剛月考完是不是沒(méi)有意識(shí)到期中考試還有2周就要來(lái)臨啦~？你是不是還不知道怎么復(fù)習(xí)？
不知道從哪開(kāi)始復(fù)習(xí)？？
沒(méi)關(guān)系，那就跟著劉老師的期中復(fù)習(xí)帖一起沖刺期中考試吧！8BU1知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析8BU2知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析8BU3知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析8BU4知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析期中單元復(fù)習(xí)貼就更新到這啦！后期附上各區(qū)期中試卷，敬請(qǐng)期待！?。?/strong>8BU4知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析
說(shuō)文解詞：
1.單詞
1. continue vt.&vi. 繼續(xù)
(1)continue to do sth＝continue doing sth，意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。
(2)continue可用作連系動(dòng)詞，其后接形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。
2. manage vt.&vi. 設(shè)法完成；管理
(1)manage 常與can, could, be able to連用。
(2)manage to do sth意為“設(shè)法做成某事”。
3. return vt. 歸還
(1)return 意為“歸還”，后直接加物，不加介詞to, 也不再接back，相當(dāng)于give…back。
(2)return 還可譯為“返回；回報(bào)；回應(yīng)；申報(bào)”。
4. experience n. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)
(1)experience 作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；作“經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。
(2)experience v. 經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)；感受
(3)experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 be experienced in doing
5. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太陽(yáng)、月亮)升起→反義詞set
⑵(水)漲高
⑶(物價(jià))上漲
【區(qū)別】⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.舉起；升起，籌集
2. 短語(yǔ)
1. hold a microphone拿著麥克風(fēng)
2. Congratulations!祝賀你！congratulations在向別人表示祝賀、祝福時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。
3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被選作…
be chosen to do sth被選做某事
4. fund-raising activities for charities為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的活動(dòng)
5.advertise on the Internet在網(wǎng)上做廣告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在電視上/報(bào)紙上/雜志上做廣告
6.organize a charity show 組織慈善演出
7.sell books to raise money賣(mài)書(shū)來(lái)籌款
8. give out leaflets發(fā)傳單→give…out分發(fā)，動(dòng)詞＋副詞結(jié)構(gòu)，give it/them out。
9. return to school重返學(xué)校
return ⑴回到return to＋地點(diǎn) return to…＝go back to…回到
⑵return sth to sb把某物歸還某人 return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb歸還…
10. help protect rivers and lakes in China幫助保護(hù)中國(guó)的河流和湖泊
help (to) do sth幫助做…
11. host a charity show主持慈善演出，
12. start working on the show開(kāi)始著手演出工作
13. have a lot of support from local businesses得到當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的許多支持
(1)have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents’ support.
(2)business n.⑴企業(yè)；商行 ⑵事情①M(fèi)ind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不關(guān)你的事。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間
(3)busy adj.忙碌的 ⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(聯(lián)想記憶：因?yàn)槊Φ臅r(shí)候人在做事，所以be busy之后用動(dòng)詞的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee極忙碌地
14. perform on the stage在舞臺(tái)上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演
15. on the side door在側(cè)門(mén)上，
at both sides of the stage在舞臺(tái)的兩側(cè)，
in the middle of the stage在舞臺(tái)的中間，
in the four corners of the school hall在學(xué)校禮堂的四個(gè)角落里
16. design the poster設(shè)計(jì)海報(bào)，
set up the stage搭建舞臺(tái)，
ask friends and families to come
17. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，
keep silent保持沉默，
from now on從今以后(用于將來(lái)時(shí))，
since then自那時(shí)起(用于完成時(shí))，
day and night日日夜夜，
first of all首先；最重要的是，
18.care more about…多關(guān)注…
care only about…只關(guān)心…，
care about…在乎…, 關(guān)心…
19.make/do a speech演講→freedom of speech言論的自由
3. 句型
1. Only if you sleep less during the day.只要你白天少睡一些覺(jué) (p60)
only if…只要…就…；只有…才…
2. There are many ways to raise money for charity.為慈善籌款有許多方式?！ ?/font>
3. A lot of work needed to be finished, so I don’t have much free time. (p62)
主語(yǔ)是事物時(shí)，need to be done＝need doing主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)?！ ?/font>
4. It was my job to introduce each star.我的工作是介紹每一個(gè)明星?！ ?/font>
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish等時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be之后用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。 e.g. ①Her duty is to clean the street. ②His dream is to be an explorer. 5. I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. ‘Will it be a success?’ I kept asking myself.
⑴not…at all根本不…；一點(diǎn)也不…
⑵kept doing sth反復(fù)做某事
⑶be a success成功＝be successful，be a big/great success非常成功
6. No time to be nervous any more. This is it! 沒(méi)有時(shí)間再緊張了。就這樣吧！
(There be) no time to do sth.沒(méi)有時(shí)間做某事。
7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly.
