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張杰, PHP, Impossible is nothing: PHP單元測(cè)試工具PHPUnit初體驗(yàn)(原創(chuàng))

2006.06.27

PHP單元測(cè)試工具PHPUnit初體驗(yàn)

z33 <newbdez33 at gmail.com>
2005.10.27

今天接到了個(gè)任務(wù)，需要對(duì)數(shù)字進(jìn)行計(jì)算，因?yàn)樯婕暗秸麛?shù)，小數(shù)，和科學(xué)計(jì)數(shù)法等很多條件，所以人工測(cè)試非常麻煩，于是想到了PHP的單元測(cè)試工具PHPUnit，所以寫個(gè)文檔備查。

看了PHPUnit的文檔之后基本有了一些了解，
http://pear.php.net/manual/en/packages.php.phpunit.intro.php

工作流程如下：
1.設(shè)計(jì)你的class/API
2.創(chuàng)建測(cè)試程序集
3.實(shí)現(xiàn)class/API
4.運(yùn)行測(cè)試
5.修正測(cè)試失敗或錯(cuò)誤，回到第4步。

我們來(lái)舉個(gè)例子：
下面是你要測(cè)試的class，其中formatn函數(shù)一個(gè)取任意數(shù)字的5位有效數(shù)字的函數(shù)。

代碼:

----------format_number.php-----------
class fo {

function fo() {
}

function formatn($num) {
   $num = rtrim($num,"0");
   $pos = strpos($num,".");
   $num = str_replace(".","",$num);
   $count1 = strlen($num);
   $num = ltrim($num,"0");
   $count2 = strlen($num);
   $zeroc = $count1 - $count2;
   $num = substr($num,0,6);
   $num = round($num/10);
   //$num = str_pad($num, 5, "0");
   if ($pos !== false) {
      $num = str_pad($num, (strlen($num)+$zeroc), "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
      $dotl = substr($num,0,$pos);
      $dotr = substr($num,$pos);
      $num = $dotl.".".$dotr;
   }
   return $num;
}

}

接著創(chuàng)建TestCase，繼承自PHPUnit_TestCase

代碼:

----------testcase.php-----------
<?php

require_once ‘format_number.php‘;
require_once ‘PHPUnit.php‘;

class foTest extends PHPUnit_TestCase {

//這個(gè)成員變量是存放要測(cè)試的類引用
var $abc;

//構(gòu)造函數(shù)
function foTest($name) {
   $this->PHPUnit_TestCase($name);
}

//new一個(gè)要測(cè)試的類為成員變量abc賦值
function setUp() {
   $this->abc = new fo;
}

//unset要測(cè)試的類
function tearDown() {
   unset($this->abc);
}

//自定義的testcase
function testFormatn1() {
   //調(diào)用要測(cè)試的類的方法，結(jié)果放到$result變量
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("100.234");
   //期望結(jié)果
   $expected = "100.23";
   //判斷是否相等，這里使用assertTrue方法來(lái)判斷布而值是否為true。
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn2() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.100234");
   $expected = "0.10023";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn3() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.100235");
   $expected = "0.10024";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn4() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000100235");
   $expected = "0.00010024";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn5() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000100232");
   $expected = "0.00010023";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn6() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn7() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343.01");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn8() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343.05");
   $expected = "1343.1";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn9() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0");
   $expected = "0";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn10() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("105.2342");
   $expected = "105.23";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn11() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("105.2375");
   $expected = "105.24";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn12() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000523751");
   $expected = "0.00052375";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

function testFormatn13() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("0.000523755");
   $expected = "0.00052376";
   $this->assertTrue($result == $expected);
}

}

最后還需要一個(gè)運(yùn)行測(cè)試的程序

代碼:

----------runtest.php-----------
<?php
require_once ‘testcase.php‘;
require_once ‘PHPUnit.php‘;

$suite = new PHPUnit_TestSuite("foTest");
$result = PHPUnit::run($suite);

echo $result->toString();
?>

現(xiàn)在就可以通過(guò)命令行運(yùn)行這個(gè)testcase
php runtest.php

得到結(jié)果如下：

代碼:

TestCase foTest->testFormatn1() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn2() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn3() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn4() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn5() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn7() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn8() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn9() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn10() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn11() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn12() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn13() passed
TestCase foTest->testFormatn6() failed: expected TRUE, actual FALSE

其中testFormatn6的測(cè)試失敗，
我們就可以去檢查一下我們的代碼在什么地方出問(wèn)題了。

補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)
也可以把a(bǔ)ssertTrue方法換assertEquals，如下：

代碼:

function testFormatn6() {
   $result = $this->abc->formatn("1343");
   $expected = "1343";
   $this->assertEquals($expected, $result);
}

如果失敗得到對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果會(huì)直觀一些（可以顯示錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果）：

代碼:

TestCase foTest->testFormatn8() failed: expected 1343 , actual 134.

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