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完形填空屬于綜合能力應(yīng)用類題型，是高考的必考題型。完形填空在高考試卷中是拉開考生得分的一道關(guān)鍵題型，因此掌握完形填空的解題技巧對(duì)考生而言尤為重要。
通過主旨大意解題
在完形填空題中，理解主旨大意十分重要，正確把握主旨大意有助于考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的正確理解，特別是長(zhǎng)難句的分析和突破可以幫助考生提高解題的正確率。完形填空題的第一句往往不設(shè)空，這句話一般是文章的主題句，考生在解題時(shí)一定不要忽略首句的內(nèi)容。
【典例】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常規(guī)) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all 42(ages)．
41．A. principle B. Habit C. way D. power
【分析】 A 根據(jù)首句信息可知，這里是指”當(dāng)各種活動(dòng)變成常規(guī)的時(shí)候都會(huì)讓人厭倦”這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則。principle”原則，準(zhǔn)則”；habit”習(xí)慣”；way”方式”；power”權(quán)力”。由首句的信息再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，A選項(xiàng)正確。
通過文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇信息常滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)。有些選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置與文化背景相關(guān)，這就要求考生有較寬的知識(shí)面，同時(shí)要具備一定的文化意識(shí)，特別是要有對(duì)英語國家文化的敏感性和鑒別力，只有這樣才能既快速又準(zhǔn)確地解題。
通過復(fù)現(xiàn)詞解題
這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的異形的復(fù)現(xiàn)。這類試題主要是考查考生的整體篇章意識(shí)和對(duì)上下文的推斷能力。
【典例】In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __1__ are the friendly, people－loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk tales they are __2__ and cause much human suffering.
1．A. babies B. Beliefs C. fairies D. supermen
2．A. powerful B. Cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【分析】 1.C 根據(jù)空前的”a belief in fairies”可知，此處選C。屬于原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。
2．B 根據(jù)空格后的”suffering”可知，此處選B。屬于異形近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。
通過瞻前信息解題
該解法要求重點(diǎn)聯(lián)系空前的信息。這種情況多出現(xiàn)在文章展開之后，這時(shí)前文已經(jīng)含有豐富的語境信息，它們可能和后面的設(shè)空處有邏輯的或語境的聯(lián)系，這樣空前的信息就成為解題的根據(jù)。解題時(shí)一定要善于捕捉這些重要的信息。
【典例】That's especially impressive, ____1(since) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom__3(noticed) that even though she couldn't see __4__， she was fearless.
4．A. deeply B. Well C. ahead D. closely
【分析】 B 根據(jù)上文中的”she is legally blind”和”She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are”可知，她的視力不好。
通過顧后信息解題
完形填空在命題的過程中，上下文情節(jié)的發(fā)展都會(huì)有這樣或那樣的關(guān)系，這些關(guān)系是選擇正確選項(xiàng)的重要根據(jù)，考生需要依據(jù)空格后的相關(guān)信息，做出正確的選擇。
【典例】For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43(playing) with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45(same) toys can be found put away in the basement.
44．A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
【分析】 B confidence”信心”；interest”興趣”；anxiety”焦慮”；sorrow”悲傷”。根據(jù)空格后的”those __45(same)__ toys...in the basement”可知，那些他們?cè)?jīng)很喜歡的玩具都被放在地下室里了。故此處表示他們對(duì)新玩具的興趣逐漸消失了。
通過邏輯關(guān)系解題
邏輯連接詞在文中起著銜接與連貫的重要作用，可以表達(dá)文中的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。這種題型是高考中的難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗枰忌休^強(qiáng)的邏輯判斷能力以及對(duì)文章的整體把握能力。
【典例】All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __1__， I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
1．A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【分析】 B 根據(jù)空格前的”luckily”和空格后的”I still felt it a little hard”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。therefore”因此”；however”然而”；otherwise”否則”；finally”最后”。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。
通過固定搭配解題
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，掌握詞組和短語的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命題中，通常會(huì)涉及固定短語的搭配，如動(dòng)詞短語、介詞短語等，考生需要運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯知識(shí)，結(jié)合綜合語用能力對(duì)相關(guān)試題進(jìn)行突破。
【典例】 But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __34__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg...
34．A. put away B. taken over
C. turned in D. applied for
【分析】 D 根據(jù)第一句Charlotte的診所一直是無證營業(yè)可知，此處表示她一直在申請(qǐng)(applied for)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。put away”將……收起，把……放回原處”，take over”接管”，turn in”上交”，均不符合語境。
通過生活常識(shí)解題
完形填空題所選的文章多是具有一定故事情節(jié)和教育意義的記敘文，這些文章都貼近考生的生活，這樣就會(huì)涉及對(duì)生活常識(shí)的考查，所以在解題時(shí)，考生需要根據(jù)生活常識(shí)選出答案。
【典例】They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay__43__ in the dark until the winds died away.