⑴make a lot of noise大聲吵鬧→ make a noise吵鬧；發(fā)出響聲
⑵speak loudly大聲說(shuō)話→ read aloud朗讀(動(dòng)詞＋副詞結(jié)構(gòu))，read it/them aloud
8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over.
seem adj. 好像；似乎⑴seem (to be)＋形容詞＝look＋形容詞 seem (to be) happy
⑵Sb seems/seemed to do sth.＝It seems/seemed that sb do sth好像/似乎 某人做某事
⑶It seems to me that sb do sth.
9.A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope.
(1)have/has been＋過(guò)去分詞
(2)donate sth to sb向…捐贈(zèng)某物→sth be donated to sb某物被捐贈(zèng)給…
10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them.
⑴invite sb to..→sb be invited to…應(yīng)邀到某地，invite sb to do sth→sb be invited to do sth應(yīng)邀做某事
⑵take part in＝join in參加→attend出席
(3)more events like this更多像這樣的活動(dòng)
11. Some children in poor areas do not have money to go to school, so Project Hope pay for their education.
pay for sth付…的款，pay some money for sth買(mǎi)某物付…錢(qián)
12. Our class held a meeting to talk about holding a charity show. →
(1)hold/have a meeting開(kāi)會(huì)
(2)talk about sb/sth討論、談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈拢?/font>
(3) talk about doing sth討論、談?wù)撟瞿呈隆 ?/font>
13. We have arranged work among the students.我們已在同學(xué)中分配了工作。(p71)
⑴arrange vt.安排；籌備→ rearrange vt.重新安排；重新排列，arrange →arrangement，rearrange →rearrangement
⑵among在…中(兩者以上) →between在…中(兩者)
14. I hope that our show will be held at the school hall. I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show.
⑴hope＋that引導(dǎo)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的從句。
⑵hope to do sth希望做某事。英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有hope sb to do sth，必須改為hope＋that從句?！ ?/font>
(3)want/wish to do sth想做某事，want/wish sb to do sth想讓某人做某事。
(4)wish＋that從句①表示祝福、祝愿 ②表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
15. Project Hope is an organization that raises money to build schools and buy books for poor students. (p72)
畫(huà)線部分是關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，該句不能省略關(guān)系代詞?！ ?/font>
16. Their parents have no money, so the children have to go to work instead.
這些孩子的父母沒(méi)錢(qián)，所以他們得去干活?！ ?/font>
⑴instead是副詞，意思是“代替，反而，卻”，表示“本應(yīng)做的事沒(méi)有做，反而…”?！ ?/font>
⑵instead of＋名詞/人稱(chēng)代詞賓格/動(dòng)名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)，代替…, 而不是…。
17. After a few songs, there was a break. (p75)
break n.暫停，休息(工作時(shí)的間歇) 常用于：have a break休息一下?！ ?/font>
⑴break down出故障 ⑵break into…強(qiáng)行闖入⑶break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、地震、火災(zāi)等)發(fā)生 ⑷break vi.破曉
18. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo? 霍波，你已經(jīng)決定怎樣處理這些書(shū)了嗎？
(1)句中“what to do with”為“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，是名詞性質(zhì)，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。
(2)do with 意為“對(duì)付，處理”，在特殊疑問(wèn)句中常與what搭配。deal with 也表示“對(duì)付，處理”，在特殊疑問(wèn)句中常與how搭配。
19. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我們的船觸礁之后，我盡可能遠(yuǎn)地向前游。
(1)as far as 意為“與……一樣遠(yuǎn)”；as…as sb can/could＝as…as possible，意為“盡可能……”。
(2)as far as還可引申為“就……而言；從……來(lái)看；盡……所能；只要”等含義。 E.g As/So far as I know, that is highly unlikely. 就我所知，那是極不可能的。 (3)against 意為“反對(duì)；對(duì)著；違反；不利于”。
20. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它在我的肚子和脖子上移動(dòng)，直到它站在離我的臉很近的地方。
(1)until 為連詞，意為“直到……為止”，表示某一種行為一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間，用于肯定句中，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
(2)not…until意為“直到……才”，表示直到某一時(shí)間，某一行為才發(fā)生。until用于否定句中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是短暫性動(dòng)詞。
4.語(yǔ)法
疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式
我們可以用“疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
(1)疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞what、which、who和疑問(wèn)副詞how、when、where等。常和“疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)有：know、learn、see、hear、ask、tell、advise、decide、explain、find out、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder等。如：
I do not know what to say next. 我不知道接下來(lái)說(shuō)什么。
I cannot decide which to take. 我不能決定該拿哪一個(gè)。
(2)有些動(dòng)詞，如advise、ask、show、teach、tell等，其后可以接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：
Please tell me how to get there. 請(qǐng)告訴我怎么去那兒。
Sandy showed Millie how to start the online tour. 桑迪給米莉演示了如何開(kāi)始這個(gè)在旅游。
(3)有些疑問(wèn)詞，如what、which、whose、how many、how much等，其后可以先接一個(gè)名詞，再接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：
She wondered how many subjects to choose. 她不知道該選幾門(mén)學(xué)科。
(4)在“疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)前，有時(shí)也可以是sure、clear等的形容詞。如：
I am not sure which way to take. 我不確定走哪條路。
(5)“疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中還可以作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：
How to deal with the problem is most important to us.
