據(jù)英國(guó)《每日郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，黑洞一直以來(lái)被看作是一種一旦進(jìn)入就無(wú)法逃脫的“永久監(jiān)獄”，但根據(jù)霍金的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)并非如此。
著名物理學(xué)家史蒂芬·霍金在哈佛大學(xué)黑洞倡議的開(kāi)幕式上發(fā)表了最新看法，并提出會(huì)特別關(guān)注黑洞研究。
霍金在哈佛大學(xué)桑德斯劇院發(fā)布了有關(guān)黑洞的新理論——信息可以通過(guò)黑洞放出的輻射粒子進(jìn)行逃逸，甚至人類(lèi)也能逃脫。霍金說(shuō)，根據(jù)他的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑洞并非只是吞噬物質(zhì)。除了在星系形成的過(guò)程中扮演重要角色外，在經(jīng)過(guò)一段相當(dāng)漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間后，黑洞也會(huì)把一些曾被它吸入的物質(zhì)信息向外界釋放出來(lái)。如果你感覺(jué)你進(jìn)入了黑洞，不要放棄，一定有辦法可以出來(lái)。
為了讓聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)得更明白，他還打了一個(gè)比方：“這就好比是燒掉一本百科全書(shū)后，如果把紙灰完整地留存下來(lái)，嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有失去任何信息，但是想要查詢(xún)具體的條目就會(huì)變得非常困難?！?/p>
在演講中，霍金解釋了他的新理論：“我認(rèn)為信息并不像人們預(yù)想的一樣儲(chǔ)存在黑洞內(nèi)部，而是儲(chǔ)存在事件視界?！彼^事件視界，也就是黑洞最外層的邊界，經(jīng)過(guò)事件視界的所有物質(zhì)都會(huì)被吸入黑洞。
布法羅大學(xué)的物理學(xué)教授德?lián)P·斯托伊科維奇表示信息進(jìn)入黑洞并不是丟了，只是消失了一段時(shí)間。他還認(rèn)為這種信息消失有可能是粒子之間相互轉(zhuǎn)化的結(jié)果，這種粒子雖然微小得被大多數(shù)科學(xué)家忽略不計(jì)，但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們不斷長(zhǎng)大，足以改變事件的結(jié)果。
Black holes could be a portal to another universe and are not an 'eternal prison' says Stephen Hawking
Black holes have long been regarded as ‘eternal prisons’ for all that is sucked into their depths.
But according to Stephen Hawking, there may be a way out.
The world renowned theoretical physicist explained these concepts at the inauguration of Harvard’s Black Hole Initiative on Monday, launching the program that will focus specifically on black hole research.
The lecture was held at Harvard’s Sanders Theatre, where Hawking spoke for a crowd of more than 1,000 people.
Hawking is the director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge in England, and over the past few years has revealed his theories on the ‘lost’ information that gets sucked into black holes.
He suggests this information may be stored in alternate universes, and may not be gone forever as is typically believed.
Through the Black Hole Initiative, Harvard experts will join forces to ‘cultivate a sort of culture of people interested in black holes,’ said Chair of the Harvard Department of Astronomy Avi Loeb, The Harvard Crimson reports.
This will allow faculty along with undergraduate and graduate students to participate in research and workshops on black holes.
In the lecture, Hawking also discussed the recent discovery of gravitational waves.
Revealed in February, the theoretical cosmologist says the breakthrough provided some of the first solid evidence of the existence of black holes, according to The Boston Globe.
‘Black holes aren’t the eternal prisons they were once thought,’ he reminded the audience on Monday.
‘So if you feel you’re in a black hole, don’t give up. There’s a way out.’
The theoretical physicist likened the return of information to a burned encyclopaedia, where information wouldn’t technically be lost, but would be incredibly hard to decipher.
This lecture follows the recent launch of Hawking’s $100m project, a collaboration with Russian billionaire Yuri Milner and Mark Zuckerberg, called Breakthrough Starshot.
The team has designed a project that on tiny so-called 'nanocraft' flying on sails pushed by beams of light through the universe.
They will travel to the Alpha Centauri star system 25 trillion miles (4.37 light years) away on a twenty year mission to look for alien life.
Stephen Hawking isn't the only expert who thinks black holes don't delete the information they 'swallow'.
Dejan Stojkovic, an associate professor of physics at the University at Buffalo believes interactions between particles emitted by black holes could reveal what lies inside them.
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