第一步：掃描題目
這里的掃描與通常所說的那種試圖去瀏覽每個(gè)題干、并記住全部提問的內(nèi)容，以便在閱讀中直接找出答案的先看題目后讀文章的方法是完全不同的。
后者雖然在理論上是有些道理，但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中根本做不到，只是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的考試時(shí)間。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人想要瀏覽并記住全部題目的內(nèi)容，大約需要2～3分鐘，當(dāng)考生把這些記住的內(nèi)容帶入文章的閱讀中，大腦又將趨于空白。常人的短時(shí)記憶容量很有限，大腦不可能在這么短的時(shí)間里記住這么多的東西，這之前所花的2～3分鐘的寶貴時(shí)間也就完全被浪費(fèi)掉了。本處所推薦的掃描題目?jī)H限于去發(fā)現(xiàn)題干中是否有人名（因?yàn)轭}目中一旦出現(xiàn)人名很有可能是針對(duì)人物觀點(diǎn)的提問，記住人名就可以在下一步的閱讀中有意識(shí)的去關(guān)注該人物的觀點(diǎn)）以及需要推斷詞義的單詞或短語的出現(xiàn)（這種掃描大約會(huì)花2～3秒鐘。事實(shí)證明，人的大腦在掃描的一瞬間去記住一兩個(gè)單詞是可行的，即使試題當(dāng)中沒有我們所需要的內(nèi)容，2～3秒鐘的損失比起2～3分鐘的損失要小得多）。在下一步的文章閱讀中我們就會(huì)有意識(shí)地去發(fā)現(xiàn)與題干中提到的人物或單詞相關(guān)的一些信息，為我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)迅速定位打下基礎(chǔ)。與之相反的先看文章、后看題目的方法，一旦題目中出現(xiàn)這種問題，又必須重新回到文章中去找。事實(shí)證明，要在一篇400～500個(gè)單詞的文章中去查找到一個(gè)人名或生詞是要花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間的，相對(duì)于提前花2～3秒鐘掃描題目獲得的收益小得多。如2005年試題 Text 2，通過掃描，我們會(huì)很快發(fā)現(xiàn)文中有就 Bruce Alberts 的觀點(diǎn)以及短語“paralysis by analysis”含義的提問。對(duì)于后者，由于是格言的引用，屬必考內(nèi)容，無需記憶。所以，在下一步的文章閱讀中，我們只需有意識(shí)地去發(fā)現(xiàn)與Bruce Alberts相關(guān)的語句就行，不必讀到題目時(shí)再回到文章中到處找Bruce Alberts的觀點(diǎn)。
第二步：開始閱讀文章
在這里，我們需要掌握兩大技巧。
第一：學(xué)會(huì)跳躍和掃描式閱讀，以提高閱讀的速度。
第二：學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)文中出現(xiàn)的一些難點(diǎn)，加深對(duì)文章的理解。
(一)提高閱讀速度的方法
1．跳躍式閱讀
跳躍式閱讀所要跳過的內(nèi)容自然是和文章中心沒有太多聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容。如對(duì)某一專家身份頭銜的說明，這類文字內(nèi)容與文章的中心雖不相關(guān)，卻會(huì)經(jīng)¬常在文中出現(xiàn)，這些內(nèi)容事實(shí)上會(huì)增加信息的復(fù)雜程度，干擾考生思路，而題目中不會(huì)考查。
如1990年的試題，Text 2
......
“but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.
【分析】這里，我們只需看引號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容即可，至于“on female labor...”后面長長的頭銜稱謂完全可以跳過去。
如1998年的試題， Text 3
Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University, and the DemonHaunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.
【分析】這句話，我們只需讀到notably Higher Superstition即可, by Paul R.Gross之后的全部?jī)?nèi)容就可以跳過。
2．掃描式閱讀
掃描式閱讀的內(nèi)容與跳躍式閱讀的內(nèi)容相比，與文章的聯(lián)系稍稍緊密一些，但一般不是考試的重點(diǎn)，我們只需對(duì)其有大致印象即可。這類內(nèi)容一般由用來說明中心的論據(jù)構(gòu)成。當(dāng)段落中心已經(jīng)¬很明確時(shí)，我們可以對(duì)說明中心的具體論據(jù)實(shí)行快速掃描。
如1988年試題，Text 3
……
It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwearing than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.
……
【分析】文中第一句話“It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing”已把中心交待得很清楚，后面的“Washing machines...are cheap and plentiful”大概掃描一下就知道是為段落中心服務(wù)的具體論據(jù)，屬次要內(nèi)容，可一掃而過。
如1989年的試題 Text 2
……
Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted for a choice within a small radius. Traveling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air-conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.
……
【分析】對(duì)于這一段，我們只需讀完前幾句“Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally”就可以大致估計(jì)出后面是對(duì)私家車所帶來好處的進(jìn)一步說明，此時(shí)我們就應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地對(duì)后面的文字進(jìn)行快速掃描，直到后面的中心句“This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car”。由此，整段意思就十分明了。
3．提高閱讀速度的另一途徑是：熟記詞匯的各種形式及其詞義
由英語語法所決定，英語文章中的詞匯除了少量虛詞是以原¬形出現(xiàn)外，其他大多數(shù)單詞都是以一定的變化形式出現(xiàn)。而我們平時(shí)所記憶的詞匯均是以原形給出，在閱讀時(shí)，單詞原¬形和變形之間就有一個(gè)思維的轉(zhuǎn)換過程，再加上有些變形的詞義在原¬形的基礎(chǔ)上有較大幅度的改變，也就增加了思維轉(zhuǎn)換的難度，極大地妨礙¬了閱讀速度的提高。熟記詞匯的各種形式及其詞義則直接省略了思維轉(zhuǎn)換過程，有利于提高閱讀速度。
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