如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)最重要。
The problem is when to leave the place. 問(wèn)題是何時(shí)離開(kāi)這個(gè)地方。
(6)“疑問(wèn)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫(xiě)成由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
I do not know what to do. 我不知道該做什么。= I do not know what I should do.
注意：所有疑問(wèn)詞中，只有why不可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用。
must/have to的用法
(1)must表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思是“必須，得，要”。如：
You must finish your homework today. 你今天必須完成家庭作業(yè)。
must的否定形式must not表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。如：You must not smoke here. 你不能在這里抽煙。
(2)have to表示一種客觀需要，意思是“不得不”。have to有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。如：
It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了。他現(xiàn)在得回家了。
Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop. 媽媽出去了，因此我不得不照看商店。
have to的否定形式是do not have to。如：
They do not have to buy a computer at the moment. 他們目前沒(méi)必要買(mǎi)電腦。
He does not have to go. 他不必走。
注意：must還可以表示肯定猜測(cè)，意思是“一定”。如：
You must be hungry after all that walking. 走了這么遠(yuǎn)的路，你一定餓了吧。
8BU3知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析
說(shuō)文解詞
1. 單詞
1. online adj.聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線的
2. reach
⑴vt.到達(dá)＝get to…＝arrive at/in…
⑵達(dá)到
⑶reach out a hand伸出一只手
3.correctly adv.正確地
(1)correct ①adj.正確的→incorrect→incorrectly ②vt.改正；修正
(2)correct正確的→wrong錯(cuò)誤的
4. educate v.教育→education n.教育→educational adj.教育的
5. knowledge n.知識(shí)
(1)know vt.知道
(2)be known to sb為某人所知
(3)be well known/famous for…因…而出名，
(4)be known as…作為…而出名
6. point
⑴n.分?jǐn)?shù) e.g. get 100 points得100分
⑵n.小數(shù)點(diǎn) e.g. 1.732讀作one point seven three two
⑶v.指 e.g. point out指出，point at/to…指向
7.regards(用于信函的結(jié)尾或轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)問(wèn)候)致意；問(wèn)候 regard sb as…把某人視為…
8. control
⑴n.(鍵盤(pán)上的)控制鍵
⑵vt.控制
9. pick vt. 挑選；挑揀
(1)pick是動(dòng)詞，意為“挑選”。pick up 意為“拾起；撿起；抬起”。
(2)pick還可譯為“采，摘”。
10. dream vt.&vi. 做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)想
(1)have/dream a dream 做夢(mèng)
(3)dream of/about 夢(mèng)見(jiàn)，夢(mèng)想
(4)dream n．夢(mèng)；夢(mèng)想
11. opposite n. 對(duì)立的人(或物)
prep.在……的對(duì)面
adv. 在對(duì)面
adj. 截然不同的，對(duì)立的
12. book vt.&vi. 預(yù)訂，訂(房間、車(chē)票等) booking n. 預(yù)訂 booking office售票處
13.mind vt.&vi.介意
(1)mind doing sth(用于mind的主語(yǔ)與doing的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致時(shí))
(2)mind one's doing sth(用于mind的主語(yǔ)與doing的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí))
(3)mind＋if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
2. 短語(yǔ)
a. 短語(yǔ)
1. I have no idea.＝I’ve no idea.＝I don’t know.我不知道。 (p40)
2. turn on the TV →turn on/off打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉…，turn up/down調(diào)大/調(diào)低；都是“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”?！ ?/font>
3. change the channel換臺(tái)→on Channel…在…臺(tái)→拓展：the English Channel英吉利海峽
4. different uses of computers計(jì)算機(jī)的不同用途：
(1)draw and design,
(2)play computer games,
(3)search for information,
(4)send and receive e-mails收發(fā)電子郵件,
(5)do word processing進(jìn)行文字處理,
(6)write computer programs編寫(xiě)計(jì)算機(jī)程序
5. travel around the world in eight hours八小時(shí)環(huán)游地球 educational CD-ROM教育軟件 (p42)
6. come out (書(shū)等)出版，發(fā)行，發(fā)表，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為be published?！ ?/font>
⑴(太陽(yáng)、月亮或星星)出現(xiàn)；露出
⑵(花朵)開(kāi)放；(草)出芽
7. learn English and geography at the same time同時(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)和地理→at the same time同時(shí)
8. the main character主角→play the main character of…＝play the lead role of…
play the role…扮演…，the best actor最佳男主角，the best actress最佳女主角
9. have/get itchy feet渴望旅行
10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43)
⑴by介詞，通過(guò)某種方法、手段，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing。
⑵have a knowledge of有某方面的知識(shí)
11. one of the best on the market市面上最暢銷(xiāo)的一種
12. choose one icon in the menu在菜單里選擇一個(gè)圖標(biāo)，click on it for more details點(diǎn)擊它以了解詳情→click on…點(diǎn)擊…，left double-click on…左鍵雙擊…
13. open my new e-dictionary on my computer打開(kāi)我電腦上的新電子詞典
(1)“打開(kāi)”電腦的軟件用open不用turn on?！ ?/font>
⑵查字典：look up a word in a dictionary或look a word up in a dictionary
14. restart the computer重新啟動(dòng)電腦 → start vt.啟動(dòng)；開(kāi)始→ restart重新啟動(dòng)
(1)re＋部分動(dòng)詞→再…，e.g. rebuild重建，reuse循環(huán)使用，retell復(fù)述
(2)set off＝start off出發(fā)；動(dòng)身，
(3)set about doing sth開(kāi)始做某事，著手做某事
15. check the settings檢查設(shè)置，double-click on the “auto-run” icon雙擊“自動(dòng)運(yùn)行”圖標(biāo)，double-click on the icon for “Tour”
(1)double-click on the…icon＝double-click on the icon for…雙擊…圖標(biāo)，
(2)put in the CD-ROM插入光盤(pán)
16. connect the keyboard to the computer properly正確地連接鍵盤(pán)和電腦
⑴connect A to B連接A和B →be connected to…與…連接
⑵proper adj.正確的→properly
17. grow an inch長(zhǎng)一英寸，grow to six feet long長(zhǎng)到六英尺長(zhǎng)→ A foot is equal to 12 inches.
