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傳統(tǒng)桌面程序不能完全被web和移動(dòng)端替代，但是需要改造。這里要說的是巧用webapi把以前用dll和com組件,ocx等方式做接口，做分布式開發(fā)的方式，改成restful 風(fēng)格api的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)跨平臺(tái)，多客戶端(類型).并分享幾則案例.
1、智能儲(chǔ)物柜
項(xiàng)目背景：某智慧城市項(xiàng)目需要用到有智能鎖的儲(chǔ)物柜，用app掃碼控制存取，并和智慧城市后臺(tái)交互。智能鎖系統(tǒng)是工業(yè)的塔式控制器，使用modbus ascii協(xié)議控制，端口使用串口。儲(chǔ)物柜配備了工控電腦32寸豎屏，工控電腦控制塔式控制器（單片機(jī)）,工控機(jī)上需要開發(fā)一套桌面程序，對(duì)外暴露儲(chǔ)物柜的功能性（存取物品),對(duì)用戶來說作為人機(jī)交互界面。話寫的有點(diǎn)難懂還是上圖吧：
規(guī)格有幾種，這是不是實(shí)物忘記了?？傊矝]去過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
柜機(jī)人機(jī)界面
說明：
工作區(qū)是底部的1024*1080像素的區(qū)域，關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)是把二維碼的內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)成了JSON，app掃描后獲取到設(shè)備和意圖，智慧城市后臺(tái)對(duì)云主機(jī)上的中間件發(fā)起控制請(qǐng)求，中間件轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給柜機(jī)程序，柜機(jī)程序和塔式控制器通信，塔式控制器控制鎖動(dòng)作。
中間件程序界面
說明：中間使用winform+owin宿主webapi，對(duì)外暴露api，對(duì)柜機(jī)程序提供套接字連接。中間件是socket server端，柜機(jī)程序作為client。
還是暈了吧，沒看懂么。簡(jiǎn)單來說柜機(jī)程序是個(gè)上位機(jī)程序，設(shè)備需要把控制鎖的需求封裝成api給外部調(diào)用。這里的解決方案是使用中間件，中間件對(duì)外暴露api外部發(fā)起控制請(qǐng)求，中間件對(duì)內(nèi)（設(shè)備端程序）執(zhí)行控制指令。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)"網(wǎng)頁和移動(dòng)客戶端控制工控設(shè)備"這個(gè)核心需求，這也是擠破了腦袋吧.呵呵呵，總算不枉費(fèi)你進(jìn)來圍觀了一回...
不留下點(diǎn)代碼，算什么分享呢！哼！
好的，上代碼：
這就是傳說中的asp.net mvc webapi啊
winform宿主：
IPEndPoint ipeSender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); EndPoint epSender = (EndPoint)ipeSender; serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); // 首次探測(cè)時(shí)間5 秒, 間隔偵測(cè)時(shí)間2 秒 byte[] inValue = new byte[] { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0x88, 0x13, 0, 0, 0xd0, 0x07, 0, 0 }; serverSocket.IOControl(IOControlCode.KeepAliveValues, inValue, null); IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(SocketBindingIP), int.Parse(config.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_PORT"].Value)); try { serverSocket.Bind(ipEndPoint); serverSocket.Listen(1024); backgroundWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); LogMessage(DateTime.Now + "->Socket啟動(dòng)成功，監(jiān)聽IP：" + ipEndPoint.Address.ToString() + ":" + config.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_PORT"].Value); } catch (Exception ex) { Com.DataCool.DotNetExpand.LogHelper.Error("服務(wù)啟動(dòng)失敗,原因:" + ex.Message); } btnServiceControl.Tag = 1; btnServiceControl.Text = "停止監(jiān)聽"; btnServiceControl.BackColor = Color.Green; pbxServiceStatus.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.online_status; lbWebApiBaseAddress.Text = SocketBindingIP; hostObject = WebApp.Start<RegisterRoutesStartup>("http://" + SocketBindingIP + ":5990"); public class RegisterRoutesStartup { public void Configuration(IAppBuilder appBuilder) { HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration(); //自定義路由 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "CustomApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); //只響應(yīng)Json請(qǐng)求 var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(); config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter)); appBuilder.UseWebApi(config); } }就是最后一句了。owin怎么宿主webapi去看看張善友等的文章吧。
public ApiActionResult BufferBox_API_Request(string StationNo, string CellNo, string Action) { var result = new ApiActionResult() { Success = false, Result = null, Message = "操作失敗。" }; byte[] results = new byte[1024]; Socket clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); try { clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(conf.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_IP"].Value), Convert.ToInt32(conf.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_PORT"].Value))); using (var db = new BufferBoxDBEntities()) { var stationEntity = db.station_signin_session.Where(st => st.SessionDict == StationNo).FirstOrDefault(); if (stationEntity == null) { result.Message = "設(shè)備不存在或者設(shè)備編號(hào)有誤！"