一、 當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用that引導(dǎo),that 無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:
She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. 她說她會把留言條放在校長桌子上。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。
二、 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用if 或whether 引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:
I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow. 我不知道他后天是否會來。
但在下列情況下只能用whether:
1. 在具有選擇意義,又有or 或or not 時,尤其是直接與or not 連用時,往往用whether(if …or not 也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come ) 讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. ) 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 我想知道我們是去還是留。
2. 在介詞之后用whether 。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English. 我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。
I was worried about whether I hurt her feelings. 我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她的感情。
3. 在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man. 他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go. 我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train. 他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
4. whether 置于句首時,不能換用if。如:
Whether this is true or not , I can't say. 這是否是真的我說不上來。
5. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否能來還是個問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus. 問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
6. 若用if 會產(chǎn)生歧義時,要用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.
可理解為:
① Please let me know whether you like the book. 請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。
② If you like the book, please let me know. 你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。
三、 如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:
Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon? 你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開會嗎?
I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack? 我不知道誰給我買了禮物。是杰克嗎?