【專題要點】主謂一致考點概覽：1.集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致；2.主語從句作主語時謂語的確定；3.or, either---or, nor, neither---nor, not only-----but (also), not---but等連接兩個并列主語時的主謂一致情況；4.主語+as well as, with, together with, along with, rather than, but, except, besides等詞時的主謂一致；5.由不同數詞修飾的名詞作主語時謂語的確定；6.定語從句中謂語的數；7.the+形容詞作主語時謂語的確定；8.時間、距離等度量名詞作主語時謂語的數。
【考綱要求】考綱要求考生掌握主謂一致的三大原則即語法一致、邏輯意義一致、就近原則；掌握主謂一致的特殊用法；學會分析句式，排除干擾，分清主謂，明了句子的主謂關系。
【教法指引】分析近五年來的高考題可以發(fā)現，高考對主謂一致的考查幾乎每年都有所涉及，但題量不大，其因為是這項語法用法比較固定、單純，教師只要給學生講清主謂一致的“三大原則”，讓學生記住這些用法就能很好地把這項語法學會；當然高考命題多以特殊點為切入點，讓學生注意三大原則里邊的一些變化如：not only -----but also連接主語是應該按照就近原則。 not only he and she-----but also----這樣的結構仍然還是就近原則，只不過主語為he and she。引導學生復習好主謂一致常考題型如：
1. 單數名詞(代詞)，不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數形式，復數名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學生正在操場上踢足球。
2. many a+單數名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。
3. more than one+單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經去過北京。
4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數目，長度，數學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。
Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。
5. 主語是each/every+單數名詞+and(each/every)+單數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一個半小時足夠了。
7. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
To see is to believe 眼見為實。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。因此在實際操練中要指導學法，掌握基本用法，注意變化就能突破。
【知識網絡】 主謂一致用法
在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。
（一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。
1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。
His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。
What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由連接詞and或both ... and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口語中當either或neither后跟有"of+復數名詞（或代詞）"作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。
Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它后面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。
None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定語從句時，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
注意：He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由"a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞"構成的短語以及由"分數或百分數+名詞"構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of"許多"，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of"...的數量"，主語是number，謂語用單數。
8、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數，但意義為復數；有時形式為復數，但意義為單數）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示"時間、重量、長度、價值"等的名詞的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式， 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如： "The Arabian Nights"is an interesting story-book..
4、表數量的短語"one and a half"后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式（也可用復數。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些學科名詞是以 -ics 結尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、"定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞"，表示某一類人時，動詞用復數。
（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。
1、當兩個主語由either ... or, neither ... nor, whether ... or ..., not only ... but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。
（四）主謂一致應注意的幾個問題：
A)名詞作主語
1)某些集體名詞(如family，team等)作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。例如：
The whole family are watching TV?
His family is going to have a long journey．
這類名詞有：audience，class，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.
名詞population一詞的使用情況跟上述類似。例如：：
The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.
“a group(crowd)of+復數名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數或復數，前者強調整體，后者強調各個部分。
2)某些集體名詞(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只當復數看待，謂語動詞必須用復數。例如：
The police are searching for him．
3)單、復數同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。例如：
A sheep is over there,
Some sheep are over there．
4)名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數。例如：
My Uncle's is not far from here．
The doctor's is on the side of the street．
常見的省略名詞有：the baker's，the barber's，the carpenter's，the Zhang's，etc,
表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語 動詞往往用復數。例如：
Richardson's have a lot of leather goods to sell．
5)當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數形式。例如：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago．
Three years has passed．
6)不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多個并列主語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。例如：
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future．
7)如果主語有more than one...或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。例如：
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm．
More than one student has seen the film，
是，在“more+復數名詞+than one\'’結構之后，謂語詞一般用復數形式。例如：
More members than one are against your plan．
8)一些由兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具主語時；謂語通常用復數形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主語由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。例如：
A pair of shoes was on the desk .
