WGL – Windows的 OpenGL擴(kuò)展層
The WGL extension consists of a set of functions (wglCreateContext, wglDeleteContext etc.) and structures (such as PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR, GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT) etc. Thus every OpenGL implementation has a platform-specific portion which has to be set up and used according to the particular platform.
設(shè)備上下文
The Windows Graphical Device Interface (GDI) is capable of drawing to screen, to memory, to printers or to any other device that provides a GDI interface layer and that can process GDI calls. GDI accomplishes this by a rendering handle to the currently selected device, which is called the device context, or DC.
繪制上下文
A rendering context is the OpenGL equivalent of the GDI DC. All OpenGL calls are rendered to the device through a RC. The rendering context maintains OpenGL state variables such as current background color, current color etc. just as the DC maintains GDI state variables such as current pen, current brush etc.
像素格式
Pixel formats are the translation layer between OpenGL calls and the rendering operation that Windows performs.
舉個(gè)例子,若像素格式只支持很少一部分顏色值,則OpenGL在用RGB值(128,120,135)繪制一個(gè)像素時(shí),就可能使用轉(zhuǎn)換后的值(128,128,128)來繪制.
The pixel format selected essentially describes such things as how colors are displayed, depth of field resolution and what additional capabilities are supported by the rendering context created.
第一個(gè)基于MFC的OpenGL應(yīng)用程 開發(fā)環(huán)境:VC6.0 1, 首先下載需要的GLUT頭文件,DLL和Lib文件,下載鏈接: glutdlls37beta.zip (149 kilobytes),解壓縮后把gltu.h放到"VC98/Include/GL"下,把glut.lib和glut32.lib放到"VC9/Lib" 下,glut32.dll和glut.dll放到你創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用程序的運(yùn)行目錄下 2, 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MFC SDI應(yīng)用程序,在項(xiàng)目屬性中加入所需要鏈接的庫(kù)文件
1, 在stdafx.h中加入下列語句:
//OpenGLHeaders
#include<gl/gl.h>
#include<gl/glu.h>
#include<gl/glut.h>
#include<gl/glaux.h>
3,在窗口創(chuàng)建之前我們必須設(shè)置窗口風(fēng)格包含WS_CLIPCHILDREN和 WS_CLIPSIBLINGS,從而避免OpenGL繪制到其他窗口中去。這些應(yīng)該放在PreCreateWindow()中。
BOOLCCY457OpenGLView::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT&cs)
{
//TODO:ModifytheWindowclassorstylesherebymodifying
// theCREATESTRUCTcs
//AnOpenGLWindowmustbecreatedwiththefollowingflags
cs.style|=WS_CLIPSIBLINGS|WS_CLIPCHILDREN;
returnCView::PreCreateWindow(cs);
}
4,在CCY457OpenGLView.h中加入如下語句:
HGLRCm_hRC; //RenderingContext
CDC*m_pDC; //DeviceContext
BOOLInitializeOpenGL(); //InitializeOpenGL
BOOLSetupPixelFormat(); //SetupthePixelFormat
voidRenderScene(); //RendertheScene
5,在OnCreate中我們將通過建立像素格式和繪制上下文來初始化OpenGL. 在InitializeOpenGL()中會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)設(shè)備上下文(DC),為這個(gè)DC選擇一個(gè)像素格式,創(chuàng)建和這個(gè)DC相關(guān)的繪制上下文(RC),然后選擇這個(gè)RC.這個(gè)函數(shù)會(huì)調(diào)用SetupPixelFormat()來建立像素格式。intCCY457OpenGLView::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCTlpCreateStruct)
{
if(CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct)==-1)
return-1;
//InitializeOpenGLHere
InitializeOpenGL();
return0;
}
BOOLCCY457OpenGLView::InitializeOpenGL()
{
//GetaDCfortheClientArea
m_pDC=newCClientDC(this);
//FailuretoGetDC
if(m_pDC==NULL)
{
MessageBox("ErrorObtainingDC");
returnFALSE;
}
//Failuretosetthepixelformat
if(!SetupPixelFormat())
{
returnFALSE;
}
//CreateRenderingContext
m_hRC=::wglCreateContext(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc());
//FailuretoCreateRenderingContext
if(m_hRC==0)
{
MessageBox("ErrorCreatingRC");
returnFALSE;
}
//MaketheRCCurrent
