科研論文被他人引用次數(shù)是衡量科研工作者學(xué)術(shù)水平的指標(biāo)之一。Survival Skills for Scientists一書第93頁寫道:"Paying attention to how your work may be cited and by whom is not just a measure of scientific value and may therefore be decisive in getting your research funded, or in securing a bonus or even a promotion, Thus, having many citations to your work to show has become a matter of survival in today's scientific world."
決定他引次數(shù)最主要的因素是領(lǐng)域熱門程度(開展后續(xù)工作的同行人數(shù))、文章的質(zhì)量(包括科學(xué)質(zhì)量和對后續(xù)工作的“拋磚引玉”性)和發(fā)表文章的雜志檔次(檔次高的雜志看的人多,而且更有credibility)。那么,在以上三者都已經(jīng)成為定局的情況下,怎么盡可能地增加被他引次數(shù)呢?以下我小結(jié)一些合理的方法。
1) 與人方便就是與己方便。發(fā)明了一種方法(protocal)、發(fā)明了一種材料并發(fā)表文章后,往往同行會寫信來詢問技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)或者索取樣品。有的科研者害怕被別人搶了飯碗而不原意提供方法細(xì)節(jié)和樣品。而熱心提供技術(shù)幫助和樣品的人,往往會得到尊重,增加可信度(credibility)。一個方法是:好比說你獨(dú)創(chuàng)發(fā)明了一種樣品,需要依賴你實(shí)驗(yàn)室獨(dú)有的儀器才能合成出來。在你已經(jīng)發(fā)表文章的前提下,如果你能夠批量合成這種樣品并且熱心地免費(fèi)提供給世界同行做后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn),那么別人發(fā)后續(xù)文章時一定會引用你當(dāng)初合成出該樣品的原始文獻(xiàn)。與人方便就是與幾方便,但是這樣的樂善好施的人并不常見。
[注:一位讀者提醒道:“日本和韓國人在開會的時候就喜歡把一些文章的單印本分給別人。有的甚至喜歡把自己的文章寄給別的研究組,看似有點(diǎn)不要臉,不過確實(shí)對增加引用率有效!”我的補(bǔ)充說明是:“中國人科研經(jīng)費(fèi)緊張,很多時候收到索取單行本的信件,卻沒有錢或者不愿意給別人,這樣恰恰損失了潛在的交流和引用機(jī)會!”]
2) 利用各種機(jī)會介紹自己的工作,增加visibility。比如說,積極參加各類學(xué)術(shù)會議,去各所大學(xué)、研究所開講座,多與同行交流。一個方法是:在個人和職業(yè)網(wǎng)頁上都加上文章列表,給出下載鏈接(如http://zhenmafudan.ycool.com/post.3059142.html),甚至專門寫博文用通俗易懂的語言介紹自己的工作(如http://zhenmafudan.ycool.com/post.2603741.html)。Making the Right Moves: A Practical Guide to Scientific Management for Postdocs and New Faculty一書第183頁說到: “Your patience and persistence have paid off, and your article has been accepted by a good journal. Now you can use your newly minted publication as a tool in legitimate effort at self-promotion. You want to be known to your scientific colleagues nationwide. Here are something you can do: Announce the publication on your personal Web site and in e-mail correspondence with your friends. Consider making it available in PDF format…”
3) 合理引用同行的工作。就是說,如果同行的文章該引的你不引,同行看到了會很生氣,也不會引你的文章。而如果該引的引用了,同行會很高興,不但引用你的文章,還會推薦你做審稿人。那些同行也經(jīng)常搜索自己文章被引用的情況。Survival Skills for Scientists一書第93頁寫道: "To put it somewhat brutally, one can say that citations are to be thought of as an exchange currency. If you cite other people's work, they will be happy. This a good way to make friends in your community. It should not have escaped your notice that if you cite someone in your work they will be more likely to read it more carefully and more likely to cite you in their own work. On the other hand, if you forget to acknowledge your predecessors and their achievements, either intentionally or accidentally, this is one of the best and fastest ways to make enemies in your field of research."
啟發(fā)就是科學(xué)工作者除了做好科研外,也要學(xué)會如何推銷自己。很高興看到我的引用次數(shù)逐年上升,2008年被引用133次,其中有篇發(fā)表在Surface Science Reports上的綜述去年平均每個月被引用三次