10 Things You Didn’t Know About You
10件你自己都不了解的你的事情
Our body is full of mysteries and things we might never know about, in our entire life, so here we made a list of 10 things you probably didn’t know about yourself.
在我們的一生中，我們的身體里蘊藏著連我們都不知道的無數(shù)秘密，在這篇文章里我們會為您列舉10件可能你有所不知的你的秘密。
10 Your Stomach Secretes Corrosive Acid
10. 你的胃會分泌腐蝕酸
There’s one dangerous liquid no airport security can confiscate from you: It’s in your gut. Your stomach cells secrete hydrochloric acid, a corrosive compound used to treat metals in the industrial world. It can pickle steel, but mucous lining the stomach wall keeps this poisonous liquid safely in the digestive system, breaking down lunch.
你的內(nèi)臟里有一種危險液體，但是任何一個機場安檢都沒有辦法沒收。你的胃會分泌鹽酸，這是工業(yè)中用來處理金屬的腐蝕性化合物。它可以清洗鋼鐵，但是胃壁上的粘膜可以讓有毒的鹽酸安全的待在消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，幫我們消化食物。
9 Body Position Affects Your Memory
9. 身體的姿勢可以喚起你的記憶
Can’t remember your anniversary, hubby? Try getting down on one knee. Memories are highly embodied in our senses. A scentor sound may evoke a distant episode from one’s childhood. The connections can be obvious (a bicycle bell makes you remember your old paper route) or inscrutable. A recent study helps decipher some of this embodiment. An article in the January 2007 issue of Cognition reports that episodes from your past are remembered faster and better while in a body position similar to the pose struck during the event.
丈夫們，是不是想不起來你跟太太的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日是哪天了？那就跪下來試試看把。記憶是我們感覺的具體闡釋。一種香味或者一個聲音都有可能喚起你兒時一個遙遠(yuǎn)的片段。其中是有某種關(guān)聯(lián)卻又那么不可思議（一陣自行車鈴的聲音會讓你回想起過去騎車的路線）。最近的一份研究對解釋這種神秘的聯(lián)系有一定幫助，《認(rèn)知》雜志2007年1月刊上的一篇文章上說，當(dāng)你在保持跟過去做這件事一樣的姿勢時，你會更快更好的回憶起當(dāng)時發(fā)生的事情。
8 Bones Break (Down) to Balance Minerals
8. 骨頭會為平衡體內(nèi)鈣含量而分解
In addition to supporting the bag of organs and muscles that is our body, bones help regulate our calcium levels. Bones contain both phosphorus and calcium, the latter of which is needed by muscles and nerves. If the element is in short supply, certain hormones will cause bones to break downeupping calcium levels in the bodyeuntil the appropriate extracellular concentration is reached.
除了要支撐起我們的器官和肌肉，骨頭還會幫我們調(diào)節(jié)我們體內(nèi)的鈣含量。骨頭里含有磷和鈣，而其中的鈣對于肌肉和神經(jīng)來說必不可少。如果體內(nèi)鈣元素減少了，一種特定的荷爾蒙就會讓骨頭分解，釋放出一些鈣，以保證體內(nèi)的鈣含量達(dá)到合適的濃度。
7 Much of a Meal is Food For Thought
7. 精神食糧不是吃飯就夠的
Though it makes up only 2 percent of our total body weight, thebrain demands 20 percent of the body’s oxygen and calories. To keep our noggin well-stocked with resources, three major cerebral arteries are constantly pumping in oxygen. A blockage or break in one of them starves brain cells of the energy they require to function, impairing the functions controlled by that region. This is a stroke.
盡管大腦只占我們?nèi)梭w總重量的2%，它對氧氣和熱量的需求量卻占我們?nèi)梭w所需總量的20%。為了讓我們的大腦能很好的儲備豐富的資源，三條主要的腦動脈中要始終保持有充足的氧氣含量。三條主要腦動脈中如果有阻礙或者被損壞，都會讓腦細(xì)胞因沒有工作所需的能量而餓死，從而損害這些包細(xì)胞的工作區(qū)域。這就是中風(fēng)。
6 Thousands of Eggs Unused by Ovaries
6. 卵巢中有幾千個卵子卵巢從來沒有用過
When a woman reaches her late 40s or early 50s, the monthlymenstrual cycle that controls her hormone levels and readies ova for insemination ceases. Her ovaries have been producing less and less estrogen, inciting physical and emotional changes across her body. Her underdeveloped egg follicles begin to fail to release ova as regularly as before. The average adolescent girl has 34,000 underdeveloped egg follicles, although only 350 or so mature during her life (at the rate of about one per month). The unused egg follicles then deteriorate. With no potential pregnancy on the horizon, the brain can stop managing the release of ova.
