實(shí)用高中英語短語與句型詞典
refer
1. refer to
(1) 提到,談到。如:
This matter is finished, so pleasedon’t refer to it. 這事已結(jié)束了,所以別再提它了。
(2) 意指,指……而言。如:
I don’t know what he refersto. 我不知他指的是什么。
When I said some people are stupid, Iwasn’t referring to you. 我說有些人很愚蠢,并不是指你。
(3) 查閱,參考,看。如:
I often refer to a dictionary for thespelling of a word. 我經(jīng)常翻詞典查詞的拼法。
You can refer to your notes when youare speaking. 你發(fā)言時可以看稿子。
(4) 適用于,與……有關(guān)。如:
The regulations refer only tochildren. 這些規(guī)定只適用于小孩。
What I have to say refers to all ofyou. 我要說的事與你們大家都有關(guān)。
2. refer sth (sb) to
(1) 把某事歸功于……。如:
He referred his wealth to hardwork. 他說他是勤勞致富。
(2) 叫某人參考或查詢……。如:
The teacher referred me to thedictionary. 老師叫我去查字典。
(3) 把……引向(轉(zhuǎn)給)……。如:
He referred me to the EnquiryOffice. 他要我去找問訊處。
The shop referred the complaint(back) to the makers of the article. 商店把顧客批評產(chǎn)品的意見轉(zhuǎn)給廠方。
refuse
1. refuse sb sth 拒絕給某人某事物。如:
He refused her nothing.她要什么他就給什么。
He refused me that book.他拒絕給我那本書。
注:有時可轉(zhuǎn)換成 refuse sth to sb。如:
We refused him admittance. / Werefused admittance to him. 我們不讓他入場。
2. refuse to do sth 拒絕(不愿)做某事。如:
He refused to help us.他拒絕幫助我們。
She refused to tell her age.她不愿說出她的年齡。
注:有時句子主語可以是事物。如:
The door refused to open.門老是不開。
refuse 可接不定式,但一般不接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
誤:He refused me to go with him.
正:He refused to let me go withhim. 他不讓我同他們?nèi)ァ?/span>
regard
1. as regards / with [in] regard to 關(guān)于,至于。如:
As regards money, I haveenough. 至于錢,我有的是。
What have you to say in regard tothat subject? 對那個問題你有什么要說的?
2. regard…as 把……看作。如:
He regard her as a fool.他把她當(dāng)作笨蛋。
He regarded the situation as (being)serious. 他認(rèn)為形勢嚴(yán)重。
We can’t regard the matter assettled. 我們不能認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決。
注:該句型中的 as 通常不能省略,也不能改為 to be。
3. regard…with 用……看待。如:
They regard the situation withanxiety. 他們?yōu)榫謩輷?dān)憂。
We regard her behavior withsuspicion. 我們對她的行為有懷疑。
4. send [give] sb one’s regards 向某人問好。如:
Mother sends his regards toyou. 母親向你問好。
Please give him our (best)regards. 請代我們向他問好。
regret
1. regret doing [having done] sth 后悔(遺憾)做了某事。如:
She never regretted doingthis. 她從沒后悔這樣做過。
I regret not coming [having come]earlier. 我后悔沒有來早點(diǎn)。
注:regret 后接動名詞,表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事表示遺憾, 該動名詞可用一般式,也可用完成式,有時還可以用不定式的完成式,但很少見。但是若句中含有具體的過去時間狀語,則用動名詞的一般式表示已發(fā)生的動作。如:
I regret going thereyesterday. 我后悔昨天去了那兒。
2. regret to do sth 很遺憾要做某事。如:
I regret to tell you that he can’tcome. 很抱歉他不能來。
We regret to say that we can’t acceptyour kind offer. 很抱歉我們不能接受你的友好提供。
注:其后所接不定式通常是 to say, to tell, to inform等,此時主語一般是第一人稱,且 regret 通常用現(xiàn)在時。
relate
1. be related to
(1) 與……有關(guān)或有聯(lián)系。如:
Light industry is closely related toagriculture. 輕工業(yè)與所有其它事物相聯(lián)系。
(2) 與……有親戚關(guān)系。如:
He is related to her father.他同她父親有親戚關(guān)系。
2. relate to
(1) 與……有關(guān)。如:
This letter relates to the sale ofthe house. 這封信與賣房有關(guān)。
Did this matter relate to what he didlast year? 這件事與他去年做的那件事有關(guān)系嗎?
