誰都知道寫作文句式單調(diào)不是好事，但卻很少有人能參透到底怎樣才能讓句子豐富多樣。傳說中的句式多樣化一直高深莫測，讓考生們想當(dāng)郁悶。
如果你的寫作單項(xiàng)目標(biāo)是6.5 或者7 分的話，請把下面這些劍橋范文變化句式的不宣之秘熟練掌握并且積極使用。對于只需要6 分的同學(xué)，如果今天還不是很累，也不妨很快地看看以便有個印象。
A 句首狀語提前
雅思寫作里狀語提前是一種相當(dāng)拿分的句式，遺憾的是很多同學(xué)卻沒有意識到：
所謂狀語提前就是把一個由副詞、介詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或動詞不定式形成的小短語放在句首。
這種句式最大的好處就是在一堆長句子里突然出現(xiàn)一個短語，讓句子產(chǎn)生一種長短結(jié)合的節(jié)奏感。
劍橋考官范文中的狀語提前可以用“海量”一詞來形容，請大家認(rèn)真體會下面的劍橋例句中放在句首的狀語所產(chǎn)生的效果：
Because it is more likely（更有可能的） now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school（幼兒園，與nursing home 不同） when they are much younger.
Unfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society, are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement.
In addition to the financial benefits, some jobs bring intellectual rewards（智力上的回報(bào)）.（in addition to…在地道的英式英語中也用apart from…來代替）
Oddly enough（奇怪的是，類似也可以寫strangely enough）, most people seem to enjoy saying which ones are bad, and then say some are slightly better.
The consumption of food and clothing came down after 1980. Similarly, fuel prices fell quite considerably.
In terms of（就……而言） technology, their adult world will be changing constantly.
Struggling in poverty, people in these countries believe international aid is essential and should be continued.（分詞放在句首）
B 句中插入短語
同樣的道理，在雅思作文中，句子中間也經(jīng)?？梢砸胍粋€小短語，讓長句子顯得更加靈活，請看下面的例句：
This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any economic plan.
Sports stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation.
C 句尾用短語結(jié)束
劍橋范文中有時也會在一句話的結(jié)尾安插一個小短語，給過長的句子增添一點(diǎn)“親和力”。例如：
A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.（請注意respect 在這里不是“尊敬”的意思，而是指“某方面”，也可以用in this regard 來表達(dá)）
A sense of fulfillment (成就感） is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to society or the economy as a whole.
A child will learn to interact with different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this.
D 善用副詞
副詞在英語中可以用來修飾形容詞、動詞甚至全句。由于其用法的高度靈活性，劍橋考官頻頻用副詞來豐富自己的句式。請看下面的實(shí)例：
It often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified（站得住腳的） by the amount of work they do.
Teachers continually（持續(xù)地） complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat（解決） the situation.
A product's success cannot be solely（僅僅） attributed to its advertising.
Some people may argue that such new technology can help children to develop physically, intellectually, and emotionally.
Ideally, all the weapons of mass destruction should be eliminated（消除，消滅）, but in reality, the elimination of such weapons would cause serious national security concerns.
在雅思作文中涉及討論某問題的解決方案的時候經(jīng)常會寫“從理論上講……但事實(shí)
上……”，對應(yīng)的地道英文表達(dá)有：in theory, /theoretically, /hypothetically.… But in practice,/but in actuality,/but realistically,…
E 倒裝句
這種語法現(xiàn)象很多同學(xué)都學(xué)過，但卻往往忘記在雅思作文中使用。不過考官們可從來沒忘記：
Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.
Strange as it may seem, parents' attention sometimes hinders（阻礙） students' academic development.
Equally important to success in learning a foreign language is constant
attention to details.
Be it Clint Eastwood, David Beckham or Gordon Brown, one individual cannot have done all alone what seems to have been achieved by himself.（這里的be it…是一種很特殊的倒裝形式，即使是指人也用it，意思是：不管是……，在英式英語中時?？梢姡?/p>
F 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
用it is … that … 或者it is … Who … 這兩種強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，類似于中文的“正是……導(dǎo)致……”的意思。請看例句：
It is the interaction（相互影響） of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops.
