u 英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)表、字母表----- 字母、字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)律記憶口訣
一、嘗試用“胸腔輔助送力---—口腔后部發(fā)聲法”背誦念讀26個(gè)英文字母，感覺(jué)學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音，直到感覺(jué)音準(zhǔn)，流利，升降調(diào)式自如為止。
印刷體：大寫 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
小寫 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
手寫體傾斜：（注意四線格占格要求）
大寫 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
小寫 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]
u 先觀察以上字母的讀音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母進(jìn)行分類：
(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(4) [Eu] ___[ ]
(5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(7) [B:] ___[ ]
二、 英語(yǔ)中元音和輔音(母音和子音)的分類表
英 語(yǔ) 音 標(biāo)（采用口腔后部發(fā)聲法發(fā)音）
發(fā)音特征
元
音*母音
單元音
聲帶振動(dòng)
前元音：[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]
發(fā)音清晰響亮
氣流通暢
中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / \:]
后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
雙元音
振動(dòng)
[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]
輔
音*子音
啞輔音
不振動(dòng)
[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts]
發(fā)音含糊晦澀
氣流受阻
濁輔音
振動(dòng)
[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz]
[m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ]
輔音連綴
[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr] [pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju
三、英語(yǔ)拼音怎么來(lái)拼讀：(也就是單詞的音標(biāo)怎么讀。/與我們漢語(yǔ)拼音很相似)
（拼讀規(guī)則：以元音為中心劃分音節(jié)，按音節(jié)來(lái)拼讀。）
拼讀口訣：元音為中心，劃分音節(jié)、按音節(jié)拼讀；多音節(jié)加重音、多音節(jié)一重多輕發(fā)音，輕音節(jié)怎么輕怎么發(fā)音。重開(kāi)音節(jié)讀長(zhǎng)音，輕/閉音節(jié)讀短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,
*****{詳細(xì)內(nèi)容見(jiàn)后面第五節(jié)(本材料第8頁(yè))：五、音節(jié)劃分。。。}
u 小測(cè)試：音標(biāo)拼讀練習(xí)。
[ai] + [E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E]→ [auE] [h]+ [iE]→ [hiE] [p]+ [ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]
[ei]+ [tF]→ [eitF] [tF] +[ei]→[tFei] [g]+[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au]→[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]
[pr]+[au]→[prau] [pl]+[ei]→[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:] [gl]+[u:]→[glu:] [kl]+[B:]→[klB:]
[kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE]
[b]+[B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit] [t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE]
[Q]+[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE] [bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl] [brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]
四、英文字母和常見(jiàn)字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則（或一般規(guī)律）：
1. 為什么要掌握字母和常見(jiàn)字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律？目的只有一個(gè)，讓我們能夠做到------見(jiàn)字讀音、音義結(jié)合。記住詞形、服務(wù)拼寫。第二步就是要
反過(guò)來(lái)，學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)音認(rèn)字（類似我們的拼音認(rèn)字），通過(guò)多加練習(xí)，逐步達(dá)到聽(tīng)音寫字、音義結(jié)合的水平。第三步是形義結(jié)合，練習(xí)英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)意義對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯。
例1：假如你知道字母組合ee一般發(fā)音是[i:] (規(guī)律), 那么，meet這個(gè)單詞就脫口而出了。
單詞(詞形)： meet 詞義：遇見(jiàn)；初次見(jiàn)面/認(rèn)識(shí)；滿足迎合；迎接/出迎。
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 讀音/音標(biāo)
例 2：?jiǎn)卧~(詞形)：which 詞義：哪個(gè)，哪些
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 讀音/音標(biāo)
例 3：?jiǎn)卧~(詞形)：whose 詞義：誰(shuí)的？
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 讀音/音標(biāo)
例 4：?jiǎn)卧~(詞形)：pl ea se 詞義：請(qǐng)，求你了,
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 讀音/音標(biāo)
2. 英語(yǔ)26個(gè)字母和常見(jiàn)字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律：（要求熟記于心，脫口而出）
總口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。輔音字母顯易單，見(jiàn)面就把音來(lái)念。
字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習(xí)語(yǔ)感。遇見(jiàn)生詞找規(guī)律，劃分音節(jié)順口連，
元音字母在中間，輔音字母兩邊站，字母組合算一個(gè)，熟能生巧難亦簡(jiǎn)。
輔音字母發(fā)音小口訣：輔音字母顯易單，見(jiàn)面就把音來(lái)念。