(2) 與……相處好或適合某情況(多用于否定句)。如:
She doesn’t relate very well to hermother. 她與她母親關(guān)系不是很好。
有時也用介詞 with。如:
What he said doesn’t relate with thefacts. 他說的話與事實(shí)不符合。
remember
1. remember doing [having done] sth 記得做過某事。如:
I remember seeing hersomewhere. 我記得在哪里見過她。
Remember paying [having paid]him. 記住已經(jīng)付給他錢了。
Do you remember me [my] asking youthat same question? 你還記得我問過你那同一個問題嗎?
注:remember 后接動名詞表示記住已經(jīng)做過或發(fā)生過的事,該名詞可用一般式,也可用完成式,有時還可用不定式的完成式,但不如用動名詞普通。
2. remember to do sth 記住要做某事。如:
Remember to come on time.記住準(zhǔn)時來。
He asked me to remember to tell herthe new. 他叫我記得告訴她這個消息。
注:remember 后接不定式表示記住去做未做的事。
3. remember…as… 記得是。如:
I remember her as a pretty younggirl. 我記得她是一個漂亮的小姑娘。
4. remember sb to sb 代某人向某人問好。如:
Please remember me to Mary.請代我向瑪麗問好。
Mother asked to be remembered toyou. 母親要我向你問好。
remind
1. remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事,提醒某人某事。如:
She reminds me of her mother.我見到她便想起了她母親。
I reminded her of her promise.我提醒了她答應(yīng)過的事。
It reminded me of the mistakes I hadmade before. 這使我想起了我以前犯過的一些錯誤。
注:表示“提醒”時,有時可連用介詞about。如:
If I forget, please remind me aboutit. 我要是忘了, 請?zhí)嵝盐摇?/span>
2. remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事。如:
He reminded me to read thebook. 他提醒我要看看這本書。
The sight of the clock reminded me toleave at once. 一看鐘使我想起我得馬上走了。
比較 remind sb to do sth與 remind sb of doingsth:前者意為“提醒某人去做某事”,其中的不定式所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生;后者表示“提醒某人或使某人想起已經(jīng)做過某事”,其中的不定式所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。比較:
He reminded me to see thefilm. 他提醒我去看這部電影。
He reminded me of my seeing thefilm. 他提醒我說, 我曾看過這部電影。
repeat
1. repeat (sth) after sb 跟著某人說。如:
Repeat the text after me.跟我讀課文。
Repeat after me: good, better,best. 跟我說:好,更好,最好。
2. repeat oneself 重說自己的話,重做自己做過的事。如:
Am I repeating myself?這事我以前說過嗎?
History seems to be repeatingitself. 歷史似乎在重演。
reply
1. reply to 回答,答復(fù)。如:
Have you replied to hisletter? 你給他回信了嗎?
Please reply to my question atonce. 請馬上回答我的問題。
2. in reply to 作為對……的回答(答復(fù))。如:
What did you say in reply to hissuggestion? 你是怎樣答復(fù)他的建議的?
3. make no reply 不作答。如:
I asked him if I could help, but hemade no reply. 我問他我是否能幫忙,他沒有回答。
report
1. report to sb 向某人報(bào)告。如:
We must report to the teacher atonce. 我們必須要馬上向老師報(bào)告。
2. report sb (sth) to sb 將某人(某事)向某人報(bào)告(告發(fā))。如:
We’ll report you to theteacher. 我們將向老師告發(fā)你。
He reported his discoveries to theprofessor. 他把自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)向教授作了匯報(bào)。
3. report doing sth 報(bào)告說做了某事。如:
They reported seeing [having seen]UFOs. 他們報(bào)告說他們看見了飛碟。
4. It’s reported that……據(jù)說……。如:
It’s reported that the driver wasseriously injured. 據(jù)說司機(jī)受了重傷。
注:該句型也可說成:
The driver was reported (to be)seriously injured.
