聽力考點(diǎn)面面觀
近幾年的高考英語聽力考試大都采用3個(gè)選項(xiàng)、長短10段對話或獨(dú)白、20道小題的模式。影響學(xué)生聽力測試的因素很多，如：播音速度、學(xué)生素質(zhì)、環(huán)境影響等，但主要因素是學(xué)生自身。學(xué)生自身的素質(zhì)包括：聽力技巧、知識底蘊(yùn)、反映能力等，我們在教學(xué)中應(yīng)當(dāng)努力提高學(xué)生的自身素質(zhì)，在反復(fù)訓(xùn)練的過程中不斷提高聽力技巧，增加知識儲備，增強(qiáng)反映能力，要想達(dá)到這一目的，研究一下高考聽力試題很有必要。究竟高考聽力考什么知識點(diǎn)？怎樣設(shè)計(jì)考點(diǎn)？筆者列出點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，僅供參考。
一、 考主旨要義。
聽一段對話或一段獨(dú)白，要求考生判斷對話或獨(dú)白的中心思想。這樣的題目要求考生聽懂對話或獨(dú)白的大意，抓住對話或獨(dú)白的“who”、“what”、“when ”、“where”、“how”等關(guān)鍵語句。如：錄音：
M: I wish I could get used to the American customs of Using first names .
W: We usually call good friends by their first names .
考題： What is the man talking about ?
A. The woman’s name . B. A custom that is new to him .
C. American names .
答案：B 。
又如：錄音：
W: Look! It’s snowing .
M: Yes, but it’s terribly cold today . I’m glad I have my overcoat on .
W: There is ice on the lake, too. We’ll be able to go skating this weekend.
M: Not if it’s too windy. Come on! Let’s go back. I’m freezing.
W: You’ll just have to learn to like it . The weather in Ottawa will be like this for the next three months .
M: Yes, I know , but I wish it were shorter here .
考題：What are they talking about ?
A. Weather. B. Ottawa . C. skating .
答案：A 。
二、 考細(xì)節(jié)信息。
這樣的考題要求考生對所聽到的信息加以判斷，所聽到的信息與試卷上所給的信息表達(dá)方式不同，要求學(xué)生做出判斷。做出判斷時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題：
1.用不同的表達(dá)方式表達(dá)相同的意思，對話中或獨(dú)白中用一種表達(dá)方式，而在考題中用另外一種表達(dá)方式，這就要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中多積累同一意思不同表達(dá)的知識點(diǎn)。例如：錄音：
M: I don’t think your hat matches your dress .
W: But I like its style .
考題： What does the man think about the woman’s hat ?
A. It’s very good . B. It doesn’t go well with her dress . C. He likes the style .
答案：B。
2．正話反說。對話中用肯定的方式表達(dá)出來，而考題中用否定的方式表達(dá)。或者，對話中用否定的方式表達(dá)出來，而考題中用肯定的方式表達(dá)。例如：錄音：Kate was out when Joe called at her office this morning .
考題：Which sentence has the same meaning as the one you hear ?
A. Kate wasn’t in when Joe went to see her .
B. Kate went out of her office to see Joe .
C. Joe saw the officer at the gate .
答案：A。
3．直接信息?？忌梢詮膶υ捴兄苯诱业叫畔⒒卮饐栴}。例如：錄音：
M: Mary is fond of camping , isn’t she ?
W: Yes. She often goes for weeks at a time .
考題：What does the woman say about Mary ?
A. She hasn’t gone camping for weeks .
B. She likes long camping trips .
C. It takes her a long time to plan her camping .
答案：B。
4．?dāng)?shù)字計(jì)算。對話或獨(dú)白中給出一組數(shù)字，考題中從另一角度設(shè)問，考生需要加減乘除運(yùn)算后做出判斷。例如：錄音：
W: I want a single room with a bath . What’s the rent ?
M: It’s $ 6 a day .
考題： How much does she have to pay if she stays for 5 days ?
A. $ 6 。 B. $ 11。 C. $ 30 。
答案：C 。
又如：錄音：
M: Do you know how old Dick is this year ?
W: Well, let me see . I’m 39 and he is 4 years younger .
考題：How old is Dick now ?
A. 39 。 B. 43 。 C. 35。
答案：C。
5．時(shí)間判斷題。對話或獨(dú)白中給出一個(gè)動作的時(shí)間，考題中考查與所給動作時(shí)間有關(guān)動作的發(fā)生時(shí)間。例如：
錄音：
M: Lucy , can you tell me when Linda will get here ?
W: I’m not sure , but she is supposed to be here at ten to nine .
問題：When should Linda get here ?
A. At 8:50 。 B. At 9:00。 C. At 10:00 。
答案：A。
又如：錄音：
M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven .
W: Yes, he’ll be here in 15 minutes .
考題：
What time is it now ?
A. 7:15 。 B. 6:40 。 C. 7:45 。
6．對話背景。通過聽對話人的語氣，細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，判斷對話的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、所發(fā)生的事件等。例如：錄音：
W: Come in and sit down .
M: Thank you . Here O’ve got a small present for you for Christmas .
W: How nice of you ! Let’s open it right now . Oh , how lovely it is !
M: This small basket will be just right for candy and some other little things .
W: Where did you get it ?
M: It’s from China . two months ago , I went to China with my parents and I bought it for you in Beijing , the capital of China.
W: From China? Thank you so much . No wonder it’s so lovely . China’s famous for its handicrafts . Let me see what it is made of .
M: It’s woven of bamboo .
W: Really ? How skillfully it’s done ! I’ll set it right here . Everybody can see it when coming in .
M: I’m very glad you like it .
考題：Where does this conversation take place ?
A. At a restaurant . B. At the woman’s home . C. In the street .
答案：B。
7．雙方的關(guān)系。通過聽對話，判斷說話人的關(guān)系。例如：錄音：
W: Hi, Mr.White . Do you know me ?
M: Of course . Who doesn’t ? Ann , the most outstanding student at our school . What can I do for you today ?
W: Can I speak to you for a few minutes ?
M: Yes. Go ahead .
W: The entrance exams are coming . I’ve some questions about what to study in the future .
M: What do you like ?
W: I’m interested in literature, especially world literatures . But my parent want me to study physics . They said physics was more useful than literature . What’s more , it would be easier for me to find a job after graduation.
M: It’s too early to think of finding jobs now . And physics and literature are both sciences , although quite different . Literature is as useful as physics . There’re many outstanding scientists . There’re also many great writers . You can’t tell who are more important . All of them have made great contributions to their countries and to the whole world and mankind as well .
W: Yes. How nice it would be if only my parents could see things this way !
考題：What ‘s the most probable relationship between the two speakers ?
A. They are friends . B.They are teacher and student.
B. They are boss and employee.
答案：B。
三、 問說話人的意圖或觀點(diǎn)。例如：錄音：
W: If I speak this way , could you hear me clearly ?
M: Go ahead .
考題：What does the man mean ?
A. The woman should go away . B. He will get closer to her
C. He can hear her very well .
答案：C。
又如：
W: Hi , Fred . Where have you been ?
M: I’ve been to the library and borrowed some English books . Why do you ask ?
W: I thought you’d been to the post office . Did you find the money I left on the desk ?
M: Yes, $10 altogether . But I don’t know what it is for .
W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money ?
M: Note “ What note ? I don’t see any note .
W: Really ? It’s very strange . I left the money with a note saying I wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me . I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention .
M: I see now . Why can’t you go and get them yourself ? The post office is ony about 30 minutes’ walk from here . We often walk there after supper .
W: Of course I know how far it is from our school . I can’t go there myself because I’ve very busy doing some chemical experiments in the lab . And what’s more , I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed in the last one . If I can’t pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me .
考題： Where did the man go ?
A.To the library . B. The she chemistry lab C. To the post office
四、 考推測。對話或獨(dú)白中沒有直接提出事情的結(jié)果，需要考生根據(jù)對話中提到的線索進(jìn)行推測。例如：錄音：
M: Is that Ann ?
W: Yes .
M: This is Mike . How are things with you ?
W: Oh, very well, but I’m very busy .
M: Busy ? But you’ve finished all your exams ?
W: Yes, but I’ve lots of other things to do . I have to help my little sister with her foreign language .
M: How about coming out with me this evening ? There’s a new film put on .
W: I’m sorry , but I’m afraid I just can’t go with you . A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him this evening .
M: What a pity ! How about weekend then ?
W: No, I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents . We’er all very interested in arts , you know .
M: What about next week sometime ?
W: Maybe .
考題：What is the woman going to do tonight ?
A. Help her sister with English .
B. Meet her friend at the station .
C. Go to an exhibition with her parents .
答案 ：B 。
又如：錄音：
M: We should stop here since we have been working for hours .
W: You are right . I’m a little bit tired .
考題：What will they do now ?
A. Have a rest . B. Go on working . C. Stop to work .
答案：A。
五、 聽語氣判斷說話人的身份、或態(tài)度。例如：錄音：
M: You go ahead and sit next to Jack . He often talks too much while watching games .
W: Why me ?
考題：What do you know from the woman’s answer ?
A. She can’t understand the man very well .
B. She doesn’t agree with the man .
C. Tom won’t like her sitting .
答案：B。