18. daily English＝everyday English日常英語(yǔ)→daily newspaper日?qǐng)?bào)，Xinhua Daily新華日?qǐng)?bào)
19. go on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亞和新西蘭短期旅行 (p52)
20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic被藏在北極的某個(gè)地方→be hidden＋地點(diǎn)，被藏在…
21. the treasure box百寶箱→treasure hunt尋寶 (p55)
b. 巧辯異同
1. be famous for 和be famous as
be famous for表示“因……而出名”，而be famous as則表示“以某種身份而出名”。
[拓展] be well known for與be well known as 的區(qū)別與之相同。
2. (it's) my pleasure 和with pleasure
(1)回答別人的感謝時(shí)，可以說(shuō)“It's my pleasure./My pleasure.”意為“沒(méi)關(guān)系，不用謝，別客氣”。
(2)當(dāng)別人請(qǐng)你幫忙，你很樂(lè)意幫助時(shí)，可以說(shuō)“With pleasure”，意為“很高興，很樂(lè)意，樂(lè)意效勞”。
3. 句型
1. —What do you use your computer for? —I usually use it to search for information.
What…for?＝Why…?為什么…? e.g. What did you do that for?＝Why did you do that?
2. It sounds interesting, doesn’t it? → “陳述句＋附加疑問(wèn)？”構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。
⑴附加疑問(wèn)即“助動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的否定式縮寫(xiě)＋主語(yǔ)或there”；附加疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞必須與陳述句保持一致，主語(yǔ)必須是人稱(chēng)代詞或there，并與陳述句主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致?！ ?/font>
⑵前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答語(yǔ)的英漢差異?！ ?/font>
⑶反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)為“Yes, 主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞.”或“No, 主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞的否定式”?！ ?/font>
3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天，他躺在草地上，看著美麗的藍(lán)天，不知不覺(jué)間睡著了，并做了個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)?！ ?/font>
(1)lie ①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain ②說(shuō)謊→lies→lying→lied→lied ③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied
(2)lie意思是“躺”，常用于lie down躺下，find sb/sth lying＋地點(diǎn)
(3)fall asleep睡著
(4)have/dream a…dream做了一個(gè)…的夢(mèng)
4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a point every time you answer a question correctly.
(1)every time＋陳述句，每當(dāng)…，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?！ ?/font>
(2)get a point得一分，
(3)answer a question correctly答對(duì)一題
5. When you have got enough points, a cloud will come down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before.
(1)you have never visited before是省略關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句。
(2)have got enough points獲得足夠的點(diǎn)數(shù)，
(3)carry you off to…把你帶到…
6. Are you ready? Let’s go！準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？出發(fā)！
7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about the Museum of London and many other interesting places.
(1)learn about…了解…
(2)many other＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，其他許多…
8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world.
(1)pass a level過(guò)一關(guān)
(2)Every time＋陳述句，每當(dāng)…
(3)a map of the world世界地圖→ a map of China
9. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple. 你到過(guò)的地方都標(biāo)上了明亮的紫色?！ ?/font>
10. Get it now before it is sold out.
(1)sell out售完，
(2)be sold out被售完，
(3)sell well好賣(mài)(不用被動(dòng))
11. I’ve bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but I’ve found none of them to be any good.
find none of them to be any good沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)好的
12. —How can your teacher read your homework on the computer? —I can send him e-mails or print it out.
(1) read your homework批閱作業(yè)
(2)send sb e-mails給某人發(fā)電子郵件
(3)on the computer在電腦上，on the screen，on TV，on the Internet(在因特網(wǎng)上)
13. —Do you have a new printer, too? —Yes, and it prints very quickly. →該句的print不用被動(dòng)?！ ?/font>
14. We’ve got many kinds of personal computers. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially for students.
(1)personal computer個(gè)人電腦，簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)作PC。
(2)be designed especially for students特別為學(xué)生而設(shè)計(jì)
15. —Is it used widely? —Of course, very widely in Beijing.