Report has it that the drivers wasseriously injured.
Report says that the drivers wasseriously injured.
request
1. at one’s request 應(yīng)某人的請求(要求)。如:
We came at her request.我們應(yīng)她的請求而來。
He did it at his wife’srequest. 他應(yīng)妻子的要求做此事。
2. by request (of sb) 應(yīng)(某人的)請求。如:
Buses stop here by request.公共汽車招手即停。
I’ll sing this song by request (ofMrs Smith). 我將應(yīng)(史密斯夫人之)邀演唱這首歌。
3. in (great) request 受歡迎的,眾人需求的。如:
Such books are in greatrequest. 那樣的書非常需要。
These white socks have been much inrequest lately. 這種白色短襪近來很行俏。
4. request to do sth 要求(請求)做某事。如:
He requested to go alone.他請求一個人去。
5. request sb to do sth 要求(請求)某人做某事。如:
I request him to help.我請求他幫忙。
All the students are requested toattended the meeting. 所有學(xué)生都要求參加會議。
6. request sth of [from] sb 向某人要求某物。如:
They requested a loan from thebank. 他們要求銀行給他們一筆貸款。
All I request of you is that you(should) come earlier. 我對你的唯一要求就是要你來得更早點(diǎn)。
rescue
1. rescue sb from 把某人從……救出。如:
He managed to rescue him fromdanger. 他設(shè)法把他從危險(xiǎn)中救了出來。
She was rescued from a burningbuilding. 她被人從著火的大樓里救了出來。
2. come [go] to one’s rescue 營救或幫助某人。如:
Then we all went to hisrescue. 這時我們都去援救他。
Our car wouldn’t start, but a friendcame to our rescue and drove us home. 我們的汽車發(fā)動不起來了,一位朋友趕來幫忙,用車把我們送回了家。
research
1. do research on [into] 對……進(jìn)行研究(調(diào)查)。如:
They have done a good deal ofresearch on that subject. 他們對這一課題進(jìn)行了大量的研究。
He’s doing research(es) into thecauses of cancer. / He’s doing research(es) on cancer.他在研究癌癥的病因。
注:對人或動物進(jìn)行研究,通常用介詞 on。如:
The scientists are doing research oncats. 科學(xué)家們對貓進(jìn)行研究
2. research on [into] 對……進(jìn)行研究(調(diào)查)。如:
The professor is researching into OldEnglish poetry. 這位教授在研究古英語詩歌。
The doctors are researching into[on]the effects of cigarette smoking. 醫(yī)生們在研究吸煙的影響。
注:對人或動物進(jìn)行研究,通常用介詞 on。如:
We’re researching on monkeys.我們在對猴子進(jìn)行研究。
resist
1. resist doing sth 反抗做某事,(忍)耐做某事。如:
He resisted being carried off.他反抗不讓帶走。
This metal resisted rusting.這種金屬是防銹的。
2. can’t resist (doing) sth
(1) 忍住做某事。如:
He couldn’t resist laughing.他忍不住笑了。
I can’t resist (making) ajoke. 我忍不住要講個笑話。
(2) 忍不住要吃某東西。如:
I can’t resist a cigarette.我忍不住要抽支煙。
She can’t resist sweet things.她看到甜食就想吃。
respect
1. respect oneself 自尊,自重。如:
If you don’t respect yourself, howcan you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重,又怎能受到別人的尊重呢?
