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Java & XML學(xué)習(xí)筆記
1、需要軟件
   java,解析器(例如Xerces),API(例如SAX,DOM)
2、SAX機(jī)制
1)解析
    String xmlURI = "c:/test.xml";
    String vendorParserClass = "org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser";
    XMLReaer reader = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader(vendorParserClass);

InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(xmlURI);
reader.parse(inputSource);

    這樣一個(gè)xml文檔解析過(guò)程就完成了。因?yàn)镾AX是采用時(shí)間處理機(jī)制來(lái)解析XML
    文檔的，在解析過(guò)程中會(huì)觸發(fā)一些事件，也就是執(zhí)行特定的方法，你可以實(shí)現(xiàn)
    這些方法，就可以通過(guò)解析xml來(lái)做一些事情了
2)處理
    SAX2.0定義的核心處理接口一共有
    org.xml.sax.ContentHandler
    org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler
    org.xml.sax.DTDHandler
    org.xml.sax.EntityResolver
    這些接口是通過(guò)
    org.xml.sax.XMLReader的setContentHandler(),setEroorHandler(),
    setDTDHandler(),setEntityHandler()注冊(cè)到解析器，這里面最重要的是
    org.xml.sax.ContentHandler接口，它具體如下
    public interface ContentHandler{
        public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator);
public void startDocument() throws SAXException;
public void endDocument() throws SAXException;
public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix,String uri)
        throws SAXException;
public void endPrefixMapping(String prifix)
        throws SAXException;
public void startElement(String namespaceURI,String localName,
        String qName,Attributes atts) throws SAXException;
public void endElement(String namespaceURI,String localName,
        String qName) throws SAXException;
public void characters(char ch[],int start,int length)
        throws SAXException;
public void ignorableWhitespace(char ch[],int start,int length)
        throws SAXException;
public void processingInstruction(String target,String data)
        throws SAXException;
public void skippedEntity(String name)
        throws SAXException;
    }
    通過(guò)setContentHandler()將你實(shí)現(xiàn)的ContentHandler注冊(cè)給XMLReader之后，
    在解析過(guò)程中，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)各種條件執(zhí)行接口中的方法，下面簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明一下
    1)文檔定位器
       private Locator locator;

       public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator){
           this.locator = locator;
       }

       通常情況下，你只要如此實(shí)現(xiàn)就可以了，這個(gè)主要是得到當(dāng)前解析的位置，
       通過(guò)得到的locator，你可以使用它的getLineNumber(),getColumnName()等
       方法，可以得到文檔當(dāng)前的位置，但要注意的是，這個(gè)locator不能保存，只
       針對(duì)當(dāng)前的解析有效
    2)文檔的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾
      public void startDocument() throws SAXException{
         //解析過(guò)程中僅位于setDocumentLocator()方法后調(diào)用
      }
      public void endDocument() throws SAXException{
         //解析過(guò)程中最后調(diào)用
      }

      大多數(shù)情況下你可以不用理他們，只要寫(xiě)個(gè)空方法就可以了
    3)名字空間的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束
      public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix,String uri)
      throws SAXException{
      }
      public void endPrefixMapping(String prifix)
      throws SAXException{
      }
    4)元素的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束
      public void startElement(String namespaceURI,String localName,
      String qName,Attributes atts) throws SAXException{
      }
      public void endElement(String namespaceURI,String localName,
      String qName) throws SAXException{
      }
    5)元素的數(shù)據(jù)
      public void characters(char ch[],int start,int length)
      throws SAXException{
      String s = new String(ch,start,length);
      }
      這個(gè)是得到當(dāng)前的元素的文本數(shù)據(jù)
    6)可以忽略的空白
      public void ignorableWhitespace(char ch[],int start,int length)
      throws SAXException{
      }
    7)實(shí)體
      public void skippedEntity(String name)
        throws SAXException{
      }
    8)指令處理
      public void processingInstruction(String target,String data)
      throws SAXException{
      }
3)例子：這個(gè)是從Java & XML 中復(fù)制過(guò)來(lái)的，
/*
* Created on 2004-11-30
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
package javaxml2;

/**
* @author yuangfang
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.tree.*;

public class SAXTreeViewer extends JFrame{

private String vendorParserClass = "org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser";

private JTree jTree;
DefaultTreeModel defaultTreeModel;

public SAXTreeViewer(){
  super("SAX Tree Viewer");
  setSize(600,450);
}

public void init(String xmlURI) throws IOException,SAXException{
  DefaultMutableTreeNode base = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("XML Document:" + xmlURI);
  defaultTreeModel = new DefaultTreeModel(base);
  jTree = new JTree(defaultTreeModel);

  buildTree(defaultTreeModel,base,xmlURI);
  getContentPane().add(new JScrollPane(jTree),BorderLayout.CENTER);

}

public void buildTree(DefaultTreeModel treeModel,DefaultMutableTreeNode base,String xmlURI)
throws IOException,SAXException{

  String featureURI = "";
  try{
   XMLReader reader = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader(vendorParserClass);

   ContentHandler jTreeContentHandler = new JTreeContentHandler(treeModel,base);
   ErrorHandler jTreeErrorHandler = new JTreeErrorHandler();

   reader.setContentHandler(jTreeContentHandler);
   reader.setErrorHandler(jTreeErrorHandler);
   reader.setEntityResolver(new SimpleEntityResolver());

   featureURI = "   reader.setFeature(featureURI,true);

   featureURI = "   setNamespaceProcessing(reader,true);

   featureURI = "   reader.setFeature(featureURI,true);

   featureURI = "   reader.setFeature(featureURI,false);

   InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(xmlURI);
   reader.parse(inputSource);
  }
  catch(SAXNotRecognizedException e){
   System.out.println("The parse class " + vendorParserClass
     + " does not recognize the feature URI " + featureURI);
   System.exit(0);
  }
  catch(SAXNotSupportedException e){
   System.out.println("The parser class " + vendorParserClass +
     " does not support the feature URI " + featureURI);
  }
}

private void setNamespaceProcessing(XMLReader reader,boolean state)
throws SAXNotSupportedException,SAXNotRecognizedException
{
  reader.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces",state);
  reader.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes",!state);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
  try{
   if(args.length != 1){
    System.out.println("Usage:Java javaxml2.SAXTreeViewer " + "[XML Document URI]");
    System.exit(0);
   }
   SAXTreeViewer viewer = new SAXTreeViewer();
   viewer.init(args[0]);
   viewer.setVisible(true);
  }catch(Exception e)
  {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
}
}

class JTreeContentHandler implements ContentHandler,LexicalHandler{
private DefaultTreeModel treeModel;

private DefaultMutableTreeNode current;

private Locator locator;

private Map namespaceMappings;

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#comment(char[], int, int)
*/
public void comment(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#endCDATA()
*/
public void endCDATA() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#endDTD()
*/
public void endDTD() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#endEntity(java.lang.String)
*/
public void endEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        current = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)current.getParent();
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#startCDATA()
*/
public void startCDATA() throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#startDTD(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public void startDTD(String name, String publicId, String systemId)
   throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  System.out.println("start DTD");
  DefaultMutableTreeNode dtdReference = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("DTD for ‘" + name + "‘");
  if(publicId != null)
  {
   DefaultMutableTreeNode publicIDNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Public ID: " + publicId + "‘");
   dtdReference.add(publicIDNode);
  }
  if(systemId != null)
  {
   DefaultMutableTreeNode systemIDNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("System ID: " + systemId + "‘");
   dtdReference.add(systemIDNode);
  }
  current.add(dtdReference);
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler#startEntity(java.lang.String)
*/
public void startEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  DefaultMutableTreeNode entity = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Entity: ‘" + name + "‘");
  current.add(entity);
  current = entity;
}
public JTreeContentHandler(DefaultTreeModel treeModel,DefaultMutableTreeNode base)
{
  this.treeModel = treeModel;
  this.current = base;
  this.namespaceMappings = new HashMap();
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#setDocumentLocator(org.xml.sax.Locator)
*/
public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  this.locator = locator;

}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startDocument()
*/
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("start document");
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#endDocument()
*/
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("end document");
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startPrefixMapping(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  namespaceMappings.put(uri,prefix);
  System.out.println("start PrefixMapping " + prefix);
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#endPrefixMapping(java.lang.String)
*/
public void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  for(Iterator i = namespaceMappings.keySet().iterator();i.hasNext();)
  {
   String uri = (String) i.next();
   String thisPrefix = (String)namespaceMappings.get(uri);
   if(prefix.equals(thisPrefix)){
    namespaceMappings.remove(uri);
    break;
   }
  }
  System.out.println("end PrefixMapping " + prefix);
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startElement(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, org.xml.sax.Attributes)
*/
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes atts) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  DefaultMutableTreeNode element = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Element: " + localName + " at line " + locator.getLineNumber());
  current.add(element);
  current = element;

  if(uri.length() > 0)
  {
   String prefix = (String)namespaceMappings.get(uri);
   if(prefix.equals("")){
    prefix = "[None]";
   }
   DefaultMutableTreeNode namespace = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Namespace: prefix = ‘" +
     prefix + "‘,URI = ‘" + uri + "‘");
   current.add(namespace);
  }

  for(int i = 0;i<atts.getLength();i++)
  {
   DefaultMutableTreeNode attribute = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Attribute (name = ‘" +
     atts.getLocalName(i) + "‘,value = ‘" + atts.getValue(i) + "‘)");
   String attURI = atts.getURI(i);
   if(attURI.length() > 0)
   {
    String attPrefix = (String)namespaceMappings.get(attURI);
    if(attPrefix.equals("")){
     attPrefix = "[None]";
    }
    DefaultMutableTreeNode attNamespace = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Namespace: prefix = ‘" +
      attPrefix + "‘,URI = ‘" + attURI + "‘");
    attribute.add(attNamespace);
   }
   current.add(attribute);
  }
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#endElement(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
current = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)current.getParent();
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#characters(char[], int, int)
*/
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  String s = new String(ch,start,length);
  DefaultMutableTreeNode data = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Character Data: ‘" + s + "‘");
  current.add(data);
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#ignorableWhitespace(char[], int, int)
*/
public void ignorableWhitespace(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#processingInstruction(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public void processingInstruction(String target, String data) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  DefaultMutableTreeNode pi = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("PI (target = ‘"
    + target + "‘, data = ‘" + data + "‘)");
  current.add(pi);
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#skippedEntity(java.lang.String)
*/
public void skippedEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  DefaultMutableTreeNode skipped = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Skipped Entity: ‘" + name + "‘");
  current.add(skipped);
}
}

class JTreeErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler{

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler#warning(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException)
*/
public void warning(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  System.out.println("**Parsing Warning**\n" +
               " Line:   " +
                  exception.getLineNumber() + "\n" +
               " URI:    " +
                  exception.getSystemId() + "\n" +
               " Message:" +
                  exception.getMessage());
  throw new SAXException("Warning encountered");
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler#error(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException)
*/
public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  System.out.println("**Parsing Error**\n" +
             " Line:   " +
                exception.getLineNumber() + "\n" +
             " URI:    " +
                exception.getSystemId() + "\n" +
             " Message:" +
                exception.getMessage());
       throw new SAXException("Error encounted");
}

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