高考英語考前玩轉(zhuǎn)高頻語法系列13專題——冠詞
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：
冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article）和定冠詞（The definite Article）兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞，a用在輔音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定 冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1、指人或事物的某一種類（泛指）。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定詞組中。如：
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞，起具體 化的作用。如：
This little girl is a joy to her parents . 這女孩對她父母來說是一個(gè)樂趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤?/span>
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個(gè)會(huì)，對我來說是一種榮譽(yù)。
二、定冠詞的用法：
1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如：
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提過的人或事物（第二次出現(xiàn)）。如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby i n her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：
the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。（副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞可省略）如：
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些專有名詞前（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞）。如：
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：
on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如：
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在報(bào)刊、雜志前。如：
the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報(bào)。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如：
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容詞前，表某一類人。如：
the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如：
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠詞（即不用冠詞）：
1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如：
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如：
Go down this street.
3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。如：
We are students.
I like reading stories.
4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：
Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is N ew Year’s Day.
It is Sunday.
March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前，尤其作表語、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)。如：
What’s the matter, Granny?
We elected him monitor.
6、在某些習(xí)慣用語中的名詞前。如：
at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如：
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如：
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：
1、 We can’t live without air.
A．an B．× C．the D．some
2、——Have you seen__________ pen? I left it here this morning.
——Is it __________black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him for__________ hour and __________half.
A．×; × B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a
4、What __________ fine weather we have today!
A．a B．× C．some D．an
5、Have you ever seen __________ as tall as this one?
A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree
6、Children usually go to__________ school at __________ age of six.
A．×; the B．a; an C．the; × D．the; the
7、 Himalayas is highest mountain in world.
A．×; the;× B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×
8、They each have ___________book. Li Hua’s is about__________ writer. Wang Lin’s is on __________ science.
A．a; a; × B．the; ×; the C．×; the; × D．a; the; a
9、 Physics is science of matter and energy.
A．The; × B．×; × C．×; the D．A; a
10、 sun rises in east and sets in west.
A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__________ knowledge of English is a must in __________ international trade today.
A．a;× B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the
12、__________ Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in __________ bed.
temper. A．×;a B．A;× C ．The; the D．A; a
13、They were at __________ dinner then. It was__________ delicious one.
A．a; the B．×;× C．×;a D．a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A．× B．the C．a D．an
15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to__________ music.
A．×; the B．×;× C．the; × D．the; the
16、Beyond __________ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but __________ space.
A．the; × B．×; the C．×;× D．the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented __________ telephone in 1876.
A．× B．a C．the D．one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still in __________ bed, but he might just be in__________ bathroom.
A．×;× B．the; the C．the; × D．×; the
19、Many people are still in__________ habit of writing silly things in__________ public places.
A．the; the B．×;× C．the; × D．×; the
20、——I’d like __________ information about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could have __________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可數(shù)名詞。
2、D 此題為97年高考題。根據(jù)句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出現(xiàn)；第二空仍是泛指，且表數(shù)量“－”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可數(shù)名詞。
5、A 此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短語。
7、B 山脈、形容詞最高級(jí)及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
8、 A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可數(shù)名詞。
9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠詞；第二空特指，有定語。
10、C
11、A 第一空，a + 不可數(shù)名詞表具體的介紹；第二空，trade不可數(shù)。
12、D 第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時(shí)候來訪。（括號(hào)里說明，我們倆都不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短語，情緒不好。
13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃飯，固定短語。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此題是高考題：樂器前加定冠詞；music是不可數(shù)名詞。
16、A 此題是高考題：stars前應(yīng)加定冠詞；space不可數(shù)。
17、C 此題是高考題：發(fā)明應(yīng)是特指。
18、D 此題是高考題。in bed是固定短語，不加冠詞。
19、C 此題是高考題。第一空后有定語，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共場所，泛指。
20、A 此題是高考題。information是不可數(shù)名詞；have a word with sb.是固定短語。
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