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一在Web Service中運(yùn)用Session

在web service中如下定義

[WebMethod(EnableSession=true)]
public String UpdateSessionHitCount()
{
        count++;
        if (Session["HitCount"] == null)
    ...{
            Session["HitCount"] = 1;
        }
        else
   ...{
            Session["HitCount"] = ((int)(Session["HitCount"])) + 1;
        }
        return "You have accessed this service " + Session["HitCount"].ToString() + " times.Count="+count.ToString();
}
在客戶端如下調(diào)用

        SessionService sessionService = new SessionService();
        sessionService.CookieContainer = new System.Net.CookieContainer();
        sessionService1.UpdateSessionHitCount()
發(fā)現(xiàn)如下現(xiàn)象：

在同一執(zhí)行過(guò)程中UpdateSessionHitCount調(diào)用多少次，HitCount的值就增加多少次，而頁(yè)面刷新或者重新執(zhí)行則HitCount又從1開(kāi)始。所以推斷：只有同一SessionService的調(diào)用才是同一個(gè)Session。

但是又有不好理解的地方：

如果同一對(duì)象的調(diào)用是一個(gè)Session，那跟調(diào)用本地對(duì)象時(shí)的計(jì)數(shù)不是一樣嗎？那還要Session干什么？

于是又有以下實(shí)驗(yàn)：

private int count = 0;
public SessionService () ...{

        //Uncomment the following line if using designed components
        //InitializeComponent();
    }
在web service中定義一個(gè)全局變量，然后在UpdateSessionHitCount的方法中將Count++

[WebMethod(EnableSession=true)]
    public String UpdateSessionHitCount()
    ...{
        count++;
        ......
      //return count
   }
發(fā)現(xiàn)每次調(diào)用Count的值都是1。

結(jié)論：

客戶端new 一個(gè)SessionService對(duì)象，然后調(diào)用其方法，似乎只new 了一次，其實(shí)每次調(diào)用都是一個(gè)新的對(duì)象（對(duì)象產(chǎn)生的過(guò)程還在學(xué)習(xí)中）。但是客戶端同一個(gè)SessionService的多次調(diào)用是一個(gè)Session。所以這個(gè)Session的用法和平時(shí)所常見(jiàn)的Session用法還不是完全相同。

二在Web Service中運(yùn)用Application變量

[WebMethod(EnableSession = false)]
    public String UpdateApplicationHitCounter()
    ...{
        if (Application["HitCounter"] == null)
        ...{
            Application["HitCounter"] = 1;
        }
        else
        ...{
            Application["HitCounter"] = ((int)Application["HitCounter"]) + 1;
        }
        return "You have accessed this service " + Application["HitCounter"].ToString() + " times.";
    }
這和運(yùn)用Session的區(qū)別是EnableSession不用設(shè)置為True，而且不用設(shè)置CookieContainer為System.Net.CookieContainer的新實(shí)例。而這在運(yùn)用Session時(shí)是必須設(shè)置的。

三用于異步 WebMethod 調(diào)用的基于事件的新模型

在web服務(wù)中HelloWorld方法如下：

    [WebMethod]
    public string HelloWorld() ...{
        Thread.Sleep(5000);
        return "Hello World";
    }
同步調(diào)用

        HelloWorldWaitService service = new HelloWorldWaitService();
        DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
        service.HelloWorld();
        DateTime endTime = DateTime.Now;
        TimeSpan timeFromStartToEnd = endTime - startTime;
        output.Text = "Total Time (in seconds): " + timeFromStartToEnd.TotalSeconds.ToString();

異步調(diào)用

protected void ParallelButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
        HelloWorldWaitService service = new HelloWorldWaitService();
        service.HelloWorldCompleted += this.HelloWorldCompleted;
        Session["StartTime"] = DateTime.Now;
        service.HelloWorldAsync("first call");
        service.HelloWorldAsync("second call");
    }
    public void HelloWorldCompleted(Object sender, HelloWorldCompletedEventArgs args)
    ...{
        String whichCall = (string)args.UserState;
        if (whichCall.Equals("second call"))
        ...{
            //we can now compute total time for two asynchronous calls
            DateTime endTime = DateTime.Now;
            DateTime startTime = (DateTime)Session["StartTime"];
            TimeSpan timeFromStartToEnd = endTime - startTime;
            output.Text = "Total Time (in seconds): " + timeFromStartToEnd.TotalSeconds;
        }
    }
其中異步調(diào)用的結(jié)果在args.result中。從調(diào)用HelloWorld方法所需的時(shí)間來(lái)看，同步調(diào)用大致是5.0311534妙，異步調(diào)用兩次是5.2655239，同步調(diào)用一次是5.0624028。

