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Linux 網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程之ioctl函數(shù)1.介紹Linux網(wǎng)絡(luò)程序與內(nèi)核交互的方法是通過ioctl來實現(xiàn)的，ioctl與網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧進行交互，可得到網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的信息，網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備的映射屬性和配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口.并且還能夠查看，修改，刪除ARP高速緩存的信息，所以，我們有必要了解一下ioctl函數(shù)的具體實現(xiàn).2.相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)體與相關(guān)函數(shù)#include <sys/ioctl.h>int ioctl(int d,int request,....);參數(shù):d-文件描述符，這里是對網(wǎng)絡(luò)套接字操作，顯然是套接字描述符request-請求碼省略的部分對應(yīng)不同的內(nèi)存緩沖區(qū)，而具體的內(nèi)存緩沖區(qū)是由請求碼request來決定的,下面看一下具體都有哪些相關(guān)緩沖區(qū)。(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口請求結(jié)構(gòu)ifreqstruct ifreq{#define IFHWADDRLEN 6 //6個字節(jié)的硬件地址，即MACunion{char ifrn_name[IFNAMESIZ];//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口名稱}ifr_ifrn;union{struct sockaddr ifru_addr;//本地IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;//目標IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;//廣播IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;//本地子網(wǎng)掩碼地址struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;//本地MAC地址short ifru_flags;//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口標記int ifru_ivalue;//不同的請求含義不同struct ifmap ifru_map;//網(wǎng)卡地址映射int ifru_mtu;//最大傳輸單元char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];//占位符char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZE];//新名稱void __user* ifru_data;//用戶數(shù)據(jù)struct if_settings ifru_settings;//設(shè)備協(xié)議設(shè)置}ifr_ifru;}#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name;//接口名稱#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr;//MAC#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr;//本地IP#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.dstaddr;//目標IP#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.broadaddr;//廣播IP#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask;//子網(wǎng)掩碼#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags;//標志#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//接口側(cè)度#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu;//最大傳輸單元#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map;//設(shè)備地址映射#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave;//副設(shè)備#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data;//接口使用#define ifr_ifrindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口序號#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//連接帶寬#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//傳輸單元長度#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname;//新名稱#define ifr_seeting ifr_ifru.ifru_settings;//設(shè)備協(xié)議設(shè)置如果想獲得網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的相關(guān)信息，就傳入ifreq結(jié)構(gòu)體.(2)網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備屬性ifmapstruct ifmap{//網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備的映射屬性unsigned long mem_start;//開始地址unsigned long mem_end;//結(jié)束地址unsigned short base_addr;//基地址unsigned char irq;//中斷號unsigned char dma;//DMAunsigned char port;//端口}(3)網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置接口ifconfstruct ifconf{//網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置結(jié)構(gòu)體是一種緩沖區(qū)int ifc_len;//緩沖區(qū)ifr_buf的大小union{char__user *ifcu_buf;//繪沖區(qū)指針struct ifreq__user* ifcu_req;//指向ifreq指針}ifc_ifcu;};#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf;//緩沖區(qū)地址#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req;//ifc_req地址(4)ARP高速緩存操作arpreq/**ARP高速緩存操作，包含IP地址和硬件地址的映射表操作ARP高速緩存的命令字 SIOCDARP,SIOCGARP,SIOCSARP分別是刪除ARP高速緩存的一條記錄，獲得ARP高速緩存的一條記錄和修改ARP高速緩存的一條記錄struct arpreq{struct sockaddr arp_pa;//協(xié)議地址struct sockaddr arp_ha;//硬件地址int arp_flags;//標記struct sockaddr arp_netmask;//協(xié)議地址的子網(wǎng)掩碼char arp_dev[16];//查詢網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的名稱}3. 