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Spring+Log4j+ActiveMQ實現(xiàn)遠程記錄日志

應用場景

隨著項目的逐漸擴大,日志的增加也變得更快。Log4j是常用的日志記錄工具,在有些時候,我們可能需要將Log4j的日志發(fā)送到專門用于記錄日志的遠程服務(wù)器,特別是對于稍微大一點的應用。這么做的優(yōu)點有:

  • 可以集中管理日志:可以把多臺服務(wù)器上的日志都發(fā)送到一臺日志服務(wù)器上,方便管理、查看和分析
  • 可以減輕服務(wù)器的開銷:日志不在服務(wù)器上了,因此服務(wù)器有更多可用的磁盤空間
  • 可以提高服務(wù)器的性能:通過異步方式,記錄日志時服務(wù)器只負責發(fā)送消息,不關(guān)心日志記錄的時間和位置,服務(wù)器甚至不關(guān)心日志到底有沒有記錄成功

遠程打印日志的原理:項目A需要打印日志,而A調(diào)用Log4j來打印日志,Log4j的JMSAppender又給配置的地址(ActiveMQ地址)發(fā)送一條JMS消息,此時綁定在Queue上的項目B的監(jiān)聽器發(fā)現(xiàn)有消息到來,于是立即喚醒監(jiān)聽器的方法開始輸出日志。

本文將使用兩個Java項目Product和Logging,其中Product項目就是模擬線上的項目,而Logging項目模擬運行在專用的日志服務(wù)器上的項目。說明:本文的例子是在Windows平臺下。

安裝ActiveMQ

1. 下載:http://activemq.apache.org/download.html

2. 解壓后不需要任何配置,進入到bin下對應的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)文件夾

3. 雙擊activemq.bat啟動,如果看到類似下面的頁面,就代表activemq啟動好了:

然后打開瀏覽器,輸入地址:http://localhost:8161進入管理頁面,用戶名admin,密碼admin:

可以點擊Manage ActiveMQ broker進入Queue的查看界面。

實戰(zhàn)

我用Maven來管理項目,方便維護各種依賴的jar包。先看下項目結(jié)構(gòu):

項目不復雜,主要是4個文件:pom.xml,Main.java,log4j.properties和jndi.properties

pom.xml中主要是聲明項目的依賴包,其余沒有什么東西了:

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<!-- Use to call write log methods -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j uses this lib -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring jms lib -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ActiveMQ lib -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency>

Main.java:

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package com.demo.product;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class Main implements MessageListener {
    public Main() throws Exception {
        // create consumer and listen queue
        ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory =
                new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
        Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
        Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        connection.start();
        //////////////注意這里JMSAppender只支持TopicDestination,下面會說到////////////////
        Destination topicDestination = session.createTopic("logTopic");
        MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topicDestination);
        consumer.setMessageListener(this);
        // log a message
        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);
        logger.info("Info Log.");
        logger.warn("Warn Log");
        logger.error("Error Log.");
        // clean up
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        consumer.close();
        session.close();
        connection.close();
        System.exit(1);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new Main();
    }
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            // receive log event in your consumer
            LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
            System.out.println("Received log [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

說明:然后是log4j.properties:

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log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, jms
## Be sure that ActiveMQ messages are not logged to 'jms' appender
log4j.logger.org.apache.activemq=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %-5p %c - %m%n
## Configure 'jms' appender. You'll also need jndi.properties file in order to make it work
log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender
log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616
log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic
log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory

其實按理說只需要這么三個文件就可以了,但是這時候執(zhí)行會報錯:

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javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: logTopic
    at org.apache.activemq.jndi.ReadOnlyContext.lookup(ReadOnlyContext.java:235)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.lookup(JMSAppender.java:245)
    at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.activateOptions(JMSAppender.java:222)
    at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java:307)
        ...
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.<clinit>(ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.java:39)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:84)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:137)
    at com.demo.product.Main.<init>(Main.java:20)
    at com.demo.product.Main.main(Main.java:43)