if(::wglMakeCurrent(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc(),m_hRC)==FALSE)
{
MessageBox("ErrormakingRCCurrent");
returnFALSE;
}
//SpecifyBlackastheclearcolor
::glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
//Specifythebackofthebufferascleardepth
::glClearDepth(1.0f);
//EnableDepthTesting
::glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
returnTRUE;
}
//SetupPixelFormat
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BOOLCCY457OpenGLView::SetupPixelFormat()
{
staticPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTORpfd=
{
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //sizeofthispfd
1, //versionnumber
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW| //supportwindow
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL| //supportOpenGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //doublebuffered
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //RGBAtype
24, //24-bitcolordepth
0,0,0,0,0,0, //colorbitsignored
0, //noalphabuffer
0, //shiftbitignored
0, //noaccumulationbuffer
0,0,0,0, //accumbitsignored
16, //16-bitz-buffer
0, //nostencilbuffer
0, //noauxiliarybuffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //mainlayer
0, //reserved
0,0,0 //layermasksignored
};
intm_nPixelFormat=::ChoosePixelFormat(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc(),&pfd);
if(m_nPixelFormat==0)
{
returnFALSE;
}
if(::SetPixelFormat(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc(),m_nPixelFormat,&pfd)==FALSE)
{
returnFALSE;
}
returnTRUE;
}
6,在OnSize()中一般用來設(shè)置視口和視錐,因?yàn)檫@些是和窗口大小相關(guān)的?;静僮靼ㄔO(shè)置視口,選擇投影矩陣,設(shè)置模型視圖矩陣。 7,在繪制場(chǎng)景時(shí),一般包括如下步驟:1)清空緩存。2)繪制場(chǎng)景。3)Flush掉渲染流水線。4)若設(shè)置了雙緩沖,則交換前后臺(tái)緩沖區(qū)。 8,試試改變窗口的大小,你會(huì)看到很嚴(yán)重的閃爍,并且關(guān)閉程序后會(huì)報(bào)告內(nèi)存泄露,因此我們這就來解決這兩個(gè)問題吧。 發(fā)生閃爍的原因是Windows先繪制背景,然后再是OpenGL繪制,因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)讓OpenGL負(fù)責(zé)清空背景色,因此我們不需要Windows去清空背景了 內(nèi)存泄露的原因是我們?cè)赟etupPixelFormat()中使用了new運(yùn)算符來為CClientDC對(duì)象分配內(nèi)存,因此需要顯示delete掉。voidCCY457OpenGLView::OnSize(UINTnType,intcx,intcy)
{
CView::OnSize(nType,cx,cy);
GLdoubleaspect_ratio;//width/heightratio
if(0>=cx||0>=cy)
{
return;
}
//selectthefullclientarea
::glViewport(0,0,cx,cy);
//computetheaspectratio
//thiswillkeepalldimensionscalesequal
aspect_ratio=(GLdouble)cx/(GLdouble)cy;
//selecttheprojectionmatrixandclearit
::glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
::glLoadIdentity();
//selecttheviewingvolume
::gluPerspective(45.0f,aspect_ratio,.01f,200.0f);
//switchbacktothemodelviewmatrixandclearit
::glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
::glLoadIdentity();
}voidCCY457OpenGLView::OnDraw(CDC*pDC)
{
CCY457OpenGLDoc*pDoc=GetDocument();
ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
//Clearoutthecolor&depthbuffers
::glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
RenderScene();
//TellOpenGLtoflushitspipeline
::glFinish();
//NowSwapthebuffers
::SwapBuffers(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc());
}
voidCCY457OpenGLView::RenderScene()
{//第一個(gè)玩具嘛,先空著,后面慢慢填
}BOOLCCY457OpenGLView::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC*pDC)
{
//TellWindowsnottoerasethebackground
returnTRUE;
}voidCCY457OpenGLView::OnDestroy()
{
CView::OnDestroy();
//MaketheRCnon-current
if(::wglMakeCurrent(0,0)==FALSE)
{
MessageBox("CouldnotmakeRCnon-current");
}
//Deletetherenderingcontext
if(::wglDeleteContext(m_hRC)==FALSE)
{
MessageBox("CouldnotdeleteRC");
}
//DeletetheDC
if(m_pDC)
{
deletem_pDC;
}
//SetittoNULL
m_pDC=NULL;
}
來源:博客園 作者:Phinecos(洞庭散人)
聯(lián)系客服