b發(fā)[b], c發(fā)[k], ci(y) ce多發(fā)[s]; 例詞：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d發(fā)[d], f [f], g發(fā)[g] [dV], [V]少見(jiàn); Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j發(fā)[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分連; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 發(fā)[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趨唇[F] [V]也常見(jiàn); sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 發(fā)音剪頭端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重讀元音)
t 發(fā)[t], v 發(fā)[v], w 輔音[w]來(lái)念； teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white
最后一個(gè)字母z，發(fā)好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
輔音字母一見(jiàn)發(fā)音表：
b
c
d
f
g
h
j
k
l
m
n
[b]
[k]cap
[d]
[f]
[g]egg
[h]
[dV]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[s]city
[dV]
[-l]
[N]g/k
table
rice
bed
coffee
orange
high
jeep
book
blue
meet
nose
blue
bicycle
dog
fly
garbage
hello
Japan
keep
ball
room
pen
[V]garage
table
thank
p
q
r
s
t
v
w
x
(y)
z
[p]
[k]
[r]
[s]desk
[t]
[v]
[w]
[ks]
[j]yes
[z]
[-r]
[z]easy
[gz]
[ai]my
pencil
quick
rose
[V]usually
sit
voice
wash
box
[i]busy
zoo
open
quarter
sorry
pleasure
teacher
invite
swim
exam
very
zero
teacher
[F]sure
little
quickly
freeze
常見(jiàn)輔音字母組合的發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習(xí)語(yǔ)感。
wh發(fā)音 [h] 和 [w], th 常發(fā) [W] 和 [T]；
ch/tch多發(fā) [tF], 有時(shí)發(fā)音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) [f](詞尾)；
ge\dge 多發(fā) [dV], ck 發(fā) [k], kn [n];
ng 易發(fā) [N] [Ng], qu發(fā)音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 發(fā)卷趨 [r], 雙寫分節(jié)不分音。{ 動(dòng)詞或復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s /es, 多發(fā)[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例詞：
wh發(fā)音 [h] 和 [w],
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常發(fā) [W] 和 [T]；th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多發(fā) [tF], 有時(shí)發(fā)音 [F] 或 [k]；
(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追趕，追擊，追求),
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz] (帶篷二輪馬車)
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) [f](詞尾)； sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, cough
ge\dge 多發(fā) [dV], ck 發(fā) [k], kn [n];
(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麥片粥，稀飯)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝蓋), kneel(跪下), knit (編織), knob(球形把手, 旋鈕),
knack (訣竅), knight(騎士,武士; **《金山游俠》，金山公司出品的游戲修改軟件),
ng 易發(fā) [N] [Ng], qu發(fā)音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry
qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相當(dāng)，十分), quiet (安靜的，平靜的), quarter, require,
[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，獨(dú)有獨(dú)特的), technique(技巧),
wr 發(fā)卷趨 [r],
wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(擰，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(絞，扭)
雙寫分節(jié)不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {雙寫元音字母：see, zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(兩個(gè)籃子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/襯衫), three hats(三頂帽子), five cats(五只貓), many streets(許多街道), two packets(兩個(gè)包裹/兩包..), some presents/ sweets(一些禮物/糖果), two biscuits (兩塊餅干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten minutes (十分鐘), two gates (兩扇大門), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (兩個(gè)燈 /風(fēng)箏), two nests (兩個(gè)鳥巢/窩), two tea-pots (兩個(gè)茶壺), some carrots (一些胡蘿卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/貨物),
輔音連綴：pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (豐富, 大量), pliers (鉗子(如老虎鉗,手鉗,扁嘴鉗等),鑷子),
plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (撲通落下), plum(李子), plug(插頭,插上),
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (閘，剎車), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教養(yǎng), 撫養(yǎng)), brown, bride(新娘),
bribe(賄賂, 向…行賄), brush
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(搖籃), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [運(yùn)動(dòng)]板球) criticize(批評(píng), 責(zé)備), cry,
cruel(殘忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宮),
cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根據(jù)權(quán)利)要求得到, 認(rèn)領(lǐng), 聲稱, 主張, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(發(fā)出滴答
聲,單擊n.滴答聲) , club(俱樂(lè)部, 夜總會(huì),), klaxon (高音喇叭/氣笛, 電喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K黨)
gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(優(yōu)雅的，溫文爾雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), grin(露
齒笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(著說(shuō)), gruffly (說(shuō)話或態(tài)度粗暴地, 粗聲地, 生硬地)
gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (發(fā)微光, 使閃爍), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球儀), glove(手套), glue(膠水/膠合)
fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鮮的, 無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的), frequent (頻繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),
from(自，從)，front (前面,前線,陣線), fruit (水果, 果實(shí), 果類, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失敗的)
fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,熱情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飛, 飄動(dòng)), flares (喇叭褲), flash (閃光, 閃現(xiàn), 一瞬間), flea
(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (獰笑, 譏笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏縮, 退縮, 畏首畏尾), floor (地板，樓層),
float (漂浮,浮舟,彩車), flood (洪水, 水災(zāi), 淹沒(méi), 涌進(jìn),涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流動(dòng), (河水)泛濫, 洋溢), flower
(花) , flu (流感), fly (飛翔，飛行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流暢的),
sl---[ ] slave (奴隸), slander (誹謗), slaughter (屠宰, 殘殺, 屠殺), sleep (睡眠, 睡覺(jué)), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗條的, 纖細(xì)的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口號(hào), 標(biāo)語(yǔ)), slow(ly)
(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聰明的, 漂亮的, 靈巧地, 時(shí)髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聰明的人), smell
(氣味, 臭味, //嗅, 聞到, 散發(fā)(...的)氣味, 有(...的)氣味), smile ((～ at) 微笑), smog (煙霧), smoke (n.煙, 煙
塵, 煙幕//v.抽煙, 吸煙vi.冒煙), smuggle (n.走私, 偷帶v.走私),
sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蝸牛), snap (猛咬), sneer (冷笑,輕蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 噴嚏),
snob /snobling (勢(shì)利的年輕人, 勢(shì)利小人),
sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠過(guò), 滑過(guò), 瀏覽), skin (皮膚, 獸皮, 皮毛), skint (身無(wú)分文
的, 窮光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳讀), sky-blue (天藍(lán)色的, 淡藍(lán)色, 蔚藍(lán)色)
sp---[ ] space (空間, 間隔, 距離, 空地, 余地), spade (鏟, 鐵鍬), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分讓給),
spell, speak (說(shuō)話, 談話, 發(fā)言, 演講, 說(shuō)明事實(shí), 表示意見(jiàn),操(某種語(yǔ)言)), spear ([spiE]矛, 槍), specific ([spi`sifik]特效藥, 詳細(xì)而精確的, 明確的), spice (香料, 調(diào)味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫狀的), spur[spE:](n.踢馬剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](n.vi.vt.說(shuō)話急快/唾沫飛濺/飛濺出/噴濺聲), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 間諜, 偵探,//秘密偵察),
st---[ ] stand, stamp (郵票, 跺(腳), 頓(足)), stage (舞臺(tái),戲劇,舉行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), start (動(dòng)身,開(kāi)始,著手
驚動(dòng),驚起,起動(dòng),發(fā)動(dòng)), staff (棒, 杖, 桿, 支柱, 全體職員), stadium (露天運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)/體育場(chǎng)), step, steep(陡峭的), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘貼), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 結(jié)結(jié)巴巴的說(shuō)), style (風(fēng)格, 時(shí)尚, 文體),
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 藥簽,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(搖晃, 水潭,垂花飾), swear(宣誓, 發(fā)誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),
sweater(厚運(yùn)動(dòng)衫, 毛線衫), sweep(掃, 打掃, 清掃, 席卷, 沖光), sweepup(n.大掃除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 搖擺, 擺動(dòng)), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛飲, 大喝特喝(尤指從瓶口喝的)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…騙走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏暈, 昏厥驚訝, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛撲vt攫取vi.飛撲, 突然襲擊), sword(劍), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功讀書vt.用功學(xué)習(xí)n.苦讀的人, 辛苦的工作),
dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)變矮小), dwell(at../in...居住 停留于;on../upon..細(xì)想, 詳述),
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.兩, 雙, 二, 一對(duì)), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小
枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.兩次, 兩倍), twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜紋織物vt.把...織成斜紋adj.