; result.Result = ""; return result; } var requestEntity = new API_Request_session { API_Request_IP = Request.GetClientIpAddress(), RequestID = Guid.NewGuid(), RequestData = CellNo + "|" + Action, RequestDataTime = DateTime.Now, ResultData = "", ExecuteFlag = false, StationNo = StationNo }; db.API_Request_session.AddObject(requestEntity); db.SaveChanges(); clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("api_request:" + JsonConvert.SerializeObject(requestEntity))); result.Success = true; result.Message = "設(shè)備已經(jīng)受理請(qǐng)求。"; result.Result = requestEntity.RequestID.ToString(); } } catch (Exception ex) { result.Message = "中間件發(fā)生異常：" + ex.Message; } return result; }這可是項(xiàng)目分析的關(guān)鍵之處啊。中間件是如何轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)api請(qǐng)求并通知柜機(jī)客戶端執(zhí)行指令的呢。就是webapi里使用socket作為client去連接中間件的socket server的。
問題就是出在這里！webapi不能阻塞socket 直到柜機(jī)客戶端響應(yīng)之后回復(fù)了再返回給外部。
2、php頁面js開POS觸摸屏電腦外接的錢箱
這是昨天晚上接的一個(gè)小活。新年第一單，正是有了前面項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，給提供了這個(gè)解決方案。
項(xiàng)目背景： php做的bs項(xiàng)目打包成桌面項(xiàng)目用內(nèi)嵌瀏覽器訪問php頁面來代替POS觸摸屏桌面程序。打印使用插件聽說解決了，但是打開錢箱遇到麻煩了。由于發(fā)包方不知道網(wǎng)頁如何控制本地設(shè)備，也不想用activex方式，所以提供了這個(gè)解決方案：
POS觸摸屏上運(yùn)行一windows服務(wù)程序?qū)ν馓峁゛pi(控制錢箱)和php服務(wù)器端的中間件通信，中間件對(duì)外部暴露api。
這個(gè)項(xiàng)目圖片不高大上，所以只有代碼了：
using System;using System.Net;using System.Web.Http;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.Configuration;using System.Text;namespace MiddlewareServer{ /// <summary> /// POS觸摸屏收銀機(jī)錢箱控制API控制器 /// </summary> public class MoneyBoxApiController : ApiController { public static readonly Configuration conf = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); [HttpGet] /// <summary> /// 打開POS錢箱,IP取發(fā)起請(qǐng)求的客戶端的IP，中間件以此IP為依據(jù)通知該P(yáng)OS機(jī)執(zhí)行開錢箱動(dòng)作 /// 局域網(wǎng)環(huán)境IP最好是靜態(tài)IP，不要使用DHIP，動(dòng)態(tài)獲取 /// </summary> /// <returns>{Success,Result=請(qǐng)求發(fā)起機(jī)器的IP地址,Message}</returns> public ApiActionResult OpenMoneyBox() { var result = new ApiActionResult() { Success = false, Result = null, Message = "操作失敗。" }; byte[] results = new byte[1024]; Socket clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); try { clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(conf.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_IP"].Value), Convert.ToInt32(conf.AppSettings.Settings["Middleware_PORT"].Value))); string ip = Request.GetClientIpAddress(); clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("api_request:" + ip)); result.Result = ip; result.Success = true; result.Message = "請(qǐng)求成功。"; } catch (Exception ex) { result.Message = "中間件發(fā)生異常：" + ex.Message; } return result; } }}
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Diagnostics;using System.ServiceProcess;using System.Text;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.Configuration;using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;using System.IO;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.Net;namespace MoneyBoxSvr{ public partial class MoneyBoxService : ServiceBase { [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(string lpFileName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwShareMode, int lpSecurityAttributes, int dwCreationDisposition, int dwFlagsAndAttributes, int hTemplateFile); private Configuration config; /// <summary> /// 打印機(jī)端口名稱 /// </summary> public string PrintPortName { get { return config.AppSettings.Settings["PortName"].Value; } } /// <summary> /// 中間件的IP地址 /// </summary> public string RemoteServerIP { get { return config.AppSettings.Settings["MiddlewareIP"].Value; } } /// <summary> /// 中間件監(jiān)聽的端口 /// </summary> public int MiddlewarePort { get { return