四允許運(yùn)行時(shí)選擇 Web 服務(wù)的 ASP.NET Web 服務(wù)客戶端

可以將值存儲(chǔ)在配置文件中，而不是對(duì) Web 服務(wù)的位置進(jìn)行硬編碼或在客戶端代理中使用默認(rèn)位置。這樣，您或管理員可以在不更改代碼的情況下更改配置文件中的位置。

      HelloWorldService service = new HelloWorldService();
      //Change the location of the Web service in machine.config if desired
      service.Url = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["WSUrl"];
      output.Text = service.HelloWorld();

五根據(jù)架構(gòu)對(duì)傳入消息進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證的 Web 服務(wù)

若要在服務(wù)上驗(yàn)證消息，請(qǐng)使用 XmlValidatingReader。驗(yàn)證消息的最佳位置是在 SOAP 擴(kuò)展中。這使您可以完全控制 SOAP 消息的內(nèi)容，并可以在執(zhí)行相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)代價(jià)較高的反序列化步驟之前拒絕不符合架構(gòu)的消息。

請(qǐng)注意，本示例在 WebMethod 體中驗(yàn)證消息。這樣做是為了簡(jiǎn)單。無(wú)論在什么位置，驗(yàn)證消息的步驟都是相同的。有關(guān) SOAP 擴(kuò)展中的驗(yàn)證的更多信息，請(qǐng)參考以下 MSDN article（MSDN 文章）。

[WebService(Namespace = "[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
public class MessageValidationService : System.Web.Services.WebService ...{

private string returnMessage = "Success! Validation was successful.";

    public MessageValidationService ()
    ...{
        //Uncomment the following line if using designed components
        //InitializeComponent();
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public string SendToValidator(string input)
    ...{
        XmlTextReader tr = new XmlTextReader(input,XmlNodeType.Document,null);
        XmlValidatingReader vr = new XmlValidatingReader(tr);

        XmlSchemaCollection schemas = new XmlSchemaCollection();
        schemas.Add("Microsoft.Samples.Web.Services", "http://localhost/quickstartv20/webservices/samples/MessageValidation/Book.xsd");
        vr.Schemas.Add(schemas);
        vr.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
        vr.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationHandler);
        try
        ...{
            while (vr.Read())
            ...{
                //do nothing
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        ...{
            returnMessage = "Failure. An Exception was received, most likely indicating malformed XML. Message: " + ex.Message;
        }
        return returnMessage;
    }
    public void ValidationHandler(object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
    ...{
        returnMessage = "Failure. Validation was not successful. Message: " + args.Message;
    }

}

六引發(fā)帶有自定義信息的 Soap 異常的 ASP.NET Web 服務(wù)

服務(wù)器可以使用 SoapException 將自定義錯(cuò)誤信息發(fā)送到客戶端。引發(fā)（但未捕獲）SoapException 以后，服務(wù)器以 SOAP 錯(cuò)誤的形式在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤信息。該 SOAP 錯(cuò)誤在客戶端上被反序列化回 SoapException。在 SOAP 錯(cuò)誤的 Detail 元素中發(fā)送自定義（計(jì)算機(jī)可讀的）錯(cuò)誤信息。一個(gè) SOAP 錯(cuò)誤還包括一條可以人讀的錯(cuò)誤信息、一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤代碼和一個(gè)可選的 SOAP actor。

示例代碼：

服務(wù)端：

[WebMethod]
    public string ThrowSoapException() ...{
        string myNS = "Microsoft.Samples.XmlMessaging.WebServices.SoapExceptionSample";
        if (true)
        ...{
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            XmlNode detail = doc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, SoapException.DetailElementName.Name, SoapException.DetailElementName.Namespace);

XmlNode errorType = doc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "ErrorType", myNS);
errorType.InnerText = "Validation";

XmlNode linePos = doc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Position", myNS);
linePos.InnerText = "11";

XmlNode lineNum = doc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Line", myNS);
lineNum.InnerText = "24";

            detail.AppendChild(errorType);
            detail.AppendChild(linePos);
            detail.AppendChild(lineNum);

            string errorMsg = "處理消息時(shí)遇到錯(cuò)誤(see Detail element for more information)";
            SoapException exc = new SoapException(errorMsg,SoapException.ClientFaultCode,"",detail);
            throw exc;
        }
        return "Hello World";
    }
客戶端：