(1)be widely used被廣泛使用
(2)be widely as…被廣泛用作
16. When a total of ten questions are answered incorrectly, the princess will become bald.
⑴total n.總數(shù)，總和
⑵become bald禿頂→become＋形容詞
17. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels. 當(dāng)你到更高的級(jí)別，問(wèn)題就更難了?！ ?/font>
as連詞，當(dāng)…時(shí)，隨著…。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain.
18. She will help you when necessary.必要時(shí)她會(huì)幫助你。→if necessary如果有必要
19. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money. 這一課程涉及許多主題，包括旅游、飯店、購(gòu)物
錢(qián)幣。
⑴cover＝include包括；涉及
⑵including介詞，包括…在，
20. Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please?
你能告訴我如何開(kāi)啟這個(gè)澳大利亞的在線之旅嗎？→ how to start…是“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”?！ ?/font>
21. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告訴如何使用這個(gè)功能？
mind介意，表示請(qǐng)求允許或客氣地請(qǐng)人做事。注意以下兩種表達(dá)的不同：
⑴Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事嗎？
表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的允許，答語(yǔ)為Of course not. Certainly not.或You’d better not. Better not.
⑵Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事嗎？表示客氣地請(qǐng)人做事。
22. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon. …A worksheet has just appeared on the screen.
⑴appear是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失
⑵sheet n.①床單; ②一張(通常指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸的紙)
23. In which countries is the game sold? 這個(gè)游戲在哪些國(guó)家銷(xiāo)售？
In which countries不能去掉介詞in
24. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是goal等時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式be to do作表語(yǔ)?！?/font>
25. The best time to visit the UK is from May to September because its winter is wet and cold.
參觀英國(guó)的最佳時(shí)間是從五月到九月，因?yàn)槟莾旱亩煊殖睗裼趾洹?/font>
the best time to do sth 意為“做某事的最佳時(shí)間”，相當(dāng)于the best time for doing sth。
4. 語(yǔ)法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（III）
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是在具體的語(yǔ)境中，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有明顯的區(qū)別。
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)。如：
I went to Beijing last month. 我上個(gè)月去過(guò)北京。
Tom was in China in 2008. 2008年湯姆在中國(guó)。
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成（不一定結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)造成的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。如：
I have bought a new mobile phone. 我買(mǎi)了一部新手機(jī)。（言下之意：我有新手機(jī)用了。）
I have been to London many times. 我去過(guò)倫敦很多次。（言下之意：我對(duì)倫敦較熟悉。）
注意：
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday、last week、two years ago、just now、in 2008等。
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則通常和頻度副詞或表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：many times、never、
these days、this week、since...、for...等。
8BU2知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析說(shuō)文解詞：1. 單詞1. speed n. 速度
(1)at a speed of… 以……的速度
(2)at top speed 以最高速
(3)speed vt.& vi. 急行，加速，超速speed up 加速 slow down 減速
2. beauty n. 美人，美麗 beautiful adj. 美麗的，漂亮的； beautifully adv.美麗地，完美地，出色地，很好。
3. die v. 死 dead adj.死的 death n. 死亡
4.fly v. 飛；航行 flight n. 航班
5. experience
⑴n.(C)經(jīng)歷；
⑵n.(U)經(jīng)驗(yàn)→experienced adj.經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的，have experience in (doing) sth＝be experiencedin (doing) sth在某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
2.短語(yǔ)a.短語(yǔ)1. go on a trip to South Hill →go on a trip to…去某地旅游 (p24)
2. take you out for a few days帶你出去玩幾天→take sb out帶某人出去
3. go hiking, go skiing →go＋v-ing去做某事，see/enjoy the beautiful view觀看/欣賞美景 (p25)
4. a symbol of Japan →the symbol of…的象征
5. have a really fantastic time＝have a good/great/wonderful time＝have fun＝enjoy oneself (p26)
6. at the entrance在入口處 →at the exit在出口處
7. move at high speed高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)→at a speed of…以…的速度
8. scream and laugh through the whole ride →through從物體的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)
9. a fast food restaurant快餐店→fast food快餐，國(guó)際著名快餐店：KFC肯德基，McDonald’s麥當(dāng)勞
10. clap and stream with joy高興地拍手尖叫 →介詞短語(yǔ)with joy相當(dāng)于副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 (p27)
11. watch a three-D film，watch fireworks, look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks
12. in all總共；共計(jì)→first of all首先
13. scream with excitement興奮地尖叫→ with excitement＝excitedly激動(dòng)地；興奮地 (p28)
(1)excite→excited興奮的→exciting令人興奮的；扣人心弦的；刺激的→excitement n.激動(dòng)，興奮→with excitement＝excitedly，be excited about (doing) sth對(duì)…興奮
14. a really delightful holiday and a meaningful experience一個(gè)高興的假期、一次有意義的經(jīng)歷
15. buy a gift for my parents →buy sth for sb＝buy sb sth (gift比present高雅) (p33)
16. travel abroad到國(guó)外旅游→go abroad出國(guó) (p35)
17. during this May Day holiday在“五一”假期里→during是介詞，后面不能接句子。
18. three and a half hours三個(gè)半小時(shí)→one/an hour一小時(shí)，half an hour半小時(shí)→one and a half hours一個(gè)半小時(shí)，two and a half hours兩個(gè)半小時(shí) (p38)
19. have a bird’s-eye view of Hong Kong →have a bird’s-view of…鳥(niǎo)瞰；俯視
20. a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening高樓林立、燈火輝煌的現(xiàn)代化城市 →with lights shining作后置定語(yǔ)，lights與shining是主動(dòng)系?！ ?br>21. the cultural centre of Hong Kong香港的文化中心→the cultural centre文化中心
(1)culture n.文化→cultural adj.文化的
(2)nature →natural,
(3)centre→central
b.巧 辨 異 同1 except, besides和except for
(1)except表示“除去，不包括”，指“從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分”，表示遞減的概念，含義是否定的。
(2)besides表示“除了……之外，還有……”，指“在整體中加入一部分”，表示遞加的概念，含義是肯定的。
(3)except for也表示“除……以外”，表示對(duì)整體主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。
2 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in
(1)have/has been to表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”。
(2)have/has gone to表示“去某地了(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，指可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回來(lái)的路上。
(3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three weeks.
