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數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

• 用戶ID：按照進(jìn)程的USER ID進(jìn)行分組，在對(duì)應(yīng)的/sys/kernel/uid/目錄下會(huì)生成一個(gè)cpu.share的文件，可以通過(guò)配置該文件來(lái)配置用戶所占CPU時(shí)間比例。
• cgourp(control group)：生成組用于限制其所有進(jìn)程，比如我生成一個(gè)組(生成后此組為空，里面沒(méi)有進(jìn)程)，設(shè)置其CPU使用率為10%，并把一個(gè)進(jìn)程丟進(jìn)這個(gè)組中，那么這個(gè)進(jìn)程最多只能使用CPU的10%，如果我們將多個(gè)進(jìn)程丟進(jìn)這個(gè)組，這個(gè)組的所有進(jìn)程平分這個(gè)10%。

1. /* 一個(gè)調(diào)度實(shí)體(紅黑樹的一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn))，其包含一組或一個(gè)指定的進(jìn)程，包含一個(gè)自己的運(yùn)行隊(duì)列，一個(gè)父親指針，一個(gè)指向需要調(diào)度的運(yùn)行隊(duì)列指針 */
   
2. struct sched_entity {
   
3.     /* 權(quán)重，在數(shù)組prio_to_weight[]包含優(yōu)先級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)權(quán)重的數(shù)值 */
   
4.     struct load_weight    load;        /* for load-balancing */
   
5.     /* 實(shí)體在紅黑樹對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)點(diǎn)信息 */
   
6.     struct rb_node        run_node;    
   
7.     /* 實(shí)體所在的進(jìn)程組 */
   
8.     struct list_head    group_node;
   
9.     /* 實(shí)體是否處于紅黑樹運(yùn)行隊(duì)列中 */
   
10.     unsigned int        on_rq;
    
11. 
    
12.     /* 開始運(yùn)行時(shí)間 */
    
13.     u64            exec_start;
    
14.     /* 總運(yùn)行時(shí)間 */
    
15.     u64            sum_exec_runtime;
    
16.     /* 虛擬運(yùn)行時(shí)間，在時(shí)間中斷或者任務(wù)狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變時(shí)會(huì)更新
    
17.      * 其會(huì)不停增長(zhǎng)，增長(zhǎng)速度與load權(quán)重成反比，load越高，增長(zhǎng)速度越慢，就越可能處于紅黑樹最左邊被調(diào)度
    
18.      * 每次時(shí)鐘中斷都會(huì)修改其值
    
19.      * 具體見(jiàn)calc_delta_fair()函數(shù)
    
20.      */
    
21.     u64            vruntime;
    
22.     /* 進(jìn)程在切換進(jìn)CPU時(shí)的sum_exec_runtime值 */
    
23.     u64            prev_sum_exec_runtime;
    
24. 
    
25.     /* 此調(diào)度實(shí)體中進(jìn)程移到其他CPU組的數(shù)量 */
    
26.     u64            nr_migrations;
    
27. 
    
28. #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
    
29.     /* 用于統(tǒng)計(jì)一些數(shù)據(jù) */
    
30.     struct sched_statistics statistics;
    
31. #endif
    
32. 
    
33. #ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
    
34.     /* 代表此進(jìn)程組的深度，每個(gè)進(jìn)程組都比其parent調(diào)度組深度大1 */
    
35.     int            depth;
    
36.     /* 父親調(diào)度實(shí)體指針，如果是進(jìn)程則指向其運(yùn)行隊(duì)列的調(diào)度實(shí)體，如果是進(jìn)程組則指向其上一個(gè)進(jìn)程組的調(diào)度實(shí)體
    
37.      * 在 set_task_rq 函數(shù)中設(shè)置
    
38.      */
    
39.     struct sched_entity    *parent;
    
40.     /* 實(shí)體所處紅黑樹運(yùn)行隊(duì)列 */
    
41.     struct cfs_rq        *cfs_rq;        
    
42.     /* 實(shí)體的紅黑樹運(yùn)行隊(duì)列，如果為NULL表明其是一個(gè)進(jìn)程，若非NULL表明其是調(diào)度組 */
    
43.     struct cfs_rq        *my_q;
    
44. #endif
    
45. 
    
46. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    
47.     /* Per-entity load-tracking */
    
48.     struct sched_avg    avg;
    
49. #endif
    
50. };

1. struct task_struct {
   
2.     ........
   
3.     /* 表示是否在運(yùn)行隊(duì)列 */
   
4.     int on_rq;
   
5. 
   
6.     /* 進(jìn)程優(yōu)先級(jí)
   
7.      * prio: 動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)，范圍為100~139，與靜態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)和補(bǔ)償(bonus)有關(guān)
   
8.      * static_prio: 靜態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)，static_prio = 100 + nice + 20 (nice值為-20~19,所以static_prio值為100~139)
   
9.      * normal_prio: 沒(méi)有受優(yōu)先級(jí)繼承影響的常規(guī)優(yōu)先級(jí)，具體見(jiàn)normal_prio函數(shù)，跟屬于什么類型的進(jìn)程有關(guān)
   
10.      */
    
11.     int prio, static_prio, normal_prio;
    
12.     /* 實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)程優(yōu)先級(jí) */
    
13.     unsigned int rt_priority;
    
14.     /* 調(diào)度類，調(diào)度處理函數(shù)類 */
    
15.     const struct sched_class *sched_class;
    
16.     /* 調(diào)度實(shí)體(紅黑樹的一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)) */
    
17.     struct sched_entity se;
    
18.     /* 調(diào)度實(shí)體(實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度使用) */
    
19.     struct sched_rt_entity rt;
    
20. #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
    
21.     /* 指向其所在進(jìn)程組 */
    
22.     struct task_group *sched_task_group;
    
23. #endif
    
24.     ........
    
25. }

1. struct sched_class {
   
2.     /* 下一優(yōu)先級(jí)的調(diào)度類
   
3.      * 調(diào)度類優(yōu)先級(jí)順序: stop_sched_class -> dl_sched_class -> rt_sched_class -> fair_sched_class -> idle_sched_class
   
4.      */
   
5.     const struct sched_class *next;
   
6. 
   
7.     /* 將進(jìn)程加入到運(yùn)行隊(duì)列中，即將調(diào)度實(shí)體（進(jìn)程）放入紅黑樹中，并對(duì) nr_running 變量加1 */
   
8.     void (*enqueue_task) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags);
   
9.     /* 從運(yùn)行隊(duì)列中刪除進(jìn)程，并對(duì) nr_running 變量中減1 */
   
10.     void (*dequeue_task) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags);
    
11.     /* 放棄CPU，在 compat_yield sysctl 關(guān)閉的情況下，該函數(shù)實(shí)際上執(zhí)行先出隊(duì)后入隊(duì)；在這種情況下，它將調(diào)度實(shí)體放在紅黑樹的最右端 */
    
12.     void (*yield_task) (struct rq *rq);
    
13.     bool (*yield_to_task) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, bool preempt);
    
14. 
    
15.     /* 檢查當(dāng)前進(jìn)程是否可被新進(jìn)程搶占 */
    
16.     void (*check_preempt_curr) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags);
    
17. 
    
18.     /*
    
19.      * It is the responsibility of the pick_next_task() method that will
    
20.      * return the next task to call put_prev_task() on the @prev task or
    
21.      * something equivalent.
    
22.      *
    
23.      * May return RETRY_TASK when it finds a higher prio class has runnable
    
24.      * tasks.
    
25.      */
    
26.     /* 選擇下一個(gè)應(yīng)該要運(yùn)行的進(jìn)程運(yùn)行 */
    
27.     struct task_struct * (*pick_next_task) (struct rq *rq,
    
28.                         struct task_struct *prev);
    
29.     /* 將進(jìn)程放回運(yùn)行隊(duì)列 */
    
30.     void (*put_prev_task) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p);
    
31. 
    
32. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    
33.     /* 為進(jìn)程選擇一個(gè)合適的CPU */
    
34.     int (*select_task_rq)(struct task_struct *p, int task_cpu, int sd_flag, int flags);
    
35.     /* 遷移任務(wù)到另一個(gè)CPU */
    
36.     void (*migrate_task_rq)(struct task_struct *p, int next_cpu);
    
37.     /* 用于上下文切換后 */
    
38.     void (*post_schedule) (struct rq *this_rq);
    
39.     /* 用于進(jìn)程喚醒 */
    
40.     void (*task_waking) (struct task_struct *task);
    
41.     void (*task_woken) (struct rq *this_rq, struct task_struct *task);
    
42.     /* 修改進(jìn)程的CPU親和力(affinity) */
    
43.     void (*set_cpus_allowed)(struct task_struct *p,
    
44.                  const struct cpumask *newmask);
    
45.     /* 啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行隊(duì)列 */
    
46.     void (*rq_online)(struct rq *rq);
    
47.     /* 禁止運(yùn)行隊(duì)列 */
    
48.     void (*rq_offline)(struct rq *rq);
    
49. #endif
    
50.     /* 當(dāng)進(jìn)程改變它的調(diào)度類或進(jìn)程組時(shí)被調(diào)用 */
    
51.     void (*set_curr_task) (struct rq *rq);
    
52.     /* 該函數(shù)通常調(diào)用自 time tick 函數(shù)；它可能引起進(jìn)程切換。這將驅(qū)動(dòng)運(yùn)行時(shí)（running）搶占 */
    
53.     void (*task_tick) (struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int queued);
    
54.     /* 在進(jìn)程創(chuàng)建時(shí)調(diào)用，不同調(diào)度策略的進(jìn)程初始化不一樣 */
    
55.     void (*task_fork) (struct task_struct *p);
    
56.     /* 在進(jìn)程退出時(shí)會(huì)使用 */
    
57.     void (*task_dead) (struct task_struct *p);
    
58. 
    
59.     /* 用于進(jìn)程切換 */
    
60.     void (*switched_from) (struct rq *this_rq, struct task_struct *task);
    
61.     void (*switched_to) (struct rq *this_rq, struct task_struct *task);
    
62.     /* 改變優(yōu)先級(jí) */
    
63.     void (*prio_changed) (struct rq *this_rq, struct task_struct *task,
    
64.              int oldprio);
    
65. 
    
66.     unsigned int (*get_rr_interval) (struct rq *rq,
    
67.                      struct task_struct *task);
    
68. 
    
69.     void (*update_curr) (struct rq *rq);
    
70. 
    
71. #ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
    
72.     void (*task_move_group) (struct task_struct *p, int on_rq);
    
73. #endif
    
74. };

1. /* CFS調(diào)度的運(yùn)行隊(duì)列，每個(gè)CPU的rq會(huì)包含一個(gè)cfs_rq，而每個(gè)組調(diào)度的sched_entity也會(huì)有自己的一個(gè)cfs_rq隊(duì)列 */
   
2. struct cfs_rq {
   
3.     /* CFS運(yùn)行隊(duì)列中所有進(jìn)程的總負(fù)載 */
   
4.     struct load_weight load;
   
5.     /*
   
6.      * nr_running: cfs_rq中調(diào)度實(shí)體數(shù)量
   
7.      * h_nr_running: 只對(duì)進(jìn)程組有效，其下所有進(jìn)程組中cfs_rq的nr_running之和
   
8.      */
   
9.     unsigned int nr_running, h_nr_running;
   
10. 
    
11.     u64 exec_clock;
    
12.     /* 當(dāng)前CFS隊(duì)列上最小運(yùn)行時(shí)間，單調(diào)遞增
    
13.      * 兩種情況下更新該值:
    
14.      * 1、更新當(dāng)前運(yùn)行任務(wù)的累計(jì)運(yùn)行時(shí)間時(shí)
    
15.      * 2、當(dāng)任務(wù)從隊(duì)列刪除去，如任務(wù)睡眠或退出，這時(shí)候會(huì)查看剩下的任務(wù)的vruntime是否大于min_vruntime，如果是則更新該值。
    
16.      */
    
17.     u64 min_vruntime;
    
18. #ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
    
19.     u64 min_vruntime_copy;
    
20. #endif
    
21.     /* 該紅黑樹的root */
    
22.     struct rb_root tasks_timeline;
    
23.     /* 下一個(gè)調(diào)度結(jié)點(diǎn)(紅黑樹最左邊結(jié)點(diǎn)，最左邊結(jié)點(diǎn)就是下個(gè)調(diào)度實(shí)體) */
    
24.     struct rb_node *rb_leftmost;
    
25. 
    
