以下為 Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5 (FastCGI) 服務(wù)器在3萬并發(fā)連接下，開啟的10個Nginx進程和250個php-cgi進程時的系統(tǒng)負載情況：
安裝步驟：
（系統(tǒng)要求：Linux 2.6+ 內(nèi)核，本文中的Linux操作系統(tǒng)為CentOS 4.4）
一、獲取相關(guān)開源程序：
1、下載程序源碼包到當(dāng)前目錄：
本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到2007年11月25日的最新穩(wěn)定版。我將它們打了兩個壓縮包。
第一個壓縮包：nginx-php-1.zip
下載地址：
http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746375
第二個壓縮包：nginx-php-2.zip
下載地址：
http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/fileid.cgi?fileid=2746370
附：各開源軟件單獨下載地址（如果下載了以上兩個壓縮包，則無需下載以下軟件）：
http://down.s135.com/linux/nginx-php/
（登錄用戶名、密碼均為blog.s135.com）
2、解壓縮：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
unzip nginx-php-1.zip
unzip nginx-php-2.zip
cd /data0/software/nginx-php
二、安裝PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.5所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.20/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure --enable-static --enable-shared
make
make install
make install-lib
cd ../
tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.30/
./configure
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.6/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.0.45
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --without-debug --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務(wù)器上運行MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，則執(zhí)行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務(wù)器上的MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，那么，以下兩步無需執(zhí)行。
?、佟⒁詍ysql用戶賬號的身份建立數(shù)據(jù)表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
?、?、啟動MySQL（最后的&表示在后臺運行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
cd php-5.2.5/ext/gd/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "gd.so"
自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執(zhí)行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "gd.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、創(chuàng)建www用戶和組，以及其使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/vshare/htdocs
chmod +w /data0/vshare/htdocs
chown -R www:www /data0/vshare/htdocs
7、安裝lighttpd中附帶的spawn-fcgi，用來啟動php-cgi
注：壓縮包中的spawn-fcgi程序為已經(jīng)編譯成二進制的版本。
cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/webserver/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
8、啟動php-cgi進程，監(jiān)聽127.0.0.1的10080端口，進程數(shù)為64（如果服務(wù)器內(nèi)存小于3GB，可以只開啟25個進程），用戶為www：
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
三、安裝Nginx 0.5.33
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.5.33.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.33/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、創(chuàng)建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、創(chuàng)建Nginx配置文件
?、?、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內(nèi)容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/vshare/htdocs;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$
http://$host/$1$2/
permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include conf/fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內(nèi)容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
五、優(yōu)化Linux內(nèi)核參數(shù)
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容：
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務(wù)的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執(zhí)行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
(2)、這時，輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執(zhí)行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
詳細出處參考：http://www.jb51.net/article/20458.htm