3 die, dead, death和dying
(1)die是動(dòng)詞， 意為“死，死亡”，是短暫性動(dòng)詞， 不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
(2)dead是形容詞， 意為“死了的，無(wú)生命的”，表示狀態(tài)，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
(3)death是名詞，意為“死亡，去世”。
(4)dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，用作形容詞，意為“垂死的，即將死去的”。
4 for example和such as
(1)for example表示“例如”，一般只以同類(lèi)人或事物中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可置于句首、句中或句末。
(2)such as也表示“例如”，用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。
3. 句型1. It must be fun. Can I join you?一定很有趣。我能和你一起去嗎？(p24)
⑴情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must(表示推測(cè))一定，用于肯定句，反義詞：can’t不可能。may可能，may not可能不。Probably, Perhaps, Maybe都是副詞，通常用于句首。
⑵join sb和某人一起做某事
2. I haven’t seen you since last month. →see是瞬間動(dòng)詞 (p26)
瞬間動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中，不能變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞?！ ?br>3. I couldn’t stop taking photos with them. →can’t/couldn’t stop doing sth禁不住做某事
(1)can’t/couldn’t help doing sth禁不住做某事，can’t/couldn’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事?！ ?br>(2)stop doing sth停止做某事，stop to do sth停下來(lái)去做某事。
(3)take photos 拍照片；take a photo/photos of… 拍……的照片
5. The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way. (p27)
(1)all the way一路上
(2)wave to sb向某人招手/揮手→wave n.波；波浪
(3)march across…邁步穿越…
(4)singing and dancing all the way是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作伴隨狀態(tài)。
6. I’m sure you’ll love it.你一定會(huì)喜歡的?！鶬’m sure that sb will do sth.＝Sb is sure to do sth.
7. The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. We thought it was hopeless to wait in the line. (p30) ?、舉ndless無(wú)盡的；無(wú)休止的
⑵wait in the line排隊(duì)等候
⑶Sb thought＋that從句，某人原以為…?！ ?br>8. I’m watching an interesting TV programme. It started at 7 p.m. and has been on for haf an hour.
be on＝be shown放映→ be on show展出
9. ⑴She must be happy now, isn’t she? ⑵She must be happy yesterday, wasn’t she ? (p33)
must一定，表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中的附加疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)以時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)?！ ?br>10. Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese garden. → Chinese garden中國(guó)園林 (p35)
the best time for doing sth＝the best time to do sth做某事的最佳時(shí)節(jié)
11. Do you
have any ideas about
what to do for May Day holiday?
12. —By the way, how long does it take to fly to Singapore? —Sorry, I don’t know, but I can check it for you.
(1)by the way順便問(wèn)一下，
(2)check sth for sb替某人核實(shí)某事
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth. →How long does it take sb to do sth?
13. The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived. My parents and I were excited about this special trip because we all wanted to visit Disneyland and take photos with the cute cartoon characters. (p38)
⑴be excited about (doing) sth對(duì)(做)某事感到興奮
(2)cute＝lovely可愛(ài)的
(3)the day of one’s trip to…某人去某地旅行的那一天
14. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天氣與北京不同?！ ?
在as…as…, not as/so…as…, the same as…, be different from…或形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，后者用that代替。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，后者用those代替。
15. I hope I can visit there again some day. →I hope＋that引導(dǎo)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)或can從句?！ ?br>(1)some day＝one day有朝一日；(將來(lái)的)一天。
(2)one day還表示過(guò)去的“某一天”?！ ?br>16. I left a book at Millie’s home.
