狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
?、瘛⒁詉f從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法
?、?、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
Ⅲ、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
Ⅳ、不定式符號(hào)to的省略
?、酢o和not的替代性省略
?、?、日常交際中的省略
省略句用法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
種類 | 例句 | 說明 |
主語(yǔ)的省略 | Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far fromthe sea.) | 有時(shí)也可省略整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只保留次要成分。 She was poor but (she was) honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it untilyou told me.) |
謂語(yǔ)的省略 | --what do you think made Mary so upset? --Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset). | |
狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 | Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the houselooks like tiny toys. If (it is) possible, I’ll go there with you. | 注意狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)同主句主語(yǔ)的一致性。 |
不定式的省略 | The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mothertold him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.) --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpectedvisitor. | 若不定式后面是完成時(shí)，省略時(shí)應(yīng)保留have；不定式后含有動(dòng)詞be的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，也要保留be動(dòng)詞。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news), but I didn’t know how tospeak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. |
Ⅰ、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
一、如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were)，可同時(shí)省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的某種形式。
1、when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless，once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to theenvironment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will bepunished.
3、though，although，whether，no matterwhether/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill itin time.(注：從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，只省略從句中的be動(dòng)詞形式)
4、as if，as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was)waking up after a long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though +to do表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作)
二、than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法：
當(dāng)不同的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，一般省略從句中的謂語(yǔ);當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)(be動(dòng)詞除外)和主句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，通常省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只保留比較部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) inhim.
三、以if從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will berebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (thereare) any.
Ⅱ、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí)，可以省略;inwhich或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is mygrandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
?、?、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
1、當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were，had，should等時(shí)省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with mystudents.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to loseweight.
?、?、不定式符號(hào)to的省略
1、感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式省略to。
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式。
e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TVyesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be，have時(shí)，也保留be和have。
e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’twant to.
?、?、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等連用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – Isuppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略
在情景會(huì)話中，答語(yǔ)常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies,please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never(been to the Great Wall).
二、than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法：
當(dāng)不同的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，一般省略從句中的謂語(yǔ);當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)(be動(dòng)詞除外)和主句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，通常省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只保留比較部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) inhim.
三、以if從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will berebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (thereare) any.
?、?、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí)，可以省略;inwhich或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is mygrandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
?、蟆⑻摂M語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
1、當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were，had，should等時(shí)省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with mystudents.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to loseweight.
?、簟⒉欢ㄊ椒?hào)to的省略
1、感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式省略to。
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式。
e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TVyesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be，have時(shí)，也保留be和have。
e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’twant to.
?、?、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等連用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – Isuppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略
在情景會(huì)話中，答語(yǔ)常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies,please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never(been to the Great Wall).
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