However, it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries. (請注意這個例句里的those who 中的這個who 并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志詞，后一個who 才是。是不是聽起來有點(diǎn)像繞口令，汗…….)
G 虛擬語氣
使用虛擬語氣是比較高的要求，但其實(shí)說白了就是用過去的時態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在或者將來的事情，表示語氣弱化。在雅思作文中提建議的時候，虛擬語氣相當(dāng)常用。
下面都是虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用實(shí)例：
Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.
If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born. (請注意在虛擬語氣中，this 和that 后面都用were 而不是was)
H 長短句結(jié)合
如果一篇文章里全都是超級無敵長難句，將可能會讓考官的心情變得十分沉重。長短句結(jié)合反而會讓閱讀你的文章變成一種享受。
請看劍橋范文是如何為我們提供這種“享受”的：
There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide certain cases of exemptions(赦免).
Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.
Of course, not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In some cases, an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality.
I 主被動交替
在國外大學(xué)里，一些有潔癖的“叫獸”們非常反對在學(xué)術(shù)文章中使用被動語態(tài)。但對
雅思作文這種比較短小的essay 來說，被動語態(tài)仍然是實(shí)現(xiàn)句式多樣化的好方法之一。
請看考官范文中的被動形式例句：
Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty(忠誠)to a team.
Such professionals should be much better appreciated and better paid.
In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.
當(dāng)然，也要注意不要過度使用被動語態(tài)。在雅思作文中被動形式只能是“小菜”，而“大餐”則仍然是主動語態(tài)。
J 詞性轉(zhuǎn)變
劍橋的范文作為IELTS 范文中的極品，經(jīng)常會使用同一個單詞的不同形式來獲得多樣的效果。認(rèn)真發(fā)掘后發(fā)現(xiàn)劍橋范文中的詞性改變方法竟然達(dá)到了三種：
（1）請認(rèn)真比較：
變形前：
People are concerned(擔(dān)心) because traditional values are gradually disappearing.
變形后：
People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of traditional values.
（2）請認(rèn)真比較：
變形前：
Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their responsibilities as parents.
變形后：
Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their parental responsibilities.
說明：
-al 是英文里一個常見的詞匯后綴。雖然有少數(shù)不是形容詞的特性（比如denial 是一個名詞，而professional 有時候也可以當(dāng)成名詞來使用），但大多數(shù)用-al 結(jié)尾的單詞都是形容詞。下面這幾個詞也是以-al 結(jié)尾的形容詞，在雅思作文中相當(dāng)常用：environmental, governmental, societal (比social 正式，在書面語中很常用)，biological 和technological。
(3)請認(rèn)真比較：
變形前：
Telecommuting(在家遠(yuǎn)程上班)can bring numerous benefits(n.) to both employees and employers.
變形后1：
Both employees and employers can benefit from telecommuting.
變形后2：
Telecommuting is beneficial to both employees and employers.
變形后3：
Both employees and employers can be beneficiaries（受益者） of telecommuting.
這一組則是在名詞、動詞、形容詞和名詞的派生詞之間進(jìn)行的游刃有余的轉(zhuǎn)換。類似的也可以有There is a difference(n.) between…—> be different(adj.) from —>differ(vi.) from 這樣的連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)換。
K 通過比較制造變化
劍橋范文中還經(jīng)常通過比較不同事物來調(diào)動一些特殊句型，比如too…to…（太……而不能……）；The + 比較級, the +比較級等。這些句型大家早就學(xué)過，但卻“不屑”于在雅思寫作文中使用，而在這方面，劍橋考官們卻是絕對的實(shí)用主義者。
請看劍橋?qū)嵗?/p>
For example, the population of some islands is too small to have normal schools.
Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities（當(dāng)局）have been able to use the Internet to deliver（輸送） schooling.
The more relaxed the learners, the better their language acquisition（語言習(xí)得）.（這個特殊句式的一大特色是可以省略掉句中的謂語）
