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 asp.net ajax中用到了幾個dll文件，這些可以從網(wǎng)上下載。http://ajax.asp.net站點下可以找到相關(guān)的下載。這其中包括：System.Web.Extensions.dll、System.Web.Extensions.Design.dll、AjaxControlkit.dll、AjaxExtensionsToolBox.dll、Microsoft.Web.Preview.dll。其中，System.Web.Extensions.dll與AjaxControlKit.dll這兩個組件是最重要的。在將這些組件下載到本地之后，需要將其引入到所需要的項目中。

System.Web.Extensions.dll中所包含的控件：
●ScriptManager
● ScriptManagerProxy
●Timer
●UpdatePanel
●UpdateProgress
AjaxControlToolkit.dll中所包含的控件(擴(kuò)展了現(xiàn)有的一些控件，同時提供了一些獨(dú)立的Ajax控件)：
● Accordion
● AccordionPane
●AlwaysVisibleControlExtender
●AnimationExtender
●AutoCompleteExtender
●CalendarExtender
●CascadingDropDown
●CollapsiblePanelExtender
●ConfirmButtonExtender
●DragPanelExtender
●DropDownExtender
●DropShadowExtender
●DynamicPopulateExtender
●FilteredTextBoxExtender
●HoverMenuExtender
●ListSearchExtender
●MaskedEditExtneder
●MaskedEditValidator
●ModalPopupExtender
●MutuallyExclusiveCheckBoxExtender
●NoBot
●NumericUpDownExtender
●PaginBulletedListExtender
●PasswordStrength
●PopupControlExtender
●Rating
●ReorderList
●ResizableControlExtender
●RoundedCornersExtender
●SliderExtender
●SlideShowExtender
●TabContainer
●TextBoxWatermarkExtender
●ToggleButtonExtender
●ToolkitScriptManager
●UpdatePanelAnimationExtender
●ValidatorCalloutExtender

二、web.config文件配置

在項目中引用了asp.net ajax組件后，還需要對項目的web.config文件進(jìn)行配置。web.config文件的配置，請參見：
http://hi.baidu.com/zhenghanzheng/blog/item/72d1c3c3ce385156b319a891.html。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
     注意: 除了手動編輯此文件以外，您還可以使用
     Web 管理工具來配置應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)置?？梢允褂?Visual Studio 中的
      “網(wǎng)站”->“Asp.Net 配置”選項。
     設(shè)置和注釋的完整列表在
     machine.config.comments 中，該文件通常位于
     \Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v2.x\Config 中
-->
<configuration>

<!--configSections節(jié)點,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
     <configSections>
       <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
         <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
           <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
           </sectionGroup>
         </sectionGroup>
       </sectionGroup>
     </configSections>

     <appSettings/>
     <connectionStrings/>

     <system.web>
       <!--pages節(jié)點,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <pages>
         <controls>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI.Controls" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI.Compatibility" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         </controls>
        
       </pages>
         <!--
             設(shè)置 compilation debug="true" 將調(diào)試符號插入
             已編譯的頁面中。但由于這會
             影響性能，因此只在開發(fā)過程中將此值
             設(shè)置為 true。
         -->
         <compilation debug="false" />
         <!--
             通過 <authentication> 節(jié)可以配置 ASP.NET 使用的
             安全身份驗證模式，
             以標(biāo)識傳入的用戶。
         -->
         <authentication mode="Windows" />
         <!--
             如果在執(zhí)行請求的過程中出現(xiàn)未處理的錯誤，
             則通過 <customErrors> 節(jié)可以配置相應(yīng)的處理步驟。具體說來，
             開發(fā)人員通過該節(jié)可以配置
             要顯示的 html 錯誤頁
             以代替錯誤堆棧跟蹤。

         <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm">
             <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" />
             <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" />
         </customErrors>
         -->
       <!--httpHandlers節(jié)點,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <httpHandlers>
         <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/>
         <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" validate="false"/>
         <add verb="GET,HEAD,POST" path="*.asbx" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" validate="false"/>
       </httpHandlers>

       <!--httpModules節(jié)點,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <httpModules>
         <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </httpModules>
      
     </system.web>
<!--system.webServer節(jié)點,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
     <system.webServer>
       <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/>
      
       <modules>
         <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </modules>

       <handlers>
         <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/>
         <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services. ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ASBXHandler" verb="GET,HEAD,POST" path="*.asbx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services. ScriptHandlerFactory,System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </handlers>
      
     </system.webServer>
</configuration>

三、調(diào)用服務(wù)器端方法

（1）調(diào)用沒有參數(shù)的服務(wù)器端方法

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static string ServerDate()
     {
         return DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax調(diào)用服務(wù)器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServerDate()
         {
             Loading();
             PageMethods.ServerDate(OnSuccess);
         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServerDate()" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

（2）調(diào)用需要參數(shù)的服務(wù)器方法
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static string ServerDate()
     {
         return DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
     }
    