(1)leave sth＋地點(diǎn)，把某物忘在某處；
(2)forget忘記某事?！ ?br>17. I don't think it'll be a holiday for me. 我認(rèn)為這對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)將不是假期。
(1)句型“I don't think＋賓語(yǔ)從句”是含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主從復(fù)合句，意為“我認(rèn)為……不……”。 該句型的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱(chēng)；形式上否定主句，翻譯時(shí)否定從句。
(2)該句型改為反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，必須以賓語(yǔ)從句為準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行變化，而且賓語(yǔ)從句要視為否定句，即把主句的don't所表示的否定拉回到賓語(yǔ)從句中來(lái)，采取“前否后肯”的規(guī)則變化。
(3)有類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞還有believe, suppose, expect等。I don't suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)對(duì)她說(shuō)對(duì)不起，是吧？
4. 語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（II）
have/ has been和have/ has gone的用法
我們用have/ has been表示某人曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，并且已經(jīng)回來(lái)。
如：He has been tothe Great Wall twice. 他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城兩次。
We have never been to the South Hill. 我們還從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)南山。
我們用have/ has gone表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地，但還沒(méi)回來(lái)。如：
He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks.他已經(jīng)去了倫敦了。他將在兩周后回來(lái)。
－Is Tom at home? 湯姆在家嗎？－No, he isn’t. He has gone to the cinema. 不在，他去看電影了。
和for或since連用的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：He has been away from China for two years. 他離開(kāi)中國(guó)已有兩年了。
He has lived in Nanjing since 2010. 自從2010年以來(lái)，他一直住在南京。
注意：在帶有一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中，我們要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞。下面補(bǔ)充一些短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化參考：
短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成
catch a cold have a cold have had a cold
buy have have had
open be open have been open
close be closed have been closed
fall ill be ill have been ill
fall asleep be asleep have been asleep
8BU1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析單元導(dǎo)讀 ：
1.掌握大量的新單詞，尤其是動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用。
2.掌握意思相近單詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。
3.理解和運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
4.動(dòng)詞的一些固定搭配。如:remember doing sth. 等等。
1. 單詞
1 just adv. 剛才
(1)just 意為“剛剛，剛才”，強(qiáng)調(diào)最近剛發(fā)生的事情。
It doesn't matter. We've just begun our class.
沒(méi)關(guān)系。我們剛開(kāi)始上課。
(2)just 還可譯為“正好；僅僅；就是”，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
It's just half past nine now. 現(xiàn)在正好九點(diǎn)半。
(3)just意為“剛剛”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；just now意為“剛才”，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。
The sheep have just eaten the grass up.
那些綿羊剛剛將草吃光。
Amy finished her homework just now.
埃米剛才完成了家庭作業(yè)。
2 married adj. 已婚的
(1)be/get married to… 與……結(jié)婚
They have been married for five years.
他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)5年了。
(2)marry v. 結(jié)婚
marry sb. 嫁給某人，娶了某人，與某人結(jié)婚 marry sb. to… 把某人嫁給……
(3)marriage n. 結(jié)婚， 婚禮
3.waste n. 廢品，廢料
(1)vt.& vi. 浪費(fèi)
(2)adj. 無(wú)用的；廢棄的
(3)n. 浪費(fèi)；廢品，廢料
4.interview n. 采訪
(1)interview作名詞時(shí)，意為“面試，會(huì)談”；
(2)作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“采訪，會(huì)見(jiàn)”。
interview sb＝have an interview with sb，意為“采訪某人”。
5.century＝one hundred years世紀(jì)；百年。
⑴某世紀(jì)用序數(shù)詞。如：21世紀(jì)the twenty-first century。
⑵“在某世紀(jì)”用介詞in，如：in the 20th century在20世紀(jì)?！?/font>
6. pollute v.污染 pollution n. 污染
7. communicate v. 交流
(1)【搭配】communicate......with....... 交流
(2)communication n. 交流 have a communication with
8. north n. 北方 northern adj. 北方的
(1) south n. 南方 southern adj. 南方的
(2)west n. 西方 western adj. 西方的
(3)east n. 東方 eastern adj. 東方的
9．recent adj. 近來(lái)的 recently adv. 最近地，進(jìn)來(lái)地
2. 短語(yǔ)
a.詞組
1. the changes to Sunshine Town陽(yáng)光鎮(zhèn)的變化→the changes to… …的變化 (p8)
change n.變化，常用復(fù)數(shù)changes.
2. in the southern part of town →in the southern part of…在…的南部→south →east 東部→eastern東部的, west →western, north →northern 3. in the past在過(guò)去→at present現(xiàn)在→in the future未來(lái)；將來(lái)，注意這些短語(yǔ)中的介詞和冠詞。
4. turn the place into a park →turn…into…把…變成…
5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋.
6. water pollution水污染→air pollution空氣污染，noise pollution噪音污染 (p9)
7. used to dump its waste into water →used to do sth過(guò)去常做某事，注意否定式、疑問(wèn)式的形式
⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth→疑問(wèn)式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth?
