Part A：短對話（Short Conversation） 考試當(dāng)天你將會碰到如下的答題提示： Directions：In Part A， you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation， you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After hear a question， read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then， on your answer sheet， find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. 1.基本策略 你所聽到的directions叫你先聽問題再讀選項然后決定選那個選項。對有些人來說這沒有問題，但大部分人發(fā)現(xiàn)先讀選項對做題很有用。這一技巧我們稱之為逆向搜索法。下面是逆向搜索法的具體步驟： ①打開磁帶聽Direction，在這一時間里，考試中心不讓你看選項。 ?、诋?dāng)Direction叫你turn the page時，快速看題目的四個選項。你可能只有1至2秒的時間，但盡量看那些在4個選項中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞，諸如名字，地點(diǎn)等等。這將在你聽到這些詞的時候?qū)δ阌兴鶐椭?。你甚至可能通過這些反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞和動詞猜出對話的主題。 ?、郛?dāng)對話開始的時候，立即停止看題，集中精神聽題。 ④當(dāng)問題問完以后，再讀一邊四個選項，選出你的答案。如果你無法馬上做出答案，盡量排除一些選項，然后從剩下的選項中選一個。 ?、菘焖僮屑?xì)的涂答題紙。馬上回到第2步，看下一題的四個選項。 逆向搜索法的好處： ?、倌隳艿玫疥P(guān)于對話內(nèi)容的線索。 ?、谀隳苓\(yùn)用你的閱讀能力和歸納能力來加強(qiáng)你的聽力能力。 ③當(dāng)你猜到一道題目的主題的時候，你會少一些緊張和焦慮，這將幫助你關(guān)注你所需要聽到的信息。 2.考點(diǎn) 在這一部分，你將首先聽到兩個人的對話，然后是一個問題，問題通常是關(guān)于第2個說話人的comment的。下面是這一部分?？嫉目键c(diǎn)。有時一道題中有不止一個的考點(diǎn)。詞匯純粹的單詞量測試，但通常不是難詞（大學(xué)四級或以下單詞）。比如題干中聽到形容詞terrific，那么包含terrific的同義詞excellent或者very good的選項就是正確答案。也就是說，不僅要認(rèn)識關(guān)鍵詞也要知道它常用的同義詞。不過，這種題大多比較容易。因?yàn)檫@些詞匯都很常見?，?/div> 1999年1月聽力題 W： Why are you leaving so early？ The movie doesn't start till seven. M： I don't want to be at the traffic there. It's a nightmare on the expressway during rush hour. Q： What does the man mean？ （A） He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam. ?。˙） He wants to leave the theater before the movie is over. ?。–） He doesn't know the way to the theater. ?。―） He doesn't usually get up at 7：00. 答案是A.這里整個對話都在講時間問題，關(guān)鍵詞是traffic（交通）。其實(shí)，即使你不認(rèn)識或者不十分確定它的意思，你也可以通過don't want to和avoid之間的同義轉(zhuǎn)換選出正確的答案?，?/div> 1999年1月聽力題 W：If George misses one more meeting we are going to have to find one new committee secretary.M：We'd better give him an ultimatum. Q： What does the man suggest they do？ ?。ˋ） Remove George from the committee immediately. ?。˙） Warn George that his attendance problem is serious. ?。–） Offer to help George during the meeting.（D） Telephone George to see if he's coming to the meeting.？ 答案是B. 如果你認(rèn)識并聽懂ultimatum是“最后通牒”的意思的話，你輕而易舉就能選出它的同義轉(zhuǎn)換warn sb about sth（警告）。而第一句同樣說明了George是個不太稱職的secretary，但卻用are going to將來時說明并非要remove George form the committee immediately. （2）習(xí)語和短語 習(xí)語和短語，指的是慣用詞組或者常見的口語化表達(dá)。它在托福聽力中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，而且比較難。原因仍然是我們平時很少練習(xí)聽力。而且口語化的表達(dá)也使一貫重視語法的中國式英語教育暴露出明顯的缺點(diǎn)。但是，你卻可以通過我們后面給你總結(jié)的托福聽力詞句精選快速地掌握這些常見的口語化表達(dá)和慣用詞組。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞組比如對話中說： Kathy's effort really paid off.那么選項中出現(xiàn)的Kathy's hard work had a positive result就是正確答案。這里考的是paid off這個短語的含義。 1999年1月聽力題 M： Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda？ W：I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg. Q： What does the woman imply about the ring. ?。ˋ） Linda didn't like it. （B） Bill lost it. ?。–） It was very expensive. ?。―） It was very small.？ 答案是C.同cost a fortune的意思一樣，cost one an arm and a leg都是形容很貴?，?999年1月聽力題 M：Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night？ I don't think I ever laughed so hard. W：Don't even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power failure in my building. Q： What does the woman mean？ ?。ˋ） She's upset that she missed the television program. ?。˙） She doesn't think the television program was funny. （C） She doesn't like talking about television programs. ?。―） She watched the television program at a friend's house.？答案是A.這里，重要的是認(rèn)識并聽懂power failure是停電的意思。 ?。?）虛擬語氣 比如，對話中出現(xiàn)了If I had known……I would have，答案應(yīng)該是didn't do something.這個題型的變化很小，考來考去就是一點(diǎn)虛擬語氣?，?/div> 1999年1月聽力題 W： Hey， Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while？ M：Hmm. I would if I weren't so far behind in this reading I'm doing for history. Q： What will the man probably do？ （A） Continue to read. ?。˙） Meet the woman at the library. （C） Make some coffee. ?。―） Go out with some friends.？ 雙重否定之下，只有A是正確答案?，?/div> 1999年1月聽力題 W：The museum exhibit that our professor recommended just closed. Last day yesterday. M： Oh. I was really looking forward to seeing it. Q： What does the man mean？ ?。