on后面的動詞不定式是作目的狀語? go on to do sth意為“接下去做另一件事”; go on后面的動名詞是作賓語? go on doing sth意為“繼續(xù)做同一件事”?例如:
They went on to do some exercises after reading the text. 讀完課文后,他們接著做練習(xí)?
We went on doing our homework after he left. 他走后我們繼續(xù)做作業(yè)?
五? need, want, require等動詞后面跟動名詞的主動形式和跟動詞不定式的被動式,都表示被動意義?試比較:
Your house needs repairing/to be repaired. 你的房子需要維修?
The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately. 這個問題需要立即予以解決?
六? stop之后的動名詞為賓語, stop之后的動詞不定式為目的狀語?試比較:
We stopped working. 我們停止工作?
We stopped to have a rest. 我們停下來休息一下?
When it began to rain, we stopped working to have a rest. 天開始下雨,我們停止工作,休息一下?