為什么會報錯呢?來看看JMSAppender的javadoc文檔,它是這么描述的:

大意是說,JMSAppender需要一個jndi配置來初始化一個JNDI上下文(Context)。因為有了這個上下文才能管理JMS Topic和topic的連接。于是為項目配置一個叫jndi.properties的文件,其內(nèi)容為:

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topic.logTopic=logTopic

然后再運行就不會報錯了。我們先來看看ActiveMQ(注意切換到Topic標簽頁下):

可以看到,主題為logTopic的消息,有3條進Queue,這3條也出Queue了。而出Queue的消息,已經(jīng)被我們的監(jiān)聽器收到并打印出來了:

Spring整合

需要注意的是,本例只是一個很簡單的例子,目的是闡明遠程打印日志的原理。實際項目中,一般日志服務(wù)器上運行著的,不是項目,而是專用的日志記錄器。下面,我們就把這個項目拆分成兩個項目,并用Spring來管理這些用到的Bean

修改Product項目

修改后的Product的項目結(jié)構(gòu)并沒有改變,改變的只是Main類:

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package com.demo.product;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class Main{
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // just log a message
        logger.info("Info Log.");
        logger.warn("Warn Log");
        logger.error("Error Log.");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

這個Main類和普通的logger調(diào)用一樣,僅僅負責打印日志。有沒有覺得太簡單了呢?

Logging項目

來看看項目結(jié)構(gòu)圖:

為了讓監(jiān)聽器一直活著,我把Logging寫成了一個Web項目,跑在Tomcat上。index.jsp就是個Hello World字符串而已,用來驗證Logging活著。注意,在Logging項目中,已沒有Product項目中的log4j.properties和jndi.properties兩個文件

來看看另外幾個文件:

pom.xml(每個包的目的都寫在注釋里了):

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<!-- Use to cast object to LogEvent when received a log -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Use to receive jms message -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Use to load spring.xml -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ActiveMQ lib -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency>

web.xml

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<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- Use to load spring.xml -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

spring.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">
    <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory">
        <property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="targetConnectionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="targetConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
        <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616"/>
    </bean>
<!-- As JMSAppender only support the topic way to send messages,
     thus queueDestination here is useless.
    <bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="queue" />
    </bean>
 -->
    <bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="logTopic" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
         <!-- <property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" />  -->
         <property name="destination" ref="topicDestination" />
         <property name="messageListener" ref="logMessageListener" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="logMessageListener" class="com.demo.logging.LogMessageListener"/>
</beans>

logMessageListener指向我們自己實現(xiàn)的日志消息處理邏輯類,topicDestination則關(guān)注topic為“l(fā)ogTopic”的消息,而jmsContainer把這兩個對象綁在一起,這樣就能接收并處理消息了。

最后就是偉大的監(jiān)聽器了LogMessageListener了:

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package com.demo.logging;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class LogMessageListener implements MessageListener {
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            // receive log event in your consumer
            LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
            System.out.println("Logging project: [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

哈哈,說偉大,其實太簡單了。但是可以看到,監(jiān)聽器里面就是之前Product項目中Main類里面移除的實現(xiàn)了MessageListener接口中的代碼。

測試

在執(zhí)行測試前,刪掉ActiveMQ中所有的Queue,確保測試效果。

先運行Logging項目,開始Queue的監(jiān)聽。再運行Product的Main類的main函數(shù),可以先看到Main類打印到控制臺的日志:

接下來去看看Queue中的情況:

可以看到有個叫l(wèi)ogTopic的主題的消息,進了3條,出了3條。不用想,出Queue的3條日志已經(jīng)被Logging項目的Listener接收并打印出來了,現(xiàn)在去看看Tomcat的控制臺:

