比較級和最高級及其使用
形容詞的比較級和最高級:單音節(jié)加 er/est 多音節(jié)加 more/ most
說 明 | 例 詞 | ||
一般情況 | 加er, est | smaller,smallest | |
以e 結(jié)尾 | 加r,st | larger,largest | |
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞，加詞尾er ,est | 以"輔音字母+y "結(jié)尾的詞 | 改y為i，再加er,est early | busier,busiest lazier laziest |
重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母 | 雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,est | fatter,fattest redder, hotter | |
以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 | 加er ,est | narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest | |
多數(shù)雙音節(jié)(副詞)和多音節(jié)的詞 | 加more most | more beautiful, most important |
1. friendly—more friendly; common—more common; helpful—more helpful，more careful, more nervous, more relaxed, more normal，modern- more modern
2.雙音節(jié)形容詞y結(jié)尾 用er: healthier, busier, angrier, heavier, thirstier, noisier… , 而雙音節(jié)副詞用more, more slowly, more quickly,
3. unhappy—more unhappy, lucky-luckier-unlucky—more unlucky
副詞的比較級和最高級
1．大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。
2．少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞，加er,est 構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級 。
幾個特殊的形容詞和副詞
原級 | 比較級 | 最高級 |
good ,well | better | best |
bad, ill, badly | worse | worst |
many ,much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther, further | farthest, further(提高進一步) |
old | older, elder | oldest, eldest |
比較級和最高級的常用句型
名稱 | 句型 | 例句 |
相等 | as 原形 as (as 原形+名詞 as ) | The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend. |
不及 | not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名詞+原形 as ) | She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister. |
比較級+ than | Health is more important than wealth. | |
超越 | the +比較級+of the two 兩者中較… 的一個 | He is the taller of the two. |
Who / Which + be +比較級 , A or B ? | Which is more interesting, maths and Chinese | |
程度遞增 | er and er，more and more+多音節(jié)詞原級 (越來越…) | higher and higher， more and more important |
兩種情況同時變化 | the +比較級，the+比較級 ?。ㄔ健健?/strong> | The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave. |
三者或三者以上比較 | 1)the +最高級+of/in+比較范圍 ?。ā凶睢?> Who / Which + be +最高級, A, B, or C ? 2> + be + one of the +最高級 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示"最……的……之一 3> "…+ be +the + 序數(shù)詞 +最高級 +單數(shù)名詞 + 范圍", 表示"……是…….的第幾……"。 4> + be + the 最高級 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 過去分詞. ( 定語從句 ) | 1.Of all things in the world, people are the precious. 2. ChangJiang is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3.ChangJiang is the second longest river in China. 4.This is the most excited film that I have seen. |
比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語
1．用于原級之前：
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, rather, very, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
John is almost as tall as you.
The river is three times as long as that one.
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
***2．用于比較級前
a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, far,
, It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
位置與功能
形容詞指用來修飾名詞或某些代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)的詞，在句中作定語, 表語, 賓語補足語等。形容詞可分為描述性的和表述性的A:
1. 在名詞前做定語，為最常見用法。請注意多個形容詞（含其它起形容詞作用的詞）做前置定語的順序。"縣官行令殺國才。"這一句就概述了形容詞順序問題。即：
限（冠詞[物主代詞、指示代詞]數(shù)詞等）觀 （描繪） 形（大小、形狀等） 齡 （年齡、新舊等）色（色彩）國（國籍、出處等）材（材料、功用等）
an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
做后置定語。修飾由不定代詞no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞或形容詞短語。
Something important, nothing special…
2．表語。一定要注意系動詞的后面只跟形容詞出現(xiàn)情況。這是一個熱點問題。
常見系動詞有：be 變化系詞： become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系詞： keep ,remain, stay感觀系詞： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
N：①某些以a 開始的形容詞只做表語，不做定語。
be afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive He feels lonely, he lives along.
②某些表狀況的形容詞只能做表語,不做定語
well(身體健康),ill ,afraid, 而sick, frighten, living, waking, sleepy+ person,只作定語
S: 某些以-ly 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。
friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, weekly, monthly…等。
復(fù)合形容詞的形式問題。
an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
副詞是用來說明動詞的，或用來修飾形容詞或副詞的，修飾動詞的副詞一般放在動詞之后。副詞用來說明時間、地點或方式等，副詞在句中一般可用作狀語、表語或賓語補足語等。位置
1）時間副詞和地點副詞一般放于句尾。如同時出現(xiàn)，則地點副詞在前。
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
2)表頻率的時間副詞是熱點
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行為動詞之前，be詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之 后。 He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前 very, hardly, far, much, quite, rather, too, so, pretty（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
N: 形容詞和副詞同行： fast, early, late, hard, high …
有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，一個以ly 結(jié)尾，但它們的含義是不同的。
closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
練習(xí)、形容詞和副詞
：
1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day.
A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many
5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did.
A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as
6. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year.
A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than
7. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
8. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ .
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
9. ---Can I help you?---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
10.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago.
A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer
11. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people.
A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
12. Oh, John. ___ you gave me!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
13. ---How did you find your visit to museum?
---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
14. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
15. Those oranges taste___ .
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
16. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
17. ___ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice
C. How nice D. What nice
18. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ .
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
19. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
20. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
21. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
22. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as
23. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.
---Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
24. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
25. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
26. ---Have you finished your report yet?
---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less
27. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
28. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____.
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
29. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___.
A. the better voice B. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
30. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other
C. two other little D. little other two
31. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people?
A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such
32. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
33.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ___smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