9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，其謂語用單數；短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口語)(這一類人)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數，
men of this kind和these kinds of men的謂語用復數。all kinds of后跟復數名詞，謂語用復數形式。例如：
Men of this kind are dangerous．
This kind of men is dangerous．
10)復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，作單數意義時，謂語用單數；反之，謂語用復數。這類名詞有means(方法)，works(工廠)，species(種類)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如：
The (This) glass works was set up in l970．
(這家玻璃廠建于1970年。)
The(These)glass works are near the railway station．
(這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。)
當它們前面有a，such a，this，that修飾時，謂語用單數；有all，such，these，those修飾時，謂語用復數。但“means\"，“no means\"，“the means\"等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可作單數，也可用作復數。
注：work作“工作”解時是不可數名詞，作“著作”解時是可數名詞，有單復數之分。
11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most；half，rest，part等詞語，表示的是復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式；反之，用單數。例如：
All of the water is gone。
All of my classmates work hard．
12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：
Between the two windows hangs a picture．
B)由連接詞連接的名詞作主語
13)用and或both...and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式。例如：
Walking and riding are good exercises．
Plastics and rubber never rot．
但是，并列主語如果指的，是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用：單數形式，這時，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如：
A knife and fork is on the table．
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit．
The girl\'s teacher and friend is a young doctor．
Truth and honesty is the best policy。
14)當主語后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數按主語的單、復數而定。例如：
The room with its furniture was rented．
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
15)以or，either...，neither...nor，not only…but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原則。例如：
Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it
Either you or he is to go．
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room．
C)代詞作主語．’
16)名詞型物主代詞后的動詞，既可以用單數，也可以用復數，這取決于它所代替的是單數還是復數。例如：
Ours(Our Party) is a great party．
our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown．
17)such，the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數。例如：
Such are his words．Such is our plan．
8)關系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。例如：
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
Those who want to go please you’re your names here．
19)疑問代詞who，：what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單復數。例如：
What produce(s)heat?
Which is (are) your book(s)?
Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu．
Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu．
20)不定代詞．any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：
①單讀用作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞可用單數或復數形式。例如：
All are present．let\'s begin the meeting．
Now all has been changed．
either，neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數。
②后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞當然用單數形式；若of的賓語為復數名詞或代詞，動詞可以是單數，也可以是復數；在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。
例如：
None of them has(have)seen the film ．
Do(es) any of you know his address?
D)分數、量詞作主語
21)某數詞單純表示數字作主語時，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式，但是當基數詞表示的不是數值而是數量時，謂語動詞可用復數形式。例如：
The billion is a large number．
Twelve were boys.
英語中算術式作主語時，若是減法或除法算術式，謂語通常用單數形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語動詞有時也可用復數形式。例如：
Three times five is/are fifteen．
Two and (plus) two is/are four.
Twelve divided by four is three．
Three taken from eight leaves five．
在提問加、減、乘、除得數時，如用how much，謂語動詞多用單數形式；如用how many，謂語動詞多用復數形式。例如：
How many are two times five?
How much is eight divided by two?
22)．“分數或百分數+of+名詞”構成短語，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest of，a heap of，heaps of+名詞”構成短語時，其名詞可以是可數名詞或不可數名詞。作主語時，采取就近一致的原則，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中of后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。例如：
A quantity of blouses were on sale．
A large quantity of beer was sold．
Plenty of English books are on the shelf．
Lots of damage was caused by fire．
Three-fifths of the workers here are women．
About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water．
23)A(great)number of，many；a few修飾可數復數名詞，
其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。例如： ；
A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time．
A great deal of trouble lies before us．
A number of students have gone to the countryside to help
with the autumn harvest．
24)(large)quantities of修飾可數
復數名詞或不可數名詞其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。例如：
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table．
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge．
25)The number+可數復數名詞，the amount of+不可數名詞，the quantity of+可數復數名詞或不可數名詞構成的短
語，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數，例如：
The amount of money is great.
The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased．
The quantity of books in the library is amazing．
The number of students in our school is increasing．
26)表示數量的one and a half 后，名詞要用復數形式。但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。例如：
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
27)half of，(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數；修飾可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。
E)名詞化的形容詞作主語，
28)如果主語由“the+形容詞或過去分詞)”結構充當時。謂語通常用復數。這類詞有；the brave，the poor，the rich，
the blind，the young，the old, the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數。例如：
The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer．
The blind study in special schools．
這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞／man，person或表示人的單數連用。如：all old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier
F)從句作主語從句，不定式，-ing形式等做主語時，一般被看作一個整體，謂語動詞應用單數。
When to leave has not been decided.
What he said and what he did were always different.（如果主語是兩個（或兩個以上）的名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復數。）
29)由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數；所指的具體內容若是復數意義，謂語動詞一般用復數形式。例如：
What we need are doctors．
What we need is more time．
30）在復數名詞引導的從句結構中，關系代詞的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。例如：
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
但是，當之前有等修飾時，關系代詞的先行詞是，而不是靠近它的復數名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數形式。
she was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