2. have [show] respect for 尊敬……。如:
I have the greatest respect forJane’s judgment. 我非常尊重簡的判斷。
Students should show [have] respectfor their teachers. 學(xué)生要尊敬老師。
3. send [give] sb one’s respects 向某人問候。如:
My mother gives [sends] you herrespects. / My mother gives
[sends] her respects to you.我母親向你問候。
rest
1. have [take] a rest 休息一會兒。如:
Let’s stop and take [have] arest. 我們停下來歇會兒吧。
You’re tired. Why don’t you have[take] a rest? 你累了,為什么不休息一會兒呢?
2. the rest 其余的人(物),剩下的部分。如:
The rest needs no telling.其余的就不用說了。
One of the books is written inChinese, and the rest are
in English. 那些書中有一本是中文的,其余都是英文聽。
注:the rest 用作主語時,其謂語要根據(jù)它所指的內(nèi)容,可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)(見上例)。
result
1. as a result 結(jié)果,因此。如:
As a result he had to leave hiscountry. 結(jié)果他只好離開自己的國家。
He had some bad fish. As a result, hefelt ill. 他吃了些壞魚,結(jié)果感到不舒服。
2. as a [the] result of 由于……的結(jié)果。如:
He is unable to go to work as aresult of the fall from his horse. 他從馬上摔下來,所以不能上班了。
As a [the] result of his hard work,he got a pay rise. 由于他工作勤奮, 所以他加了工資。
3. result from 由于……而產(chǎn)生(的結(jié)果)。如:
Success results from hardwork. 成功來自于努力工作。
The damage resulted from thefire. 這損失由火災(zāi)所致。
4. result in 導(dǎo)致……(的結(jié)果),以……而告終。如:
Our efforts resulted in success(failure). 我們的努力終于成功了(以失敗而告終)。
Love results in marriage,naturally. 戀愛終歸于婚姻(有情人終成眷屬)。
return
1. in return (for) (作為……的)報(bào)答或交換。如:
What can I do in return for yourkindness? 我怎樣做才能報(bào)答你的好意呢?
She gave us food and clothing andasked for nothing in return. 她給我們食物和衣服,并沒向我們索取任何回報(bào)。
2. on [upon] one’s return:回來的時候。如:
On his return he went to seeher. 他一回來就去看她。
On his return from work he found herasleep. 他下班回來,發(fā)現(xiàn)她睡著了。
3. return from 從……回來。如:
He has just returned fromParis. 他剛從巴黎回來。
We’re looking forward to your returnfrom Paris. 我們盼望你從巴黎回來。
比較:He has just returned to Paris.他剛回到巴黎。
4. return sb sth / return sth to sb 把某物還給某人。如:
He didn’t return me the book. / Hedidn’t return the book to me. 他沒有還書給我。
rich
1. be rich in 盛產(chǎn)……,充滿……,有豐富的……。如:
Our country is rich inminerals. 我國礦產(chǎn)豐富。
Oranges are rich in vitamin C.桔子含有豐富的維生素C。
The city is rich in ancientbuildings. 這個城市有很多古老的建筑。
2. rich and poor 窮人和富人。如:
Rich and poor celebrate the SpringFestival. 窮人和富人都慶祝春節(jié)。
3. rich or poor 不管是窮人還是富人。如:
Rich or poor, they are all myfriends. 不管是窮人還是富要,他們都是我的朋友。
4. the rich 富人。如:
The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。
注:the rich 可以有修飾語。如:
You can tell the very rich by theirevening dress. 你可以從晚禮服認(rèn)出那些極有錢的富人。
rid
1. rid……of 改掉,擺脫,消滅。如:
You should rid yourself of that badhabit. 你應(yīng)該要改掉那個壞習(xí)慣。
We must try to rid the house ofmice. 我們一定要設(shè)法把屋里的老鼠消滅掉。
2. be rid of 消除掉,擺脫掉。如:
He was at last rid of thetoothache. 他最后擺脫了牙痛。
She was glad to be rid of him.她很高興擺脫了他(的糾纏)。
3. get rid of 擺脫,除掉,處理掉。如:
It took me a month to get rid of thecough. 拖了一個月我的咳嗽才好。
How can we get rid of the unwelcomevisitor? 我們怎樣才能把這位不受歡迎的客人呢?