ˋ） He is pleased the exhibit has closed. （B） He has already seen the exhibit. ?。–） He is disappointed the exhibit has closed. （D） He already knew the exhibit had closed.？答案是C. 同樣，過去式的助動詞was揭示了這是個虛擬語氣。 ?。?）順序問題 所謂動詞順序，指的就是動作的前后關(guān)系或者過去，將來等時間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者可能發(fā)生的動作。這里，要注意諸如no sooner than， hardly…… when，at first，in the morning等表示時間的短語，因?yàn)樗鼈兘沂玖藙幼鞯那昂箨P(guān)系?，?/div> 1999年1月聽力題 M： Can I get a ridesintosthe office with you tomorrow？ W： Another day would be fine. But I got to be downtown for a meeting first thing in the morning. Q： What does the woman imply？ （A） She'll drop the man off on the way to work. ?。˙） The man can ride downtown with her. ?。–） The man will have to leave earlier than usual. ?。―） She can't give the man a ride.？答案是D. 這里，序數(shù)詞first thing和動作got to be downtown說明了另外動作發(fā)生的不可能性，即“我不能帶你”。 1999年1月聽力題 W： I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether it was the kind of book you would be interested in. M：You know， I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn't put it down. Q： What does the man mean？ （A） He doubts the woman will like the novel. ?。˙） He hasn't started reading the novel yet. ?。–） He enjoyed reading the novel. ?。―） He'll lend the woman the novel after he has read it.？答案是C. 這里，過去完成時had the same doubt和過去式started，以及表示時間的詞（短語）at first和once揭示了已經(jīng)做過的動作，即閱讀過這本小說 ?。?）比較 對于比較問題，你聽對話時耳朵應(yīng)該對諸如better……than等比較級敏感一點(diǎn)，當(dāng)然還有than這個詞。 1999年1月聽力題 W： My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions？ M： It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you know a better place to go than me. Q： What does the man mean？ ?。ˋ） He already has plans for Saturday night. ?。˙） The woman should decideswheresto cat Saturday. ?。–） The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion. D） He will make a reservation at the restaurant.？答案是B. 這里，第二個人最后用比較級結(jié)束了這個對話，可謂“推卸”可能出現(xiàn)的飯不好吃的責(zé)任。“你比我清楚哪兒更好”，其實(shí)就等于“你自己找地方吧！”?，? 1999年1月聽力題 W： Well， if you are seriously considering buying a car， I'm trying to get rid of mine. All it needs is some new paint. M：Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth. Q： What will the man probably do？ ?。ˋ） Buy a car from the woman. （B） Help the woman paint her car. ?。–） Buy a new car. （D） Look for a less expensive car.？答案是C. 這里，第一個人說“如果你考慮買車的話，我的可以賣給你”。第二個人用了一個“thanks”禮貌地回絕了，并用比較級more trouble說明了不賣他的車的理由，當(dāng)然第二個人希望買輛新車。否則就不好意思了。 ?。?）語氣 語氣題，在聽力的短對話中出現(xiàn)得最多，也比較難。比如如題目中A說： They don't know the news yet. B說：They don't？就這么多。這時題目問what does B imply？答案是：He is surprised that they don't know the news.對付這類題目最好的辦法就是多練些題目，同時體會說話的語調(diào)，來判斷是肯定語氣還是否定語氣。 1999年1月聽力題 M：Have heard the news？ The manager posted this month's work schedule. W：She did？ Where？ Q： What does the woman ask？ ?。ˋ）swheresthe manager is. ?。˙）swheresshe will be working this month. ?。–）swheresshe can find the work schedule. ?。―）swheresthe man heard the news.？答案是C. 第二個人的第二個問“where？”已經(jīng)肯定了“she did posted this month's work schedule”。只是不清楚“where she posted this month's work schedule”，而不是選項D中的“where the man heard the news”。 ?。?）相似發(fā)音 一些音近的詞，如題目中有remember一詞，答案中的干擾選項中有number， member這兩個詞，聽起來有點(diǎn)像。如果聽的時候不是很仔細(xì)，就容易出錯。對付這類題目的方法是熟悉出題的思路，如你知道音近是托付出題的一個考點(diǎn)，那就在心里有根弦，這樣陷阱倒反成了很明顯的標(biāo)志，然后知道這類題目通常的答案是用一個短語來解釋一個詞如上面講的這道題，答案選一個包含有。not forget.短語的選項，而那些含有音近詞的選項都是錯的。請看下面一道例題： M： That's an awfully heavy sweater for a day like today. W： Well， I'm going to be at a lecture in the auditorium most of this morning. And you know what the air conditioning is like in there. Q： What does the man imply？ ?。ˋ） No one will be able to see what he is wearing. （B） It is cool in the lecture hall. ?。–） He expects the weather to change later in the day. ?。―） The weather is heavily polluted today.？答案是A.選項C和D都出現(xiàn)了與sweater音近的詞weather.其中選項D更容易讓考生混淆，因?yàn)樗锩婧衕eavily和today與對話中的第一句很像。 ?。?）地點(diǎn)（場景） 地點(diǎn)，考一些常見的動作的發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，這個又叫場景題，主要是看對各個場景的熟練程度。 W： I need the receipt for the book insgroupsto exchange it. M： All right. Here you are. Q：swheresdoes the conversation most likely take place？ （A） In a bookstore ?。˙） In an apartment （C） In a classroom ?。―） In a library？答案是A. 這里，第一個人的話有兩個詞，receipt（收據(jù)）和exchange說明了他們應(yīng)該在商店里。名詞book也證實(shí)了這個答案。
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