SoapExceptionService service = new SoapExceptionService();
        try
        ...{
            string returnValue = service.ThrowSoapException();
        }
        catch (SoapException exception)
        ...{
            output.Text = "遇到Soap異常";
            message.Text = " " + exception.Message;
            if (exception.Actor == "")
            ...{
                actor.Text = " (empty)";
            }
            else
            ...{
                actor.Text = "" + exception.Actor;
            }
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(builder);
            XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter(writer);
            xtw.WriteString(exception.Detail.OuterXml);
            xtw.Flush();
            detail.Text = builder.ToString();
            xtw.Close();
        }
七 SOAP Header

本示例演示如何使用 ASP.NET Web 服務(wù)對(duì) SOAP 標(biāo)頭的支持。該示例使用一個(gè)授權(quán)標(biāo)頭，該標(biāo)頭與含有用戶名/密碼信息的請(qǐng)求一起發(fā)送。第一次調(diào)用 WebMethod 時(shí)未包括 SOAP 標(biāo)頭，因此失敗。第二次調(diào)用 WebMethod 時(shí)包括 SOAP 標(biāo)頭，因此成功返回。

Sample Code:

服務(wù)端

/**//// <summary>
/// AuthHeader class extends from SoapHeader
/// </summary>
public class AuthHeader : SoapHeader
...{
public string Username;
public string Password;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Summary description for SoapHeaders
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
public class SoapHeaders : System.Web.Services.WebService
...{

public AuthHeader sHeader;

    [WebMethod]
    [SoapHeader("sHeader")]
    public string SecureMethod() ...{
        if (sHeader == null)
            return "錯(cuò)誤：請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┥矸輵{據(jù)";
        string usr = sHeader.Username;
        string pwd = sHeader.Password;

        if(AuthenticateUser(usr,pwd))
        ...{
            return "成功";
        }
        else
        ...{
            return "失敗";
        }
    }
    private bool AuthenticateUser(string usr, string pwd)//用于驗(yàn)證身份
    ...{
        if ((usr != null) && (pwd != null))//可能是查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
        ...{
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}
客戶端：

Response.Write("<font face='verdana'><h4>Using Soap Headers for Custom Authentication</h4>");
        // Create a new instance of the UsingSoapHeaders
        // proxy class used to call the remote .asmx file
        SoapHeaders h = new SoapHeaders();
        h.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

        // Call the secure method without credentials
        Response.Write("<h5>First call result without SOAP Header: </h5>");
        try
        ...{
            Response.Write("<p>");
            Response.Write(h.SecureMethod());
            Response.Write("</p>");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        ...{
            Response.Write("<pre>");
            Response.Write(ex.StackTrace);
            Response.Write("</pre>");
        }

        // Create a new instance of the AuthHeader class
        AuthHeader myHeader = new AuthHeader();
        //WARNING: This sample is for demonstration purposes only. Username/password information is sent in plain text,
        //which should never be done in a real application. It is not secure without modification.
        myHeader.Username = "JaneDoe";
        myHeader.Password = "password";
        // Set the AuthHeader public member of the
        // UsingSoapHeaders class to myHeader
        h.AuthHeaderValue = myHeader;
        // Call the secure method with credentials
        Response.Write("<h5>Second call result with SOAP Header: </h5><p>" + h.SecureMethod() + "</p></font>");

客戶端執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下：

Using Soap Headers for Custom Authentication
First call result without SOAP Header:
錯(cuò)誤：請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┥矸輵{據(jù)

Second call result with SOAP Header:
成功

八 UseDefaultCredentials 功能的簡(jiǎn)單 Web 服務(wù)

對(duì)于客戶端代理類的實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)，如果將 UseDefaultCredentials 屬性設(shè)置為 true，則客戶端將使用默認(rèn)憑據(jù)對(duì) Web 服務(wù)進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。例如：

UseDefaultCredentialsService service = new UseDefaultCredentialsService();
service.UseDefaultCredentials = true;
將 UseDefaultCredentials 屬性設(shè)置為 true 等效于下列代碼行

service.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
同時(shí)，還需要在站點(diǎn)部署后在IIS中去掉服務(wù)端匿名訪問(wèn)，允許Windows集成身份驗(yàn)證。

總結(jié)：

本次練習(xí)主要參考ASPNET2.0的QuickStart示例，學(xué)習(xí)了Web 服務(wù)調(diào)用，會(huì)話狀態(tài)的使用，同步、異步調(diào)用，驗(yàn)證，授權(quán)，異常。以及WSDL.exe的常見(jiàn)用法。

本文來(lái)自CSDN博客，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)標(biāo)明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/themoment_rain/archive/2006/12/20/1450562.aspx

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