不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式有規(guī)律記
動(dòng)詞 過去式
be (am\ is) was
are were
come came
go went
do (does) did
fly flew
draw drew
make made
sing sang
have (has) had
eat ate
drink drank
put put
let let
read read
can could
see saw
meet met
get got
forget forgot
take took
can could
may might
shall should
will would
know knew
begin began
bend bent
build built
spend spent
mean meant
learn learnt, learned
buy bought
think thought
teach taught
catch caught
sleep slept
sweep swept
keep kept
speak spoke
ride rode
feel felt
leave left
give gave
run ran
ring rang
sit sat
swim swam
say said
stand stood
tell told
throw threw
win won
write wrote
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成
1.把動(dòng)詞原形中的 i 改為 a,變成過去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,
sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重讀開音節(jié)中的 i 改為 o,變成過去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改動(dòng)詞原形中的 aw /ow 為 ew,變成過去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動(dòng)詞 show 除外,
show—showed)
4.動(dòng)詞原形中的 e 改為 o,變成過去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.動(dòng)詞原形中的 ee 改為 e,變成過去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.動(dòng)詞原形中的 eep 改為 ept,變成過去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.動(dòng)詞原形中的 eak 改為 oke,變成過去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.動(dòng)詞原形中的 ell 改為 old,變成過去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.動(dòng)詞原形中的 an 改為 oo,變成過去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以 ought 和 aught 結(jié)尾,且讀音是[C:t]的過去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,
teach—taught
11.以 ould 結(jié)尾且讀音為[ud]的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把動(dòng)詞原形中的 o 改為 a,變成過去式。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d 或 t 變成過去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如:
hear[hi[]—heard[h[:d], say[sei]—said[sed],
mean[mi:n]—meant[ment]
14.動(dòng)詞的過去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read[red]
15.不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,
fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,
have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,
may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞巧記方法
動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞是初中英語教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn),而有些動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化是這些重點(diǎn)中的難點(diǎn),但這些不規(guī)則變化也不是毫無規(guī)律可循的?,F(xiàn)將初中英語中一些常用的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化介紹如下。
一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞,結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。如:
cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,
shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread
特殊:動(dòng)詞 read 的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致,read-read-read,但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
二、有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的。如:
come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run,
overcome-overcame-overcome
三、有些動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞相同。如:
1. 把單詞結(jié)尾的字母 d 改為 t。如:
lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent
2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。如:
sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held
3. 以 eep 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把 eep 改為 ept。如:
keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept
4. 過去式和過去分詞都以 augh 或 ough 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞。如:
buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought,
bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught
5. 有的以 ay 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在過去式和過去分詞中把 ay 變成 aid。如:
say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的變化。如:
have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost,
make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt
四、有些動(dòng)詞原形中含有字母 i,在過去式中變 i 為 a,在過去分詞中變 i 為 u。如:
五、以字母 ow 或 aw 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在變成過去式時(shí),通常把元音字母變成 e,在變成過去分詞時(shí),通常只在詞尾加 n。如:
blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown,
throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known
六、有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加 n 或 en,變成以 en 結(jié)尾的單詞。如:
rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen,
drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten
特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden,
get-got-gotten