還要注意Queue中的logTopic的Consumer數(shù)量為1而不是0,這與開始的截圖不同。我們都知道這個Consumer是Logging項目中的LogMessageListener對象,它一直活著,是因為Tomcat一直活著;之前的Consumer數(shù)量為0,是因為在main函數(shù)執(zhí)行完后,Queue的監(jiān)聽器(也是寫日志的對象)就退出了。

通過把Product和Logging項目分別放在不同的機器上執(zhí)行,在第三臺機器上部署ActiveMQ(當然你可以把ActiveMQ搭建在任意可以訪問的地方),再配置一下Product項目的log4j.properties文件和Logging項目的spring.xml文件就能用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境啦。

JMSAppender類的分析

JMSAppender類將LoggingEvent實例序列化成ObjectMessage,并將其發(fā)送到JMS Server的一個指定Topic中,因此,使用此種將日志發(fā)送到遠程的方式只支持Topic方式發(fā)送,不支持Queue方式發(fā)送。我們再log4j.properties中配置了這一句:

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log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender

這一句指定了使用的Appender,打開這個Appender,在里面可以看到很多setter,比如:

這些setter不是巧合,而正是對應了我們在log4j.properties中設(shè)置的其他幾個選項:

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log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616
log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic
log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory

來看看JMSAppender的activeOptions方法,這個方法是用于使我們在log4j.properties中的配置生效的:

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/**
 * Options are activated and become effective only after calling this method.
 */
public void activateOptions() {
    TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory;
    try {
        Context jndi;
        LogLog.debug("Getting initial context.");
        if (initialContextFactoryName != null) {
            Properties env = new Properties();
            env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, initialContextFactoryName);
            if (providerURL != null) {
                env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, providerURL);
            } else {
                LogLog.warn("You have set InitialContextFactoryName option but not the "
                        + "ProviderURL. This is likely to cause problems.");
            }
            if (urlPkgPrefixes != null) {
                env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, urlPkgPrefixes);
            }
            if (securityPrincipalName != null) {
                env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, securityPrincipalName);
                if (securityCredentials != null) {
                    env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, securityCredentials);
                } else {
                    LogLog.warn("You have set SecurityPrincipalName option but not the "
                            + "SecurityCredentials. This is likely to cause problems.");
                }
            }
            jndi = new InitialContext(env);
        } else {
            jndi = new InitialContext();
        }
        LogLog.debug("Looking up [" + tcfBindingName + "]");
        topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) lookup(jndi, tcfBindingName);
        LogLog.debug("About to create TopicConnection.");
        ///////////////////////////////注意這里只會創(chuàng)建TopicConnection////////////////////////////
        if (userName != null) {
            topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(userName, password);
        } else {
            topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection();
        }
        LogLog.debug("Creating TopicSession, non-transactional, " + "in AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE mode.");
        topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
        LogLog.debug("Looking up topic name [" + topicBindingName + "].");
        Topic topic = (Topic) lookup(jndi, topicBindingName);
        LogLog.debug("Creating TopicPublisher.");
        topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic);
        LogLog.debug("Starting TopicConnection.");
        topicConnection.start();
        jndi.close();
    } catch (JMSException e) {
        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
    } catch (NamingException e) {
        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,
                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
    }
}

上面初始化了一個TopicConnection,一個TopicSession,一個TopicPublisher。咱們再來看看這個Appender的append方法:

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/**
 * This method called by {@link AppenderSkeleton#doAppend} method to do most
 * of the real appending work.
 */
public void append(LoggingEvent event) {
    if (!checkEntryConditions()) {
        return;
    }
    try {
        ObjectMessage msg = topicSession.createObjectMessage();
        if (locationInfo) {
            event.getLocationInformation();
        }
        msg.setObject(event);
        topicPublisher.publish(msg);///////////////注意這一句//////////////
    } catch (JMSException e) {
        errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",
            e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",
            e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
    }
}

這里使用TopicPublisher.publish()方法,把序列化的消息發(fā)布出去??梢娺@也證明了JMSAppender只支持以Topic方式發(fā)送消息。

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