1.定義遠(yuǎn)程接口中的參數(shù)和返回值類型。必須保證其可以被序列化。這點往往被很多人忽視。 RMI規(guī)范其中很重要一點就是要求遠(yuǎn)程接口中的參數(shù)(返回值)應(yīng)實現(xiàn)序列化。因為需要將客戶端的對象(參數(shù))轉(zhuǎn)化成byte stream,傳輸?shù)椒?wù)端后還原成服務(wù)端的對象進行調(diào)用?;蛘呤切枰獙⒎?wù)端的對象(返回值)轉(zhuǎn)化成byte stream,傳輸?shù)娇蛻舳诉€原成客戶端的對象進行調(diào)用。當(dāng)然,基本數(shù)據(jù)類型以及String,數(shù)組等都已經(jīng)是可序列化的。在演習(xí)的例子中,參數(shù)等都比較簡單,沒有涉及到這個步驟。(順便查閱了不少關(guān)于序列化的文章,相關(guān)內(nèi)容將另成一篇。)
2.定義一個遠(yuǎn)程接口,該接口繼承java.rmi.Remote,同時定義了所有將被遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的方法。這些方法必須拋出 RemoteException 異常。
WeatherForecastRemote.java:
package com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast;
import java.rmi.*;
public interface WeatherForecastRemote extends Remote {
String WFToday() throws RemoteException;
String WFTomorrow() throws RemoteException;
}
3.定義一個繼承于java.rmi.UnicastRemoteObject且實現(xiàn)上述接口的類。將要被遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的對象就是這個類的對象。要注意的是,必須要有最少一個顯式的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。構(gòu)造函數(shù)必須拋出RemoteException異常。
WeatherForecast.java:
package com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
public class WeatherForecast extends UnicastRemoteObject implements
WeatherForecastRemote {
static String[] description={"Sunny","Cloudy","Rainy","Windy"};
public WeatherForecast() throws RemoteException {}
public String WFToday() throws RemoteException {
return description[(int)(Math.random()*4)];
}
public String WFTomorrow() throws RemoteException {
return description[(int)(Math.random()*4)];
}
}
4.編寫服務(wù)端代碼,創(chuàng)建和安裝一個安全性管道,并注冊遠(yuǎn)程對象。發(fā)現(xiàn)可以忽略安裝安全性管道。如果安裝的話,必須創(chuàng)建一個安全策略文件,否則會出現(xiàn)AccessControlException??蛻舳艘惨粯印?/font>
WeatherForecastServer.java
package com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast;
import java.rmi.*;
import java.rmi.registry.*;
//import java.rmi.server.*;
//import java.net.*;
public class WeatherForecastServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
System.out.println("Set Security Manager.");
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
}
try {
WeatherForecast wf=new WeatherForecast();
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8898); // 注冊端口
Naming.bind("rmi://127.0.0.1:8898/wf",wf);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print("Error---- "+e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
安全策略文件policy.txt:
grant {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
//Allow everything for now
};
(步驟3和4可以合并成一個類。)
5.編寫客戶端代碼,創(chuàng)建和安裝一個安全性管道,查找遠(yuǎn)程對象,并調(diào)用遠(yuǎn)程方法
WeatherForecastClient.java:
package com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast;
import java.rmi.*;
public class WeatherForecastClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
System.out.println("Set Security Manager.");
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
}
try {
WeatherForecastRemote ff;
//System.out.println("Lookup the Remote object.");
ff=(WeatherForecastRemote)Naming.lookup("rmi://127.0.0.1:8898/wf");
//注意是WeatherForecastRemote,而不是WeatherForecast,否則拋出ClassCastException.
System.out.print("Today‘s weahter: ");
System.out .println(ff.WFToday());
System.out.print("Tomorrow‘s weather: ");
System.out .println(ff.WFTomorrow());
} catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("Error:"+e.toString());
}
}
}
6.生成stub和skeltion ,并將stub打包到客戶端jar中,將skeltion打包到服務(wù)端jar中。
在演習(xí)的例子的時候,發(fā)現(xiàn)用直接mic命令(不帶參數(shù))只生成_Stub.class,將該_Stub.class同時打包到客戶端和服務(wù)端即可。
rmic com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast.WeatherForecast
(如果需要生成_Slel.calss,則需用rmic -vcompat 命令)
7.用命令 rmiregistry 命令來啟動RMI注冊服務(wù)。
在命令行輸入命令 :
start rmiregistry 8898
如果在服務(wù)端代碼中包含了啟動RMI注冊服務(wù)的代碼(LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8808);),則可以省略該步驟。
8.運行服務(wù)端及客戶端代碼。
服務(wù)端文件:(目錄:d:\server\com\xiaohu_studio\weatherforecast)
policy.txt
WeatherForecastRemote.class
WeatherForecast.class
WeatherForecastServer.class
WeatherForecast_Stub.class
服務(wù)端運行命令:(目錄:d:\client\com\xiaohu_studio\weatherforecast)
java -Djava.security.policy=com\xiaohu_studio\weatherforecast\policy.txt com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast.WeatherForecastServer
客戶端文件:
policy.txt
WeatherForecastRemote.class
WeatherForecast_Stub.class
客戶端運行命令:
java -Djava.security.policy=com\xiaohu_studio\weatherforecast\policy.txt com.xiaohu_studio.weatherforecast.WeatherForecastClient