Data Access Application Block提供了通用的數(shù)據(jù)訪問的功能,隨著2.0版本的推出有了很大變化。
一.改進(jìn)
在DAAB1.1里面我們知道Database方法返回或者創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DBCommandWrapper對(duì)象,而在DAAB2.0里面移除了DBCommandWrapper類,用ADO.NET2.0里面的DBCommand類代替實(shí)現(xiàn)類似的功能,這樣使得DAAB跟我們的.NET類庫的結(jié)合更加緊密,回憶一下我們?cè)?span lang="EN-US">1.1里面用DBCommandWrapper來訪問數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的代碼:
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DBCommandWrapper dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommandWrapper("GetProductsByCategory");
dbCommand.AddInParameter("CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);
DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 而用了新的DBCommand類之后則變成了:Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory");
db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);
DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串在我們基于數(shù)據(jù)庫的開發(fā)永遠(yuǎn)是少不了的,但是在DAAB1.1下,它所使用的字符串跟我們?cè)?span lang="EN-US">.NET
類庫中使用的連接字符串卻是不能共享的,它們分別保存在不同的位置。而在2.0的Data Access Application Block使用了ADO.NET2.0里面<connectionStrings>配置區(qū),這樣帶來的一個(gè)好處是連接字符串可以在Application Block和自定義的.NET類之間共享使用該配置區(qū),如:<connectionStrings>
<add
name="DataAccessQuickStart"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
connectionString="server=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;database=EntLibQuickStarts;Integrated Security=true" />
</connectionStrings> 在.NET2.0下,泛型編程已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)核心,而2.0版的DAAB中也新增了一個(gè)GenericDatabase對(duì)象。DAAB中雖然已經(jīng)包含了SqlDatabase和OrcaleDatabase,但是如果我們需要使用其他的像DB2等數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí),就需要用到GenericDatabase,它可以用于任何.NET類庫中的數(shù)據(jù)提供者,包括OdbcProvider和OleDbProvider。
二.使用示例
DAAB2.0的配置非常簡單,主要有以下幾方面的配置:
配置連接字符串
配置默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫
添加相關(guān)的命名空間:
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data;
using System.Data; 使用Data Access Application Block進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的讀取和操作,一般分為三步:
1.創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象
2.提供命令參數(shù),如果需要的話
3.執(zhí)行命令
下面分別看一下DataAccessQuickStart中提供的一些例子:
執(zhí)行靜態(tài)的SQL語句
public string GetCustomerList()
{
// 創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
// 使用SQL語句創(chuàng)建DbCommand對(duì)象
string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, Name, Address, City, Country, PostalCode " +
"From Customers";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
StringBuilder readerData = new StringBuilder();
// 調(diào)用ExecuteReader方法
using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))
{
while (dataReader.Read())
{
// Get the value of the ‘Name‘ column in the DataReader
readerData.Append(dataReader["Name"]);
readerData.Append(Environment.NewLine);
}
}
return readerData.ToString();
} 執(zhí)行存儲(chǔ)過程并傳遞參數(shù),返回DataSetpublic DataSet GetProductsInCategory(int Category)
{
// Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
// default database service is determined through configuration.
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "GetProductsByCategory";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
// Retrieve products from the specified category.
db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);
// DataSet that will hold the returned results
DataSet productsDataSet = null;
productsDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);
// Note: connection was closed by ExecuteDataSet method call
return productsDataSet;
} 利用DataSet更新數(shù)據(jù)public int UpdateProducts()
{
// Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
// default database service is determined through configuration.
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DataSet productsDataSet = new DataSet();
string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " +
"From Products";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
string productsTable = "Products";
// Retrieve the initial data
db.LoadDataSet(dbCommand, productsDataSet, productsTable);
// Get the table that will be modified
DataTable table = productsDataSet.Tables[productsTable];
// Add a new product to existing DataSet
DataRow addedRow = table.Rows.Add(new object[] {DBNull.Value, "New product", 11, 25});
// Modify an existing product
table.Rows[0]["ProductName"] = "Modified product";
// Establish our Insert, Delete, and Update commands
DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct");
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current);
DbCommand deleteCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("DeleteProduct");
db.AddInParameter(deleteCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);
DbCommand updateCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("UpdateProduct");
db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "LastUpdate", DbType.DateTime, "LastUpdate", DataRowVersion.Current);
// Submit the DataSet, capturing the number of rows that were affected
int rowsAffected = db.UpdateDataSet(productsDataSet, "Products", insertCommand, updateCommand,
deleteCommand, UpdateBehavior.Standard);
return rowsAffected;
} 通過ID獲取記錄詳細(xì)信息public string GetProductDetails(int productID)
{
// Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
// default database service is determined through configuration.
