英語中"It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其它"是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在中學(xué)英語課本中頻頻出現(xiàn)，引起高考命題者的格外關(guān)注。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是："It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who從句。"可強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語,狀語,賓語等,不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞, 表語(主語補(bǔ)語), 定語，讓步狀語, 條件狀語等。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是單詞，短語，也可以是從句。
一、具體用法:
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句。
形式：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who…
例：（1）It was there, the police believe,___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag .
A.until B. which C. that D. when
解析：選C 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為地點(diǎn)狀語there，the police believe為插入語
（2）It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.
A.that B. when C. since D. as
解析：選A 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語after he got what he had desired
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句。
形式：Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who…?
例： Was it form the lake___ he often went fishing___ he saved the drowning girl?
A. that; that B. where; where C. where;that D. that; where
解析：選C 解答此題關(guān)鍵是能夠?qū)湫瓦M(jìn)行正確的分析和判斷。本題題干為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，it was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who，lake后面是個(gè)定語從句，由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，第二空才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that。
注意：如果該句型用于賓語從句中，應(yīng)使用陳述語序。
3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句。
形式：疑問詞（Wh-）+ is/was it that+其他部分
I really don't know ___ I had my money stolen.
A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that
解析：選C 強(qiáng)調(diào)句作know的賓語，語序應(yīng)為陳述句語序，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為where，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)句為賓語從句時(shí)，這類wh-連接代詞或副詞常置于it之前，作賓語從句的連接詞。
注意：如果該句型用于賓語從句中，應(yīng)使用陳述語序。
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until…句型
形式：It is/was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分
例:（1） It was not until she got home ___Jennifer realised she had lost her keys.
A.when B.that C.where D.before 、
解析：選B 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句中對(duì)not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)；是否能辨析出引導(dǎo)詞that.
（2）.___the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.
A.It was until B. Not until C. Until D.It was not until
解析：選D 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句中not until的用法.考查了 It was not until the catastrophe happened that .
5. 變式強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
變式1 It must /may/might/ be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that …
變式2 It must/may/might have been+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…
變式3 It can't/couldn't be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…
變式4 Could/can it be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…
如：It might be his father that you've been thinking of.
It must have been his brother that you saw.
It can't be your book that he is reading.
Could it be Tom that is making the noise?
6. 幾種特殊的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的理解與使用
1）It's…, not… who … 是… …而不是 … …,例如：
It is you, not he, who/that are to meet him at the airport.
2）It is/was not… but… that… 不是… … 而是… …, that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與but后的名詞或代詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，例如：
It is not who is right but what is right____ is of importance.
A.which B. it C. that D. this 答案為 C
3） It is /was … not… that, 或It is/was… that…, not…,,是… …而不是… …, that 后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與not前的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
It is the way you speak not what you say that matters.
4）It is /was… rather than… that, 是… … 而不是… …,that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than前的名詞或代詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如：
It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that led to the rapid increase of the world's population.
7. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中套用定語從句
形式：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語從句+that+其他成分 例如：
It was the training ____he had as a young man____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that ; which D. which; that
該題中第一空是定語從句，the training作了he had的賓語，所以選用which;第二空是It was…+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（the training）+that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。所以答案為D。
---Where did you get to know her?
--- It was on the farm___ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
答案為D。該題是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后跟了由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，省略了"that I got to know her"。
——I can't find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
------It was in the hotel ____ he stayed (that I met him).
A. where B. which C. the one D. that 答案為A
二、. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他帶有it 的復(fù)合句型的區(qū)別：
（1）與主語從句的區(qū)別：
It is there that accidents often happen. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language. （主語從句）
強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句雖然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was… that…,但是它們有一個(gè)很重要的區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉It is /was …that之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，而主語從句卻不能這樣，所以第一個(gè)句子可改為"Accidents often happen there."。而第二個(gè)卻不能改為"A fact English is being accepted as an international language."。
(2) 與定語從句的區(qū)別
It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.
該句強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語，句意為：威廉姆斯女士喜歡讀的是小說。
It is a question that needs careful consideration.
該句是定語從句，that 在從句中作主語，句意是：這是一個(gè)需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。
由此可見，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that沒有意義，在句中不作任何成分，而定語從句中that作關(guān)系代詞，在從句中要充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。
（3）與狀語從句的區(qū)別：
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與It is/was +時(shí)間+when從句
此句型中it指時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。
It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.
It was 6 o'clock when I got up today.
第一句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語，介詞at與時(shí)間名詞6o'clock一起作狀語。第二句是狀語從句，it是指時(shí)間，時(shí)間名詞6o'clock作表語，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
由此可見，時(shí)間名詞前若有介詞，該句就為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，反之就是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is +時(shí)間+since從句
It is…since…表示"自從… …以來已有… …（時(shí)間）"。該句型中since從句中用一般過去式。
所以注意兩個(gè)句型中時(shí)態(tài)一般不同。試比較：
It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是兩年前才開始學(xué)英語的。
It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花2個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)英語。
It is 2 years since I began to learn English.自從我開始學(xué)英語已經(jīng)兩年了。
C．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was not long before…從句的區(qū)別：
It was two years before he came back from abroad.
It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
兩個(gè)句子都意為"他是兩年后回國(guó)的。"，第一句中的it指時(shí)間，before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句；第二句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語two years later.。
三、.使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語或狀語從句時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)從句，而不能用which, when, where 。例如：
It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A.how B. which C. that D. where （答案為C）
2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用who也可用that。例如：
It was Xiao Ming who/that took his bag away.
3．被強(qiáng)調(diào)的不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主句的be動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)is或was。例如：
It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
4.被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語，who／that之后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與原句中的主語保持一致。如：
It is I who am right．
It is he who is wrong．
It is the students who are lovely．
5.如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應(yīng)提前。
It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class．
6.被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞，用主格，是作賓語的代詞，用賓格
It was he that helped me yesterday.
It was me that he helped yesterday.
7.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
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