斜紋織物的), twine ([twain]n.合股線, 細(xì)繩, 麻線, 搓v.搓, 織, 編飾, (使)纏繞), twinge([twindV]n.一陣一陣痛, 如刺一樣痛, 劇痛vt.使一陣一陣痛, 刺痛), twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.閃爍, 閃耀, (使)閃光n.閃爍, 發(fā)光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋狀vt.擰, 扭曲, 絞, 搓, 捻, 使苦惱, 使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng), vi.扭彎, 扭曲, 纏繞, 扭動(dòng), 呈螺旋形),two,
thr---[ ] three, thread(線，細(xì)絲, 線索, 思路, 螺紋), threaten(恐嚇, 威脅), threnode (哀歌), thrive(興旺, 繁榮, 茁壯成長(zhǎng), 旺盛), throw(扔，拋，投，摔，擲，丟), through (通過(guò)，穿過(guò)，透過(guò)/〔時(shí)間〕從…的開(kāi)始到末了，從頭到尾；〔場(chǎng)
所〕到處，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉嚨, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood thrush畫眉鳥), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 沖, 插入, 擠進(jìn), 刺, 戳), thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),
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u 提前練一練，看看有何難。小測(cè)試：
1). 見(jiàn)字讀音: 寫出下列單詞的音標(biāo)。
class [ ] this [ ] your [ ] you [ ] here [ ] Sandy [ ] Crisp [ ]
2). 音義結(jié)合：寫出下列讀音所對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)意義。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
3). 聽(tīng)音寫字：根據(jù)音標(biāo)寫單詞。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
[hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____
4). 形義結(jié)合：英漢互譯（即，寫出對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)或漢語(yǔ)意思）。
her -____; thank-_______; 定冠詞/ 這個(gè)或那個(gè)-______; 書-______; rubber -_______;
小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you. _______; Here you are.
