遍歷文件夾和文件
import os
import os.path
# os,os.path里包含大多數(shù)文件訪問(wèn)的函數(shù),所以要先引入它們.
# 請(qǐng)按照你的實(shí)際情況修改這個(gè)路徑
rootdir = " d:/download "
for parent, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(rootdir):
# case 1:
for dirname in dirnames:
print ( " parent is: " + parent)
print ( " dirname is: " + dirname)
# case 2
for filename in filenames:
print ( " parent is: " + parent)
print ( " filename with full path : " + os.path.join(parent, filename))
''' 知識(shí)點(diǎn):
* os.walk返回一個(gè)三元組.其中dirnames是所有文件夾名字(不包含路徑),filenames是所有文件的名字(不包含路徑).parent表示父目錄.
* case1 演示了如何遍歷所有目錄.
* case2 演示了如何遍歷所有文件.
* os.path.join(dirname,filename) : 將形如"/a/b/c"和"d.java"變成/a/b/c/d.java".
'''
2 分割路徑和文件名
import os.path
# 常用函數(shù)有三種:分隔路徑,找出文件名.找出盤(pán)符(windows系統(tǒng)),找出文件的擴(kuò)展名.
# 根據(jù)你機(jī)器的實(shí)際情況修改下面參數(shù).
spath = " D:/download/repository.7z "
# case 1:
p,f = os.path.split(spath);
print ( " dir is: " + p)
print ( " file is: " + f)
# case 2:
drv,left = os.path.splitdrive(spath);
print ( " driver is: " + drv)
print ( " left is: " + left)
# case 3:
f,ext = os.path.splitext(spath);
print ( " f is: " + f)
print ( " ext is: " + ext)
'''
知識(shí)點(diǎn): 這三個(gè)函數(shù)都返回二元組.
* case1 分隔目錄和文件名
* case2 分隔盤(pán)符和文件名
* case3 分隔文件和擴(kuò)展名
'''
總結(jié):5個(gè)函數(shù) - os.walk(spath)
- os.path.split(spath)
- os.path.splitdrive(spath)
- os.path.splitext(spath)
- os.path.join(path1,path2)
3 復(fù)制文件
import shutil
import os
import os.path
src = " d:\\download\\test\\myfile1.txt "
dst = " d:\\download\\test\\myfile2.txt "
dst2 = " d:/download/test/測(cè)試文件夾.txt "
dir1 = os.path.dirname(src)
print ( " dir1 %s " % dir1)
if (os.path.exists(src) == False):
os.makedirs(dir1)
f1 = open(src, " w " )
f1.write( " line a\n " )
f1.write( " line b\n " )
f1.close()
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
shutil.copyfile(src, dst2)
f2 = open(dst, " r " )
for line in f2:
print (line)
f2.close()
# 測(cè)試復(fù)制文件夾樹(shù)
try :
srcDir = " d:/download/test "
dstDir = " d:/download/test2 "
# 如果dstDir已經(jīng)存在,那么shutil.copytree方法會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)!
# 這也意味著你不能直接用d:作為目標(biāo)路徑.
shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)
except Exception as err:
print (err)
'''
知識(shí)點(diǎn):
* shutil.copyfile:如何復(fù)制文件
* os.path.exists:如何判斷文件夾是否存在
* shutil.copytree:如何復(fù)制目錄樹(shù)
'''
總結(jié):4個(gè)函數(shù) - os.path.dirname(path)
- os.path.exists(path)
- shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
- shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)
4 實(shí)戰(zhàn):文件備份小程序
import os
import shutil
import datetime
'''
作用：將目錄備份到其他路徑。
實(shí)際效果：
假設(shè)給定目錄"/media/data/programmer/project/python" ，
備份路徑"/home/diegoyun/backup/“ ，
則會(huì)將python目錄備份到備份路徑下，形如：
/home/diegoyun/backup/yyyymmddHHMMSS/python/xxx/yyy/zzz..
用法:更改這兩個(gè)參數(shù).
backdir:備份目的地.
copydirs:想要備份的文件夾.
'''
def mainLogic():
# add dirs you want to copy
backdir = " d:\\test "
print (backdir)
copydirs = []
copydirs.append( " d:\\temp " );
# copydirs.append("d:\\test");
print ( " Copying files =================== " )
start = datetime.datetime.now()
# gen a data folder for backup
backdir = os.path.join(backdir,start.strftime( " %Y-%m-%d " ))
# print("backdir is:"+backdir)
kc = 0
for d in copydirs:
kc = kc + copyFiles(d,backdir)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print ( " Finished! =================== " )
print ( " Total files : " + str(kc) )
print ( " Elapsed time : " + str((end - start).seconds) + " seconds " )
def copyFiles(copydir,backdir):
prefix = getPathPrefix(copydir)
# print("prefix is:"+prefix )
i = 0
for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(copydir):
for name in filenames:
oldpath = os.path.join(dirpath,name)
newpath = omitPrefix(dirpath,prefix)
print ( " backdir is: " + backdir )
newpath = os.path.join(backdir,newpath)
print ( " newpath is: " + newpath)
if os.path.exists(newpath) != True:
os.makedirs(newpath)
newpath = os.path.join(newpath,name)
print ( " From: " + oldpath + " to: " + newpath)
shutil.copyfile(oldpath,newpath)
i = i + 1
return i
def getPathPrefix(fullpath):
# Giving /media/data/programmer/project/ , get the prefix
# /media/data/programmer/
l = fullpath.split(os.path.sep)
# print(str(l[-1]=="")
if l[ - 1 ] == "" :
tmp = l[ - 2 ]
else :
tmp = l[ - 1 ]
return fullpath[0:len(fullpath) - len(tmp) - 1 ]
def omitPrefix(fullpath,prefix):
# Giving /media/data/programmer/project/python/tutotial/file/test.py ,
# and prefix is Giving /media/data/programmer/project/,
# return path as python/tutotial/file/test.py
return fullpath[len(prefix) + 1 :]
mainLogic()
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