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
// Add paramters
// Input parameters can specify the input value
db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, productID);
// Output parameters specify the size of the return data
db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50);
db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8);
db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);
// Row of data is captured via output parameters
string results = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0}, {1}, {2:C} ",
db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductID"),
db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductName"),
db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "UnitPrice"));
return results;
} 以XML格式返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)public string GetProductList()
{
// Use a named database instance that refers to a SQL Server database.
SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase() as SqlDatabase;
// Use "FOR XML AUTO" to have SQL return XML data
string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " +
"From Products FOR XML AUTO";
DbCommand dbCommand = dbSQL.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
XmlReader productsReader = null;
StringBuilder productList = new StringBuilder();
try
{
productsReader = dbSQL.ExecuteXmlReader(dbCommand);
// Iterate through the XmlReader and put the data into our results.
while (!productsReader.EOF)
{
if (productsReader.IsStartElement())
{
productList.Append(productsReader.ReadOuterXml());
productList.Append(Environment.NewLine);
}
}
}
finally
{
// Close the Reader.
if (productsReader != null)
{
productsReader.Close();
}
// Explicitly close the connection. The connection is not closed
// when the XmlReader is closed.
if (dbCommand.Connection != null)
{
dbCommand.Connection.Close();
}
}
return productList.ToString();
} 使用事務(wù)public bool Transfer(int transactionAmount, int sourceAccount, int destinationAccount)
{
bool result = false;
// Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
// default database service is determined through configuration.
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
// Two operations, one to credit an account, and one to debit another
// account.
string sqlCommand = "CreditAccount";
DbCommand creditCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, sourceAccount);
db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);
sqlCommand = "DebitAccount";
DbCommand debitCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, destinationAccount);
db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);
using (DbConnection connection = db.CreateConnection())
{
connection.Open();
DbTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();
try
{
// Credit the first account
db.ExecuteNonQuery(creditCommand, transaction);
// Debit the second account
db.ExecuteNonQuery(debitCommand, transaction);
// Commit the transaction
transaction.Commit();
result = true;
}
catch
{
// Rollback transaction
transaction.Rollback();
}
connection.Close();
return result;
}
} 三.常見功能
1.創(chuàng)建Database對(duì)象
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)默認(rèn)的Database對(duì)象
Database dbSvc = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); 默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫在配置文件中:
<dataConfiguration defaultDatabase="DataAccessQuickStart" /> 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例Database對(duì)象
// Use a named database instance that refers to an arbitrary database type,
// which is determined by configuration information.
Database myDb = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart"); 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)具體的類型的數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)象// Create a SQL database.
SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart") as SqlDatabase; 2.創(chuàng)建DbCommand對(duì)象
靜態(tài)的SQL語句創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DbCommand
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, LastName, FirstName From Customers";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); 存儲(chǔ)過程創(chuàng)建一個(gè)DbCommandDatabase db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory"); 3.管理對(duì)象
當(dāng)連接對(duì)象打開后,不需要再次連接
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName From Products";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
// No need to open the connection; just make the call.
DataSet customerDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 使用Using及早釋放對(duì)象Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand("Select Name, Address From Customers");
using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))
{
// Process results
} 4.參數(shù)處理
Database類提供了如下的方法,用于參數(shù)的處理:
AddParameter. 傳遞參數(shù)給存儲(chǔ)過程
AddInParameter. 傳遞輸入?yún)?shù)給存儲(chǔ)過程
AddOutParameter. 傳遞輸出參數(shù)給存儲(chǔ)過程
GetParameterValue. 得到指定參數(shù)的值
SetParameterValue. 設(shè)定參數(shù)值
使用示例如下:
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails";
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, 5);
db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50);
db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8); Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct");
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current);
db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current); 四.使用場景
DAAB2.0是對(duì)ADO.NET2.0的補(bǔ)充,它允許你使用相同的數(shù)據(jù)訪問代碼來支持不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫,您通過改變配置文件就在不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫之間切換。目前雖然只提供SQLServer和Oracle的支持,但是可以通過GenericDatabase和ADO.NET 2.0下的DbProviderFactory對(duì)象來增加對(duì)其他數(shù)據(jù)庫的支持。如果想要編寫出來的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問程序具有更好的移植性,則DAAB2.0是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,但是如果您想要針對(duì)特定數(shù)據(jù)庫的特性進(jìn)行編程,就要用ADO.NET了。
參考:Enterprise Libaray –January 2006幫助文檔及QuickStart