當(dāng)一個女人48、9或者50出頭的時候，控制她體內(nèi)荷爾蒙水平以及為她提供卵子準(zhǔn)備受精的月經(jīng)周期就會停止。她的卵巢會分泌越來越少的雌性激素，這會使得她的身體和心理上都發(fā)生變化，而未發(fā)育完全的卵泡就不能像以前一樣很有規(guī)律的孕育卵子。通常來說，青春期少女體內(nèi)有34000個發(fā)育不完全的卵泡，而其中只有350個會在她以后的的生活中慢慢成熟，變成卵子（大概一個月一個）。沒有用過的卵泡就會慢慢退化。如果近期沒有懷孕，大腦就可以停止對排卵的干涉。
5 Puberty Reshapes Brain Structure, Makes for Missed Curfews
5. 青春期可以重塑大腦結(jié)構(gòu)
We know that hormone-fueled changes in the body are necessary to encourage growth and ready the body for reproduction. But why is adolescence so emotionally unpleasant? Hormones liketestosterone actually influence the development of neurons in the brain, and the changes made to brain structure have many behavioral consequences. Expect emotional awkwardness,apathy and poor decision-making skills as regions in the frontal cortex mature.
眾所周知，受荷爾蒙的作用，體內(nèi)的變化對于身體發(fā)育來和繁衍生息來說都是極其需要的。但是為什么青少年情緒上會這么不穩(wěn)定？荷爾蒙像睪丸激素一樣，會影響大腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的發(fā)育，而這些受荷爾蒙作用的變化會讓大腦結(jié)構(gòu)相應(yīng)發(fā)生變化，所以就導(dǎo)致了許多行為發(fā)生變化。有些不善表達(dá)自己情感的、冷漠的、決策力不足的表現(xiàn)都是受前額皮層是否成熟影響。
4 Cell Hairs Move Mucus
4. 毛細(xì)胞會分泌粘液
Most cells in our bodies sport hair-like organelles called cilia that help out with a variety of functions, from digestion to hearing. In the nose, cilia help to drain mucus from the nasal cavity down to the throat. Cold weather slows down the draining process, causing a mucus backup that can leave you with snotty sleeves. Swollen nasal membranes or condensation can also cause a stuffed schnozzle.
我們體內(nèi)的大部分細(xì)胞都是由像頭發(fā)一樣的、被稱為纖毛的細(xì)胞器中產(chǎn)生的，它們的作用多種多樣，不管是消化系統(tǒng)還是聽力方面。比方說鼻子，纖毛可以幫助粘液從鼻腔流到喉嚨。如果天氣冷，這個流動的速度會變慢，粘液就會回流，你就會流鼻涕了。鼻粘膜腫脹或者凝結(jié)則會讓鼻子不通氣（塞?。?/span>
3 Big Brains Cause Cramped Mouths
3. 腦子變大會讓嘴巴里的空間變小
Evolution isn’t perfect. If it were, we might have wings instead ofwisdom teeth. Sometimes useless features stick around in a species simply because they’re not doing much harm. But wisdom teeth weren’t always a cash crop for oral surgeons. Long ago, they served as a useful third set of meat-mashing molars. But as our brains grew our jawbone structure changed, leaving us with expensively overcrowded mouths.
進(jìn)化并不是那么完美。如果真的無可挑剔，那我們就應(yīng)該長翅膀而不是智齒。有時人們不會去改掉一些沒有用的特點，只因為它們并沒有什么壞處。很久以前，智齒是作為把肉嚼碎的第三磨牙而派大用處的，不是像現(xiàn)在只是留給口腔醫(yī)生去拔掉。隨著大腦不斷進(jìn)化，下顎骨的結(jié)構(gòu)也隨之發(fā)生改變，最終導(dǎo)致我們嘴巴里的空間越來越小，有些牙齒的存在就有點多余了。
2 The World Laughs with You
2. 你笑的時候全世界都笑了
Just as watching someone yawn can induce the behavior in yourself, recent evidence suggests that laughter is a social cue for mimicry. Hearing a laugh actually stimulates the brain region associated with facial movements. Mimicry plays an important role in social interaction. Cues like sneezing, laughing, crying and yawning may be ways of creating strong social bonds within a group.
就像看著其他人打哈欠，你也會跟著打哈欠一樣，最近有證據(jù)表明，笑也是研究模仿的一條線索。聽見有人在笑真的會刺激大腦連接面部動作的區(qū)域。模仿在社會的相互作用間發(fā)揮著重要作用。打噴嚏、笑、哭、打哈欠都是讓你跟一個群體建立強烈社會聯(lián)系的方法。
1 Your Skin Has Four Colors
1. 你的皮膚有四種顏色
All skin, without coloring, would appear creamy white. Near-surface blood vessels add a blush of red. A yellow pigment also tints the canvas. Lastly, sepia-toned melanin, created in response to ultraviolet rays, appears black in large amounts. These four hues mix in different proportions to create the skin colors of all the peoples of Earth.
所有沒有著色過的天然皮膚都是奶白色的。近表皮的血管給奶白色添了一抹紅暈。黃色素會讓你的皮膚變得有點黃色。最后，紫外線會產(chǎn)生黑色素，看上去皮膚會變黑。這四種色調(diào)混合的比例有所不同，但是它們卻一起合成了地球人的皮膚顏色。
