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2016諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，分子機(jī)器三科學(xué)家共享榮譽(yù)！

2016.10.05

北京時(shí)間今天下午5點(diǎn)45分，諾貝爾基金會(huì)宣布Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart 和Bernard L. Feringa 獲得今年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他們?cè)诜肿訖C(jī)器上的貢獻(xiàn)。

讓我們先來了解一下這三位科學(xué)家

Jean-Pierre Sauvage是法國化學(xué)家。生于巴黎，1944年并獲得博士學(xué)位,師從J.-M. Lehn。

Fraser Stoddart蘇格蘭化學(xué)家, 美國西北大學(xué)的教授。

Bernard L. Feringa ，專門從事分子納米技術(shù)和同質(zhì)催化作用。Stratingh化學(xué)研究所分子科學(xué)的雅各布斯·范特霍夫特聘教授.

分子機(jī)器相關(guān)視頻：

諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)官方報(bào)道：

They developed the world's smallest machines

A tiny lift, artificial muscles and miniscule motors. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 is awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for their design and production of molecular machines. They have developed molecules with controllable movements, which can perform a task when energy is added.

The development of computing demonstrates how the miniaturisation of technology can lead to a revolution. The 2016 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have miniaturised machines and taken chemistry to a new dimension.

The first step towards a molecular machine was taken by Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1983, when he succeeded in linking two ring-shaped molecules together to form a chain, called a catenane.

Normally, molecules are joined by strong covalent bonds in which the atoms share electrons, but in the chain they were instead linked by a freer mechanical bond. For a machine to be able to perform a task it must consist of parts that can move relative to each other. The two interlocked rings fulfilled exactly this requirement.

The second step was taken by Fraser Stoddart in 1991, when he developed arotaxane. He threaded a molecular ring onto a thin molecular axle and demonstrated that the ring was able to move along the axle. Among his developments based on rotaxanes are a molecular lift, a molecular muscle and a molecule-based computer chip.

Bernard Feringa was the first person to develop a molecular motor; in 1999 he got a molecular rotor blade to spin continually in the same direction. Using molecular motors, he has rotated a glass cylinder that is 10,000 times bigger than the motor and also designed a nanocar.

2016's Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken molecular systems out of equilibrium's stalemate and into energy-filled states in which their movements can be controlled. In terms of development, the molecular motor is at the same stage as the electric motor was in the 1830s, when scientists displayed various spinning cranks and wheels, unaware that they would lead to electric trains, washing machines, fans and food processors. Molecular machines will most likely be used in the development of things such as new materials, sensors and energy storage systems.

歷屆諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)名單

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