26.     /*
    
27.      * 'curr' points to currently running entity on this cfs_rq.
    
28.      * It is set to NULL otherwise (i.e when none are currently running).
    
29.      */
    
30.     /*
    
31.      * curr: 當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的sched_entity（對(duì)于組雖然它不會(huì)在cpu上運(yùn)行，但是當(dāng)它的下層有一個(gè)task在cpu上運(yùn)行，那么它所在的cfs_rq就把它當(dāng)做是該cfs_rq上當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的sched_entity）
    
32.      * next: 表示有些進(jìn)程急需運(yùn)行，即使不遵從CFS調(diào)度也必須運(yùn)行它，調(diào)度時(shí)會(huì)檢查是否next需要調(diào)度，有就調(diào)度next
    
33.      *
    
34.      * skip: 略過(guò)進(jìn)程(不會(huì)選擇skip指定的進(jìn)程調(diào)度)
    
35.      */
    
36.     struct sched_entity *curr, *next, *last, *skip;
    
37. 
    
38. #ifdef    CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
    
39.     unsigned int nr_spread_over;
    
40. #endif
    
41. 
    
42. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    
43.     /*
    
44.      * CFS Load tracking
    
45.      * Under CFS, load is tracked on a per-entity basis and aggregated up.
    
46.      * This allows for the description of both thread and group usage (in
    
47.      * the FAIR_GROUP_SCHED case).
    
48.      */
    
49.     unsigned long runnable_load_avg, blocked_load_avg;
    
50.     atomic64_t decay_counter;
    
51.     u64 last_decay;
    
52.     atomic_long_t removed_load;
    
53. 
    
54. #ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
    
55.     /* Required to track per-cpu representation of a task_group */
    
56.     u32 tg_runnable_contrib;
    
57.     unsigned long tg_load_contrib;
    
58. 
    
59.     /*
    
60.      * h_load = weight * f(tg)
    
61.      *
    
62.      * Where f(tg) is the recursive weight fraction assigned to
    
63.      * this group.
    
64.      */
    
65.     unsigned long h_load;
    
66.     u64 last_h_load_update;
    
67.     struct sched_entity *h_load_next;
    
68. #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
    
69. #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
    
70. 
    
71. #ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
    
72.     /* 所屬于的CPU rq */
    
73.     struct rq *rq;    /* cpu runqueue to which this cfs_rq is attached */
    
74. 
    
75.     /*
    
76.      * leaf cfs_rqs are those that hold tasks (lowest schedulable entity in
    
77.      * a hierarchy). Non-leaf lrqs hold other higher schedulable entities
    
78.      * (like users, containers etc.)
    
79.      *
    
80.      * leaf_cfs_rq_list ties together list of leaf cfs_rq's in a cpu. This
    
81.      * list is used during load balance.
    
82.      */
    
83.     int on_list;
    
84.     struct list_head leaf_cfs_rq_list;
    
85.     /* 擁有該CFS運(yùn)行隊(duì)列的進(jìn)程組 */
    
86.     struct task_group *tg;    /* group that "owns" this runqueue */
    
87. 
    
88. #ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
    
89.     int runtime_enabled;
    
90.     u64 runtime_expires;
    
91.     s64 runtime_remaining;
    
92. 
    
93.     u64 throttled_clock, throttled_clock_task;
    
94.     u64 throttled_clock_task_time;
    
95.     int throttled, throttle_count;
    
96.     struct list_head throttled_list;
    
97. #endif /* CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH */
    
98. #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
    
99. };