_________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________;
字母L的兩種讀音口訣：音節(jié)開(kāi)頭發(fā)清音[l -], 音節(jié)末尾模糊音[- l],
[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大個(gè)), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,
[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label ((貼)標(biāo)簽), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(搖籃),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),
常見(jiàn)音節(jié)尾音總結(jié)：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]
[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]
[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ]
元音字母a e i(y) o u 的發(fā)音口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。
重開(kāi)音節(jié)多長(zhǎng)音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]來(lái)拼；重閉音節(jié)/輕音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r /ss常發(fā)[B:/A], 還有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的發(fā)音首數(shù)[e]，空尾/重[i:]輕[i][E]。
重開(kāi)音節(jié)i發(fā)[ai]，重閉/輕音短[i][E]。o發(fā)長(zhǎng)音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多發(fā) [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y頭發(fā)[j]重讀[ai]，輕音/結(jié)尾[i]變來(lái)。
ay ,ey, o/uy，多發(fā)[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音須強(qiáng)化。
相近發(fā)音不規(guī)則，省力順口是關(guān)鍵。相近/強(qiáng)化加弱化，使得元音多變化。
例詞：
a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 強(qiáng)化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常發(fā)[B:/A], 還有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后來(lái)), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],
e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(詞尾空音) / ] 強(qiáng)化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ] e的發(fā)音首數(shù)[e]，空尾/重[i:]輕[i][E]。
he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],
/ -*(詞尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (職工, 雇員, 店員), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鷹),
i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 強(qiáng)化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i] 重開(kāi)音節(jié)發(fā)[i: /ai]，重閉/輕音短[i][E]。
right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 強(qiáng)化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]
o發(fā)長(zhǎng)音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](場(chǎng)合, 時(shí)機(jī), 機(jī)會(huì)), aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],
u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 強(qiáng)化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多發(fā) [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 強(qiáng)化音[ai]，弱化音[i] y頭發(fā)[j]重讀[ai]，輕音/結(jié)尾[i]變來(lái)。
your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],
常見(jiàn)元音字母組合發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，常受影響發(fā)音變；千錘百煉習(xí)語(yǔ)感。
組合愛(ài)發(fā)長(zhǎng)/雙元(音(重讀音節(jié)))；常受影響發(fā)音變；為了順口圖方便，近似發(fā)音相變換。
另有強(qiáng)化加弱化，多個(gè)字母省略念。外來(lái)/古語(yǔ)不規(guī)則(發(fā)音)，熟讀百遍字腔圓。
a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // [i] Sunday, Monday, …
ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],
al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,
[C:l / Al / El ]非組合式的情況：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻類, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代數(shù)學(xué)), signal [lsigEl](信號(hào)/發(fā)信號(hào), 用信號(hào)通知),
au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威嚴(yán)的),
[C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠實(shí),),
aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,
ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺騙, 謊言), deceive(v. 欺騙, 謊言), receipt (收條, 收據(jù), 收到), perceive (v.察覺(jué)感知, 感到), conceit (原義;自負(fù), 幻想),
er [E:] her, herd(獸群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (緊急情況, 緊急突發(fā)事件, 非常時(shí)刻,), [E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷聽(tīng)者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 發(fā)誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
ere [iE] here, sphere (球體), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
eir [ZE] their,
eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(歡呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,譏笑), jeer(譏諷嘲弄), engineer, ,
ey [ei] they, grey, hey,
ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 風(fēng)景, 觀點(diǎn), 見(jiàn)解), ewe (母羊),
i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋轉(zhuǎn)), stir (轟動(dòng), 激起,攪動(dòng)),
ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 達(dá)到), chief(首領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)袖, 酋長(zhǎng), 長(zhǎng)官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), relief((痛苦等的)減輕),