請求碼request類別Request說明數(shù)據(jù)類型套接口SIOCATMARKSIOCSPGRPSIOCGPGRP是否位于帶外標記設(shè)置套接口的進程ID或進程組ID獲取套接口的進程ID或進程組IDintintint文件FIONBINFIOASYNCFIONREADFIOSETOWNFIOGETOWN設(shè)置/清除非阻塞I/O標志設(shè)置/清除信號驅(qū)動異步I/O標志獲取接收緩存區(qū)中的字節(jié)數(shù)設(shè)置文件的進程ID或進程組ID獲取文件的進程ID或進程組IDintintintintint接口SIOCGIFCONFSIOCSIFADDRSIOCGIFADDRSIOCSIFFLAGSSIOCGIFFLAGSSIOCSIFDSTADDRSIOCGIFDSTADDRSIOCGIFBRDADDRSIOCSIFBRDADDRSIOCGIFNETMASKSIOCSIFNETMASKSIOCGIFMETRICSIOCSIFMETRICSIOCGIFMTUSIOCxxx獲取所有接口的清單設(shè)置接口地址獲取接口地址設(shè)置接口標志獲取接口標志設(shè)置點到點地址獲取點到點地址獲取廣播地址設(shè)置廣播地址獲取子網(wǎng)掩碼設(shè)置子網(wǎng)掩碼獲取接口的測度設(shè)置接口的測度獲取接口MTU（還有很多取決于系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)）struct ifconfstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqstruct ifreqARPSIOCSARPSIOCGARPSIOCDARP創(chuàng)建/修改ARP表項獲取ARP表項刪除ARP表項struct arpreqstruct arpreqstruct arpreq路由SIOCADDRTSIOCDELRT增加路徑刪除路徑struct rtentrystruct rtentry流I_xxx4. 相關(guān)例子(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口信息選項獲取填充struct ifreq的ifr_name#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <linux/if.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <linux/sockios.h>/**ioctl函數(shù)是與內(nèi)核交互的一種方法，使用ioctl函數(shù)與內(nèi)核協(xié)議棧進行交互ioctl函數(shù)可操作I/O請求，文件請求與網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口請求的幾個結(jié)構(gòu)體:struct ifreq{#define IFHWADDRLEN 6 //6個字節(jié)的硬件地址，即MACunion{char ifrn_name[IFNAMESIZ];//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口名稱}ifr_ifrn;union{struct sockaddr ifru_addr;//本地IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;//目標IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;//廣播IP地址struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;//本地子網(wǎng)掩碼地址struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;//本地MAC地址short ifru_flags;//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口標記int ifru_ivalue;//不同的請求含義不同struct ifmap ifru_map;//網(wǎng)卡地址映射int ifru_mtu;//最大傳輸單元char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];//占位符char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZE];//新名稱void __user* ifru_data;//用戶數(shù)據(jù)struct if_settings ifru_settings;//設(shè)備協(xié)議設(shè)置}ifr_ifru;}#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name;//接口名稱#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr;//MAC#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr;//本地IP#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.dstaddr;//目標IP#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.broadaddr;//廣播IP#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask;//子網(wǎng)掩碼#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags;//標志#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//接口側(cè)度#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu;//最大傳輸單元#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map;//設(shè)備地址映射#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave;//副設(shè)備#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data;//接口使用#define ifr_ifrindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口序號#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//連接帶寬#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;//傳輸單元長度#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname;//新名稱#define ifr_seeting ifr_ifru.ifru_settings;//設(shè)備協(xié)議設(shè)置struct ifmap{//網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備的映射屬性unsigned long mem_start;//開始地址unsigned long mem_end;//結(jié)束地址unsigned short base_addr;//基地址unsigned char irq;//中斷號unsigned char dma;//DMAunsigned char port;//端口}struct ifconf{//網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置結(jié)構(gòu)體是一種緩沖區(qū)int ifc_len;//緩沖區(qū)ifr_buf的大小union{char__user *ifcu_buf;//繪沖區(qū)指針struct ifreq__user* ifcu_req;//指向ifreq指針}ifc_ifcu;};#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf;//緩沖區(qū)地址#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req;//ifc_req地址(1)獲得配置選項SIOCGIFCONF獲得網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的配置情況 需要填充struct ifreq中ifr_name變量(2)其它選項獲取填充struct ifreq的ifr_name**/int main(int argc,char*argv[]){int s;int err;s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(s<0){perror("socket error");return;}//傳入網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口序號，獲得網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的名稱struct ifreq ifr;ifr.ifr_ifindex=2;//獲得第2個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的名稱err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFNAME,&ifr);if(err){perror("index error");}else{printf("the %dst interface is:%s\n",ifr.ifr_ifindex,ifr.ifr_name);}//傳入網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口名稱，獲得標志memcpy(ifr.ifr_name,"eth0",5);err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFFLAGS,&ifr);if(!err){printf("SIOCGIFFLAGS:%d\n",ifr.ifr_flags);}//獲得MTU和MACerr=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFMTU,&ifr);if(!err){printf("SIOCGIFMTU:%d\n",ifr.ifr_mtu);}//獲得MAC地址err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFHWADDR,&ifr);if(!err){unsigned