Convert.ToInt32(config.AppSettings.Settings["MiddlewarePort"].Value); } } protected Socket clientSocket = null; /// <summary> /// 緩沖區(qū) /// </summary> protected byte[] buffers = new byte[1024]; protected System.Threading.Thread socketThread; public MoneyBoxService() { InitializeComponent(); config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); } protected override void OnStart(string[] args) { StartSocketThread(); } protected override void OnStop() { base.OnStop(); } protected override void OnShutdown() { base.OnShutdown(); socketThread.Abort(); socketThread = null; } private void StartSocketThread() { socketThread = new System.Threading.Thread(ThreadWork); socketThread.Start(); } /// <summary> /// 異步接收到遠(yuǎn)程請(qǐng)求 /// </summary> /// <param name="ar"></param> private void OnReceive(IAsyncResult ar) { try { IPEndPoint ipeSender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); EndPoint epSender = (EndPoint)ipeSender; //結(jié)束掛起的,從特定終結(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行異步讀取 if (clientSocket != null) { int len = clientSocket.EndReceiveFrom(ar, ref epSender); string requestCommand = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffers); if (requestCommand.StartsWith("api_request")) { OpenMoneyBox(); } } } catch { } finally { try { IPEndPoint ipeSender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); EndPoint epSender = (EndPoint)ipeSender; buffers = new byte[1024]; clientSocket.BeginReceiveFrom(buffers, 0, buffers.Length, SocketFlags.None, ref epSender, new AsyncCallback(OnReceive), epSender); } catch { } } } private void ThreadWork() { while (true) { if (clientSocket == null) { #region 建立socket連接 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(RemoteServerIP); clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); try { // 首次探測(cè)時(shí)間5 秒, 間隔偵測(cè)時(shí)間2 秒 byte[] inValue = new byte[] { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0x88, 0x13, 0, 0, 0xd0, 0x07, 0, 0 }; clientSocket.IOControl(IOControlCode.KeepAliveValues, inValue, null); clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(RemoteServerIP), MiddlewarePort)); //配置服務(wù)器IP與端口 #region 簽到 string request = "pos_sign_in:"; clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(request)); IPEndPoint ipeSender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); EndPoint epSender = (EndPoint)ipeSender; buffers = new byte[1024]; clientSocket.BeginReceiveFrom(buffers, 0, buffers.Length, SocketFlags.None, ref epSender, new AsyncCallback(OnReceive), epSender); #endregion } catch { if (clientSocket != null) { clientSocket.Close(); clientSocket = null; } } #endregion } if (clientSocket != null ) { #region 發(fā)0字節(jié)的包探測(cè)連接是否可用 bool blockingState = clientSocket.Blocking; try { byte[] tmp = new byte[1]; clientSocket.Blocking = false; clientSocket.Send(tmp, 0, 0); } catch { if (clientSocket != null) { clientSocket.Close(); clientSocket = null; } } finally { if (clientSocket != null) { clientSocket.Blocking = blockingState; } } #endregion } System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000); } } /// <summary> /// 開錢箱 /// </summary> public void OpenMoneyBox() { IntPtr iHandle = CreateFile(PrintPortName, 0x40000000, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0); if (iHandle.ToInt32() != -1) { SafeFileHandle handle = new SafeFileHandle(iHandle, true); FileStream fs = new FileStream(handle, FileAccess.ReadWrite); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, System.Text.Encoding.Default); sw.Write(((char)27).ToString() + "p" + ((char)0).ToString() + ((char)60).ToString() + ((char)255).ToString()); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } } }}好久沒寫博客了。就這樣吧，目的就是分享和總結(jié)。還有不說你也知道的，這文章怎么看怎么“軟”。希望大家體諒一下，技術(shù)把代碼變成錢本身就是困難的事情。適度廣告一下吧，項(xiàng)目和私活就是這樣找上門的。
突破短板，傳統(tǒng)桌面程序 使用webapi 擴(kuò)展迎合web和移動(dòng)端融合的需求
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