let alone, not to speak of, still less 等更不用說
Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ________ the same company.
A) all else B) much worse C) less likely D) let alone
這道題的答案是D。題目的意思是:今天,越來越少的人愿意在同一領(lǐng)域工作一輩子,更不用說在同一家公司了。
let alone是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ),意思是"更不用說" 。又如:
1. 英國(guó)人自己也常常不能確定什么是俚語(yǔ),更不用說外國(guó)人了。
Englishmen themselves are often uncertain what is slang and what isn't, let alone foreigners.(《英漢大詞典》)
2. 他連買一輛舊汽車的錢都不夠,更不用說買一輛新的了。
He didn't even have enough money to buy a used car, let alone a new one. (《英語(yǔ)慣用短語(yǔ)詞典》)
3. 這嬰兒連走路都不會(huì),更不用說跑了。
The baby can't even walk, let alone run.(《簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)辭典》)
除let alone外,"更不用說"在英語(yǔ)中還可用其它一些短語(yǔ)來表達(dá),常見的有not to speak of, not to mention, to say nothing of, much/still/even less, much/still more等?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合例句簡(jiǎn)介如下:
一﹑not to speak of (后接名詞)
1. 他的朋友和同事都會(huì)為此事難過,更不用說他的父母了。
His friends and colleagues will be very upset, not to speak of his parents. (《英漢大詞典》)
2. 這位學(xué)者精通拉丁語(yǔ),至于他的本族語(yǔ)--英語(yǔ)就更不用說了。
The scholar is well versed in Latin, not to speak of English which is his native language.(《英語(yǔ)慣用短語(yǔ)辭典》)
3. 他會(huì)說德語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ),更不用說英語(yǔ)了。
He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.(《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)
二﹑ not to mention或without mentioning (后接名詞)
1. 他們連法國(guó)香檳酒也端來給我們喝,更不用說平常的雞尾酒了。
We were served French champagne, not to mention usual cocktail.(《英漢大詞典》)
2. 這孩子算術(shù)還沒學(xué)會(huì),更不用說代數(shù)了。
The boy has not learnt arithmetic, not to mention algebra.(《新英漢詞典》)
3. 大人﹑小孩都不贊成這個(gè)建議,更不用說年輕人了。
Old folks and children alike are all against the proposal , not to mention the youth.(《英漢六用詞典》)
三﹑ to say nothing of (后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)
1. 這個(gè)句子別扭得很,更不用說它語(yǔ)義晦澀了。
This sentence is very awkward, to say nothing of its being obscure. (《簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)辭典》)
2. 許多人受了重傷,更不用說房屋的毀壞了。
Many people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. (《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)
四﹑much/still/even less (后接代詞﹑動(dòng)詞或句子)
1. 我想都未想到它,更不用說講到它了。
I never think of it, much less say it.(《英語(yǔ)慣用短語(yǔ)辭典》)
2. 她連自己的工作都不能及時(shí)完成,更不用說幫助別人了。
She can't finish her own work in time, even less help others.(《英語(yǔ)慣用法大詞典》)
3. 他看都看不懂英語(yǔ),更不用說教了。
He can't read English; still less can he teach it.(《英漢六用詞典》)
五﹑never mind(常用于口語(yǔ))
I can't walk, never mind run.我連走都不行,更不用說跑了。(《英漢大詞典》)
六﹑much/ still more(用于肯定句,后接名詞或介詞短語(yǔ))
1. 她法語(yǔ)都懂,英語(yǔ)就更不用說了。
She knows French, much more English. (《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)
2. 他對(duì)我很和善,更不用說對(duì)我哥哥了。
He is kind to me, still more to my elder brother.(《英語(yǔ)慣用短語(yǔ)詞典》)
七、much/ still less(后接動(dòng)詞或句子)
1. 她連飲料都不愿喝一杯,更別提留下吃飯了。
She wouldn't take a drink, much less stay for dinner.(《英漢大詞典》)
2. 法語(yǔ)不是法國(guó)人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),英語(yǔ)就更不成其為英國(guó)人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)了。
French is not the private property of Frenchmen, and still less is English the private property of Englishmen.(《英漢大詞典》)
much less, still less引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定。
less是由little的否定意義而來的，所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中，意為"更不用說、更不必說"。
to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone這四個(gè)詞組意為"更不消說"，也是一種追補(bǔ)的說法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同，這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定意義。如果前一句是否定，則追加的也是否定意義。
We have no room for another house guest, let alone an entire family.
she can't boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.
He was too tired to walk, let alone run.
The father can't even discipline himself much less setting a good example to his children.
想一想：這句話中的much less為什么不能用let ？
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