《今日心理學(xué)》雜志(Psychology Today)是一本專門致力于每個(gè)人正視自己，研究自己心理的雜志，這里聚集了眾多著名的心理學(xué)家、學(xué)者、精神病學(xué)家和作家等專業(yè)領(lǐng)域人士，對(duì)我們正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行分析和尋找解決辦法。
【英文原文作者】：Jeremy Nicholson M.S.W., Ph.D.
【文章大意】
這篇文章首先介紹了親密關(guān)系中信任的重要性，然后分析了影響信任感的主要因素，主要有兩方面的原因，最后作者提出建立發(fā)展信任感的四個(gè)步驟，本文的作者是心理學(xué)Ph.D，這是一篇發(fā)表在專業(yè)雜志上的文章，其提出的建議也非常具有實(shí)用性。
【選篇理由】
第一，這篇文章由專業(yè)人士撰寫，邏輯清晰，用詞準(zhǔn)確，非常具有可借鑒性。
第二，親密關(guān)系這個(gè)話題是我們步入成年后必須學(xué)習(xí)的一課，也是許多成年人自愈童年受到的不理解甚至創(chuàng)傷的關(guān)鍵一步。
希望，后來(lái)，我們都學(xué)會(huì)了如何去愛。
【文章正文】
It can be difficult to trust a romantic partner. At times, it is a challenge to get over dating anxiety and fear of rejection to even connect with someone. After all, dating and relationships can sometimes be a punishing experience. Beyond that, in longer-term relationships, dealing with commitment issues and navigating through disagreements can be problematic as well.
第一段講了人們對(duì)親密關(guān)系的各種擔(dān)憂。
Despite the difficulties in establishing trust, however, it is an essential aspect of happy and satisfying relationships—especially long-term and committed ones. Trust helps to ensure there is a positive feeling of rapport and connection between partners. Trust also impacts the level of fairness and equity in a relationship.
第二段說(shuō)明信任對(duì)于健康和長(zhǎng)期的親密關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。
【單詞講解】
rapport
N-SING If two people or groups have a rapport, they have a good relationship in which they are able to understand each other's ideas or feelings very well. 融洽
·The success depends on good rapport between interviewer and interviewee.成功取決于采訪者和被采訪者之間的融洽。
Given that, trust is an important aspect to consider in a romantic relationship. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to figure out whether you can trust your date, partner, or spouse. It can also be unclear how to build trust with them. Fortunately, research has answers.
第三段承上啟下，建立信任不容易，但是相關(guān)研究指明了方向。
【單詞講解】
Given
含義：[ prep ] when you consider sth 考慮到；鑒于
·Given his age, (= considering how old he is) he's remarkably active. 考慮到他的年齡，他已是相當(dāng)活躍的了。
·Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. 考慮到她喜歡孩子，教書看來(lái)是很適合她的工作。
常見用法：given that [conj]
·It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much. 令人驚奇的是政府把稅收提高這么多仍再次當(dāng)選了
Research on Trust in Relationships
In my searching, I found a recent article by Campbell and Stanton (2019) summarizing the research and theory on trust in romantic relationships. In that article, the authors break down the explanations for how and why someone may trust a romantic partner into two main components. The first component, known as attachment theory, helps to explain why an individual may trust (or not trust) romantic partners in general. The second component, which they label Dyadic Trust, explores reasons why an individual may trust a specific relationship partner — particularly with regard to how that romantic partner treats them. Therefore, how a person trusts in general, combined with the level of trustworthiness of a specific partner's behaviors, interact to establish the overall level of trust in a romantic relationship.
這四段引出了Campbell and Stanton的一篇文章中的關(guān)于“how and why someone may trust a romantic”（為何以及如何信任別人）的兩種理論：依戀理論和二分理論。并得出結(jié)論：一個(gè)人的信任方式（依戀模式）和另一個(gè)特定對(duì)象通過(guò)行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的可信程度，兩者相互作用，建立了一段親密關(guān)系中的信任水平。
【單詞講解】
1. label
V-T If you say that someone or something is labelled as a particular thing, you mean that people generally describe them that way and you think that this is unfair. 把…稱為
· It won't be labelled in any way as a military expedition.
它無(wú)論如何也稱不上是一次軍事遠(yuǎn)征。
· It does not matter whether these duties are labelled 'duties' or 'tasks'.
這些義務(wù)被稱作“義務(wù)”還是“任務(wù)”都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
2. dyadic /da???d?k/ adj.
of or relating to a dyad 并向量的，二價(jià)的；雙值的；二數(shù)的
派生詞：dyad
1.( technical 術(shù)語(yǔ) ) something that consists of two parts 二分體；二聯(lián)體
·the mother-child dyad 母子二分體
2.( mathematics 數(shù) )an operator that is the unspecified product of two vectors. It can operate on a vector to produce either a scalar or vector product 并向量；并矢；并向矢量
【難句講解】
The authors break down the explanations for how and why someone may trust a romantic partner into two main components.
本句主干：the authors break down the explanations into two main components.（作者把解釋分成了兩個(gè)部分。）
explanations后的for ... 是后置定語(yǔ)，解釋explanation的具體內(nèi)容。
how and why someone may trust a romantic partner是名詞性從句，即起到一個(gè)名詞的作用。
【背景擴(kuò)展】
依戀模式
Describing the basics of Attachment Theory, Campbell and Stanton explain the idea that experiences in significant relationships throughout life help to shape a person's expectations about future relationships. As a result, if past relationships have been good, then the individual will likely be able to build trust in the future (called secure attachment).（安全型依戀）If past relationships with parents or significant others have gone poorly, however, then an individual may have negative expectations for future relationships. This can lead to difficulty trusting romantic partners, and they may experience:
Attachment Avoidance.（依戀回避）They do not feel comfortable relying on their partner or having their partner rely on them.
Attachment Anxiety. （依戀焦慮）where They worry about being abandoned by their partner or rejected by them.
第五段說(shuō)明了過(guò)去的戀愛經(jīng)歷會(huì)影響一個(gè)人對(duì)別人的信任程度，如果過(guò)去的戀愛經(jīng)歷非常糟糕，那么這個(gè)人之后就很難再相信別人了，并引出兩種這類人群可能經(jīng)歷的心態(tài)：依戀回避和依戀焦慮。
These personal expectations, brought about by past experiences, are then added to how the current romantic partner is actually treating the individual. Here Campbell and Stanton explain that trust is developed over time as a couple interacts. When a partner chooses to be helpful and maintain the relationship, trust develops. Nevertheless, when they make selfish choices, which are detrimental to the relationship, then trust is weakened.
第六段簡(jiǎn)要介紹了信任建立的方式：同伴做出有幫助的維系關(guān)系的行為。
Simpson (2007) offers the following four points regarding the development of trust in romantic relationships:
第七段開始介紹建立信任的四個(gè)要點(diǎn)。
Individuals evaluate their ability to trust a partner by observing how that partner behaves toward them and the relationship. Trust is increased, over time, by situations when a partner sacrifices against their own self-interest and supports the relationship instead.
Situations where a partner must choose between what is best for them alone and what is best for the relationship (called Trust-Diagnostic Situations) often occur naturally as a relationship progresses. Nevertheless, from time to time, individuals may choose to create such situations as well, in order to purposefully test their romantic partner (especially when they are unsure about trusting that partner).
【單詞講解】
nevertheless [ADV] You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said. 然而 SYN：nonetheless
·Although the market has been flat, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values. 盡管市場(chǎng)一直疲軟，房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)偏高。然而需求的減少還是對(duì)二手房?jī)r(jià)格產(chǎn)生了影響。
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