char* hw=ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data;printf("SIOCGIFHWADDR:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n",hw[0],hw[1],hw[2],hw[3],hw[4],hw[5]);}//獲得網(wǎng)卡映射參數(shù) 命令字SIOCGIFMAPerr=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFMAP,&ifr);if(!err){printf("SIOCGIFMAP,mem_start:%d,mem_end:%d,base_addr:%d,ifr_map:%d,dma:%d,port:%d\n",ifr.ifr_map.mem_start,ifr.ifr_map.mem_end,ifr.ifr_map.base_addr,ifr.ifr_map.irq,ifr.ifr_map.dma,ifr.ifr_map.port);}//獲得網(wǎng)卡序號err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFINDEX,&ifr);if(!err){printf("SIOCGIFINDEX:%d\n",ifr.ifr_ifindex);}//獲取發(fā)送隊列的長度err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFTXQLEN,&ifr);if(!err){printf("SIOCGIFTXQLEN:%d\n",ifr.ifr_qlen);}//獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口IPstruct sockaddr_in *sin=(struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr.ifr_addr;//保存的是二進制IPchar ip[16];//字符數(shù)組，存放字符串memset(ip,0,16);err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFADDR,&ifr);if(!err){inet_ntop(AF_INET,&sin->sin_addr.s_addr,ip,16);//轉(zhuǎn)換的字符串保存到ip數(shù)組中，第二個參數(shù)是要轉(zhuǎn)換的二進制IP指針，第三個參數(shù)是轉(zhuǎn)換完成存放IP的緩沖區(qū)，最后一個參數(shù)是緩沖區(qū)的長度printf("SIOCGIFADDR:%s\n",ip);}//查詢目標IP地址err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFDSTADDR,&ifr);if(!err){inet_ntop(AF_INET,&sin->sin_addr.s_addr,ip,16);printf("SIOCGIFDSTADDR:%s\n",ip);}//查詢子網(wǎng)掩碼err=ioctl(s,SIOCGIFNETMASK,&ifr);if(!err){inet_ntop(AF_INET,&sin->sin_addr.s_addr,ip,16);printf("SIOCGIFNETMASK:%s\n",ip);}//設(shè)置IP地址，設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口inet_pton(AF_INET,"222.27.253.108",&sin->sin_addr.s_addr);//將字符串IP轉(zhuǎn)換成二進制err=ioctl(s,SIOCSIFADDR,&ifr);//發(fā)送設(shè)置本機ip地址請求命令if(!err){printf("check IP-----");memset(&ifr,0,sizeof(ifr));memcpy(ifr.ifr_name,"eth0",5);ioctl(s,SIOCGIFADDR,&ifr);inet_ntop(AF_INET,&sin->sin_addr.s_addr,ip,16);printf("%s\n",ip);}//得到接口的廣播地址memset(&ifr,0,sizeof(ifr));memcpy(ifr.ifr_name,"eth0",5);ioctl(s,SIOCGIFBRDADDR,&ifr);struct sockaddr_in *broadcast=(struct sockaddr_in*)&ifr.ifr_broadaddr;//轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串inet_ntop(AF_INET,&broadcast->sin_addr.s_addr,ip,16);//inet_ntop將二進制IP轉(zhuǎn)換成點分十進制的字符串printf("BROADCAST IP:%s\n",ip);close(s);}運行結(jié)果:[root@localhost ~]# ./ioctl-testthe 2st interface is:eth0SIOCGIFFLAGS:4163SIOCGIFMTU:1500SIOCGIFHWADDR:00:13:d4:36:98:34SIOCGIFMAP,mem_start:0,mem_end:0,base_addr:60416,ifr_map:201,dma:0,port:0SIOCGIFINDEX:2SIOCGIFTXQLEN:1000SIOCGIFADDR:222.27.253.108SIOCGIFDSTADDR:222.27.253.108SIOCGIFNETMASK:255.255.255.0check IP-----222.27.253.108BROADCAST IP:222.27.253.255(2)查看arp高速緩存信息#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <net/if_arp.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <linux/sockios.h>/**ARP高速緩存操作，包含IP地址和硬件地址的映射表操作ARP高速緩存的命令字 SIOCDARP,SIOCGARP,SIOCSARP分別是刪除ARP高速緩存的一條記錄，獲得ARP高速緩存的一條記錄和修改ARP高速緩存的一條記錄struct arpreq{struct sockaddr arp_pa;//協(xié)議地址struct sockaddr arp_ha;//硬件地址int arp_flags;//標記struct sockaddr arp_netmask;//協(xié)議地址的子網(wǎng)掩碼char arp_dev[16];//查詢網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的名稱}**///根據(jù)IP地址查找硬件地址int main(int argc,char*argv[]){int s;int err;struct arpreq arpreq;struct sockaddr_in *addr=(struct sockaddr_in*)&arpreq.arp_pa;//IP地址s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(s<0){perror("socket error");}addr->sin_family=AF_INET;addr->sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);//轉(zhuǎn)換成二進制IPif(addr->sin_addr.s_addr==INADDR_NONE){printf("IP地址格式錯誤\n");}strcpy(arpreq.arp_dev,"eth0");err=ioctl(s,SIOCGARP,&arpreq);if(err==-1){perror("arp");return;}unsigned char* hw=(unsigned char*)&arpreq.arp_ha.sa_data;//硬件地址printf("%s\n",argv[1]);printf("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n",hw[0],hw[1],hw[2],hw[3],hw[4],hw[5]);close(s);return 0;}運行結(jié)果:[root@localhost ~]# ./ioctl-arp 222.27.253.1222.27.253.100:0f:e2:5f:3c:8c查看網(wǎng)關(guān)的MAC.在查看ARP高速緩存時要傳入IP地址與接口信息.而獲得接口信息要傳入接口名ifr_name,如eth0.總結(jié):本文主要介紹了獲得網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口請求信息，獲得網(wǎng)卡設(shè)備映射屬性,配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口,獲得ARP高速緩存等.其它ioctl函數(shù)還能對操作文件，操作I/O,操作路由等。最后,對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的操作與ARP高速緩存的操作分別給出了實例