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static String YourName( string firstName , string lastName )
     {
         return firstName + " " + lastName;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax調(diào)用服務(wù)器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer(firstName,lastName)
         {
             Loading();
             if ( arguments.length != 2 )
             {
                 PageMethods.ServerDate(OnSuccess);
             }
             else
             {
                PageMethods.YourName(firstName,lastName,OnSuccess);//調(diào)用帶有參數(shù)的服務(wù)器方法
             }
         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer()" />
     <input type="button" value="GetYourName" onclick="GetServer('henry','yu')" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>
說明：
     （a）需要調(diào)用的服務(wù)器端方法必須以System.Web.Services.WebMethod特性進(jìn)行標(biāo)記
     （b）需要調(diào)用的服務(wù)器端方法必須為公共靜態(tài)方法
     （c）需要調(diào)用的服務(wù)器端方法應(yīng)寫在.aspx頁面（或?qū)?yīng)的后臺代碼文件）中，不應(yīng)寫在用戶控件中

（3）調(diào)用WebService

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax調(diào)用WebService</title>
</head>
<body>
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
         <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
             <Services>
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="sample.asmx"/>
             </Services>
         </asp:ScriptManager>
        
         <input type="button" value="GetMachineName" onclick="GetMachineName()" />
         <script language="javascript">
             function GetMachineName(IsUTC)
             {
                 Loading();
                 Ajax_Test.sample.ServerMachineName(OnSucess);
                 //Ajax_test為WebService的名命空間
                 //sample為類名
                 //ServerMachineName為所要調(diào)用的方法的名稱
             }
            
             function Loading()
             {
                 document.getElementById("ServerMachineName").innerText="正在與服務(wù)器進(jìn)行交互...";
             }
            
             function OnSucess(ServerMachineName)
             {
                 document.getElementById("ServerMachineName").innerText=ServerMachineName;
             }
         </script>
    
     </div>
     <div id="ServerMachineName"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

（4）關(guān)于錯誤處理

在調(diào)用服務(wù)端方法或WebService時，服務(wù)器端可能會發(fā)生異常！在客戶端，這些異常分為服務(wù)器錯誤與服務(wù)器超時。

    （a）服務(wù)器錯誤

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float ServerDate(int x, int y)
     {
         return x / y;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax調(diào)用服務(wù)器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer(x,y)
         {
             Loading();

             //OnSuccess與OnError是兩個回調(diào)函數(shù)
             //OnSuccess表示當(dāng)調(diào)用成功所要執(zhí)行的回調(diào)函數(shù)
             //OnError表示當(dāng)調(diào)用不成功時所要執(zhí)行的加調(diào)函數(shù)
             PageMethods.ServerDate(x,y,OnSuccess,OnError);

         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         //調(diào)用成功時的回調(diào)函數(shù)
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
        
         //發(fā)生錯誤時的回調(diào)函數(shù)，如果所調(diào)用的服務(wù)器方法在調(diào)用時發(fā)生錯誤，會有一個error對象被返回
         //這個對象就是客戶端的Sys.Net.WebServiceError對象
         function OnError(ErrorHander)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText='服務(wù)器發(fā)生錯誤!';
             var ErrorMessage = '是否超時'+ErrorHander.get_timedOut()+'\n錯誤信息為：' + ErrorHander.get_message() + '\n異常名稱為：' + ErrorHander.get_exceptionType() + '\n錯誤位置為：' + ErrorHander.get_stackTrace();
             alert(ErrorMessage);
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer(10,0)" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

說明：當(dāng)服務(wù)器發(fā)生錯誤時，會為客戶端返回一個異常實例，該異常類型為Sys.Net.WebServiceError。該類包含以下幾個屬性：
     ●timedOut：布爾值，表示服務(wù)器是否超時
     ●message：異常信息描述
     ●exceptionType：服務(wù)器端異常的類型名稱
     ●stackTrace：異常位置

    （b）服務(wù)器超時

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float ServerDate(int x, int y)
     {
         return x / y;
     }

     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float TimeOutTest()
     {
         //方法會延遲十秒
         System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000);
         return 0;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax調(diào)用服務(wù)器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer()
         {
             Loading();
               
             //設(shè)置超時時間
            PageMethods.set_timeout(2000);
            
             //OnSuccess與OnError是兩個回調(diào)函數(shù)
             //OnSuccess表示當(dāng)調(diào)用成功所要執(zhí)行的回調(diào)函數(shù)
             //OnError表示當(dāng)調(diào)用不成功時所要執(zhí)行的加調(diào)函數(shù)
             PageMethods.TimeOutTest(OnSuccess,OnError);

         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         //調(diào)用成功時的回調(diào)函數(shù)
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
        
         //發(fā)生錯誤時的回調(diào)函數(shù)，如果所調(diào)用的服務(wù)器方法在調(diào)用時發(fā)生錯誤，會有一個error對象被返回
         //這個對象就是客戶端的Sys.Net.WebServiceError對象
         function OnError(ErrorHander)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText='服務(wù)器發(fā)生錯誤!';
             var ErrorMessage = '是否超時'+ErrorHander.get_timedOut()+'\n錯誤信息為：' + ErrorHander.get_message() + '\n異常名稱為：' + ErrorHander.get_exceptionType() + '\n錯誤位置為：' + ErrorHander.get_stackTrace();
             alert(ErrorMessage);
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer()" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

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