⑵There be和used to合用的形式為There used to be
(3)be used to do sth＝be used for doing sth被用于做某事
(4)be/become/get used to sth習(xí)慣于某事，be/become/get used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事
8. in some ways在某種程度上；在某些方面→in this way以這種方式
9. feel a bit lonely from time to time →from time to time＝at times＝sometimes有時(shí)；不時(shí)地
⑴a bit＋形容詞原級(jí)或比較級(jí)＝a little＋形容詞原級(jí)或比較級(jí)，有點(diǎn)…
⑵a bit of＋不可數(shù)名詞＝a little＋不可數(shù)名詞 e.g. a bit of water＝a little water
(3)not a little＝very非常，not a bit＝not…at all一點(diǎn)也不
10. throw away扔掉…→“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，e.g. throw it/them away
11. have an interview with sb＝interview sb采訪某人；對(duì)某人面試；與某人面談 (p12)
12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的最好的模型 (p17)
(1)the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞單數(shù)＋sb have/has ever done，某人曾做過(guò)的最…的…
(2)ever通常用于疑問(wèn)句中或否定句中?！?/font>
(3)ever since…自從…起到現(xiàn)在(用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，for ever＝forever永遠(yuǎn)；永久地
13. move into the new flats→move into…搬進(jìn)…，move out of…搬出… (p18)
14. lend me a book→lend sb sth＝lend sth to sb把某物借給某人，是“借出”?！ ?/font>
borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，是“借入”?！ ?/font>
15. a recent photo一張近期照片 (p21)
16. a tourist attraction旅游勝地→attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方→attract vt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的
b. 短語(yǔ)辨析
1 lonely和alone
(1)lonely 為形容詞，意為“孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的；無(wú)人煙的， 荒涼的”。
(2)alone 作形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的；獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”，只作表語(yǔ)。
(3)alone 還可作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)地， 獨(dú)自地”。
2 happen和take place
happen與take place兩者都作“發(fā)生”講，都不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但它們之間也有差別。
(1)happen指“碰巧發(fā)生”，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性，常指事情在人們無(wú)意識(shí)、無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的情況下發(fā)生。
(2)take place 是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，意為“發(fā)生”，指事情按照計(jì)劃發(fā)生。
(3)take place 還可作“舉行”講，相當(dāng)于hold。但take place 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而hold 有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
3 used to do sth, be/get used to (doing) sth, be used to do sth和be used as
(1)used to do sth 意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，暗含現(xiàn)在不再這樣做了，其中to為不定式符號(hào)。
(2)be/get used to (doing) sth意為“習(xí)慣于(做)某事”，其中to為介詞。
(3)be used to do sth＝be used for doing sth，意為“被用來(lái)做某事”。
(4)be used as…意為“被用作……”。
3.句型
1 I’ve lived here since I was born. 自從我出生以來(lái)，我就住在這兒。
(1)since 表示“自從……以來(lái)”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。具體用法如下：
(2)since＋表過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
(3)“since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago”，表示“自從……前”。
(4)since＋從句(從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
[拓展]
(1)since作連詞，意為“因?yàn)椋热?，鑒于”。
(2)“It is＋時(shí)間段＋since…/It has been＋時(shí)間段＋since…”表示“從……起已經(jīng)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。
2 Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
后來(lái)政府意識(shí)到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并采取行動(dòng)改善了這種情況。
(1)realize 是動(dòng)詞，意為“意識(shí)到，認(rèn)識(shí)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。
(2)take action to do sth意為“采取行動(dòng)做某事”。
(3)improve 是動(dòng)詞，意為“改善，提高”，相當(dāng)于make…better。
3 But now the streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 但是現(xiàn)在街道又寬又干凈，在街道的兩旁有許多綠樹(shù)。
(1)with 作介詞，意為“帶有，具有”，常和后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作后置定語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
The girl with golden hair looks very beautiful.(作定語(yǔ))
那個(gè)金發(fā)女孩看起來(lái)很漂亮。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.(作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
我在房間里坐了一會(huì)兒，眼睛盯著天花板。
4.語(yǔ)法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（I）
我們用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或已完成但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定影響
的活動(dòng)。如：
He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 自從來(lái)到南京，他就住在這里。
I have lost my mobile phone. 我的手機(jī)丟了。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副詞以及since、for引導(dǎo)的
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
He has already taken first prize twice.他已經(jīng)拿過(guò)兩次一等獎(jiǎng)了。
He has not returned the book to me yet. 他還沒(méi)有把那本書(shū)還給我。
He has never visited the Great Wall. 他從沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已經(jīng)”，而yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思是“還”。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/ has 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化形式同動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，可參照動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化：
有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式的變化形式相同，其變化情況大致分類(lèi)如下：
| |
| hit- hit- hit hurt- hurt- hurt |
| learn- learnt- learnt hear- heard- heard |
| get- got- got sit- sat- sat |
| make- made- made spill- spilt- spilt |
| feel- felt- felt smell-smelt- smelt |
有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式的變化不同，其變化大致分類(lèi)如下：
| |
| come- came- come run- ran- run |
| ring- rang- rung sing- sang- sung |
| eat- ate- eaten fall- fell- fallen |
| see- saw- seen give- gave- given |
| Steal- stole- stolen break- broke- broken |
原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞詞性差異較大 | do- did- done go- went- gone |