ire [aiE] tire(輪胎；使勞累), tired(累的，疲勞的), wire(金屬絲, 電線),
igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也許, 或許; 可能), night, knight,
o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:] work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget,
oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,
oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情緒, 語(yǔ)氣, 狀態(tài)),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood,
ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口紅/胭脂), [u]would, could, should, [C:] cough,
ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw
oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course,
ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市內(nèi)的), suburb, suburbia (郊區(qū)居民),
ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE],
ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大學(xué))畢業(yè)生, 研究生),
非組合發(fā)音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大學(xué))畢業(yè)), [jJE]January,
uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音節(jié)、音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)和類型、音節(jié)劃分、音節(jié)重音和拼讀：
1. 音節(jié)就是英文單詞字母(或發(fā)音)的排列單位，一個(gè)單位算一節(jié)。連讀起來(lái)輕重緩急，流利有節(jié)奏，便于聽(tīng)說(shuō)閱讀。
2. 音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型：口訣： 完全結(jié)構(gòu)頭中尾(音頭/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含組合)，缺頭少尾有開(kāi)閉(音節(jié))，e尾/成音/r音節(jié)。
開(kāi)音節(jié)/閉音節(jié)：以元音或不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的叫開(kāi)音節(jié)，以輔音結(jié)尾的是閉音節(jié)。
開(kāi)音節(jié)(詞) ：[以開(kāi)音節(jié)結(jié)尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
閉音節(jié)(詞)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(開(kāi)始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸騰，煮沸，激動(dòng)), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音節(jié)：元音字母(a e i o u) + r構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立的音節(jié)，也可以前后加輔音字母共同構(gòu)成音節(jié)。
例如：far(遠(yuǎn)的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轟動(dòng), 激起), or, for(為了，對(duì)于，因?yàn)?，適合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // article(文章), order (命令, 定購(gòu), 定制；次序, 順序,秩序), urgent (急迫的, 緊急的), urban (城市的, 市內(nèi)的),
成音節(jié)： 輔音字母(有時(shí)跟不發(fā)音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常帶有不發(fā)音的e)可算作一個(gè)音節(jié)。
例如：label ((貼)標(biāo)簽), pupil, pencil [sl], table, bicycle, little [tl], apple [pl],
people,
3. 劃分音節(jié)口訣： 音節(jié)中心看母音，輔音要向兩邊站。中心之間輔音連，一靠后,二分手；多個(gè)中間偏左右，字母組合算一個(gè)(音)。多音節(jié)尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有輔音成音節(jié)。
例子：學(xué)會(huì)一眼識(shí)破音節(jié)數(shù)目，運(yùn)用語(yǔ)音規(guī)則，做到見(jiàn)字讀音。
閉音節(jié)：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
開(kāi)音節(jié)：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], teacher [`ti:tFE], ready [`redi], July [`dVu(:)lai],
ruler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音節(jié)： table [`teibl], apple [pl], bottle [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [`baisikl], pencil [sl],
seven [`sevn], eleven [i `lev(E)n],
不發(fā)音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（開(kāi)音節(jié)的外形，多讀長(zhǎng)音。）
4. 單詞重音（重音符號(hào)ˊ）：雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞中常常重讀一個(gè)音節(jié)，其它讀輕音。遇到生詞，有音標(biāo)當(dāng)然省事，但在無(wú)音標(biāo)的情況下，至于哪個(gè)音節(jié)要重讀，由于英語(yǔ)詞源、構(gòu)詞、例外情況等諸多因素限制，不可能將每個(gè)生詞讀的完全無(wú)誤。只能掌握的一般規(guī)律：
重音口訣： 為了順口有節(jié)奏，張口由大變到小(省氣力)，大口/長(zhǎng)音多重讀，還要保持身平衡(整個(gè)單詞發(fā)音)，特別寫法長(zhǎng)又多(特別是寫法很長(zhǎng)的多音節(jié)詞)，倒數(shù)第三多琢磨。(一般是)前輕---中重----后又輕。哪兒平順哪(兒)讀重。
一般具體做法是：① 單音節(jié)都重讀；這類單詞很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
② 雙音節(jié)詞 ▲ (發(fā)長(zhǎng)音或大口音重讀, 這類單詞很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (兩音平(音長(zhǎng)和張口大小接近的)開(kāi)頭重讀; 這類單詞很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],
▲ (帶前后綴多詞根重讀。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
④ 多音節(jié)詞倒數(shù)第三個(gè)元音字母(音節(jié))重讀。帶前后綴多詞根重讀。
例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力學(xué)療法),
③ 合成詞保持開(kāi)頭單詞的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
u 小測(cè)試：給下列單詞劃分音節(jié), 并拼讀出來(lái)。(單音節(jié)詞下劃線，多音節(jié)詞用豎線分割。)
1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street, colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground, 3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell, gate, near, under, newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter, 4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, course, watch, basin, hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday,
u 注意：這語(yǔ)音方面的技能需要在下面不斷練習(xí)，我們可以把教材里的單詞多多練習(xí)。一有時(shí)間就拿起教材進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。天長(zhǎng)日久，會(huì)取得你滿意的效果。