43．A. shaking B. Quarrelling C. mourning D. aching
【分析】 A 根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者一家人在車上躺著，人隨著卡車在晃動(dòng)，因此選A表示”搖動(dòng)，(使)顫動(dòng)”。
通過語法分析解題
對(duì)語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查也是完形填空題的重要命題角度。對(duì)于這種題，要有針對(duì)性地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、句子成分等進(jìn)行分析，從而迅速解決問題。
【典例】__1__ do you suppose he asked for them?
1．A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【分析】 B 本題中，do you suppose為插入成分。he asked for them是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)該用副詞How來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞asked，而不能用代詞What, Who或Which。
總之，通過對(duì)以上各種解題技巧的解讀，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，完形填空的解題是有規(guī)律可循的?？偟膩砜?，這些規(guī)律可概括為：上下求索找信息、深思熟慮辨邏輯、左顧右盼選搭配、前思后想靠常識(shí)。
Eight of nine Ebola patients who've been treated in the U.S. have survived the dangerous virus. That includes Dr.Craig Spencer. Officials say he's cured of the disease less than a month after he was diagnosed with it.
美國9名埃博拉患者中的8人都已治愈，其中包括克雷格·斯賓塞醫(yī)生。官員稱斯賓塞在被確診后不到一月就已治愈。
Dr. Spencer had contracted Ebola while treating victims in Guinea, but he didn't show symptoms until after he'd gotten back home to New York.
斯賓塞醫(yī)生在治療幾內(nèi)亞患者時(shí)感染病毒，但直到返回紐約才出現(xiàn)癥狀。
At this time, there are no other people in the U.S. with the hemorrhagic fever. That's not the case in Africa. In this year's outbreak, more than 13,000 Ebola cases have been reported, half of those who've gotten it in Africa have died.
這時(shí)美國其他人并未患出血熱。非洲卻大相徑庭。據(jù)報(bào)道，今年疫情爆發(fā)時(shí)，非洲有1.3萬多名埃博拉患者，而其中一半感染者已經(jīng)死亡。
In a region desperate for good news, some progress in the fight against the Ebola epidemic. At treatment centers in Liberia,there are more empty beds and fewer burials. A sign that the number of cases is down.
這個(gè)地區(qū)迫切需要好消息，而應(yīng)對(duì)埃博拉疫情的行動(dòng)取得了進(jìn)展。利比里亞治療中心出現(xiàn)更多空床位，葬禮也漸少。這表明病患數(shù)量在下降。
The surprising slowdown was confirmed by the World Health Organization. Health officials say they are cautiously optimistic, but warn against declaring a premature victory.
世衛(wèi)組織已確認(rèn)這個(gè)驚人的下降趨勢(shì)。衛(wèi)生官員稱他們?nèi)灾?jǐn)慎樂觀，警告稱尚未戰(zhàn)勝疾病。
This are slowing down. But are we there yet? No. Do we need to do more? Yes.
這正在下降。但我們已經(jīng)成功了嗎？不。我們需要做更多嗎？是的。
Even more treatment centers are being built, as international aid continues to arrive in the region.
隨著國際援助抵達(dá)該地，更多治療中心正在建設(shè)。
We just entered the high risk area in Monrovia medical unit.
我們剛進(jìn)入蒙羅維亞醫(yī)療單位的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。
This one of the kind treatment center built by U.S. troops is set to open. U.S. health workers have been training extensively at the 25 bed facility to trade medical workers infected with the virus.
這個(gè)美軍建立的治療中心即將開放。這里有25張床，美國衛(wèi)生工作者們一直在加緊訓(xùn)練，以防感染病毒。
A different scene in neighboring Sierra Leone where the number of Ebola cases continues to climb. Treatment centers in Freetown are still crowded with the sick.
鄰國塞拉利昂則截然不同，埃博拉病患繼續(xù)攀升。弗里敦治療中心仍擠滿了病人。
And outside the capital, aid workers are busy delivering food to rural villages that remain under quarantine.
首都外，救援人員正忙著遞送食物至受隔離的偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村。
And in Ghana, West African leaders were screened with the laser thermometer for signs of the virus as they gather to talk about how to fight the epidemic. They say despite some short term gains, economies in the hardest hit nations are still suffering, and much more international help is needed.
在加納，聚在一起談?wù)撊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)這種流行病的西非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正接受激光溫度計(jì)掃描，以檢查是否患病。他們稱，盡管短期內(nèi)收到效果，但這個(gè)疫情國的經(jīng)濟(jì)仍受到重創(chuàng)，需要更多的國際援助。
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