這些形容詞指極其削瘦,以至下面的骨頭顯現(xiàn)出來。Bony是最普通的一個(gè)詞,相對沒有言外之意。它僅僅表示突出的骨格結(jié)構(gòu),無論其是否是吸引力的,禁欲主義,慢性營養(yǎng)不良或?yàn)l于饑餓的表現(xiàn):a crooner's bony,boyish face; a waiflike actress with bony shoulders and big eyes; a bony Indian fakir; a bony, sway-backed nag. Bony 經(jīng)常被用于身體的一部分:long, bony fingers; bony knees. 有時(shí)候它可以強(qiáng)調(diào)骨頭不能看見只能感覺的特征,如堅(jiān)硬和稅利:She jabbed me with her bony elbow.
Gaunt 表示少肉和骨頭突出。它來自于古老的挪威語,表示高高瘦瘦的人,以及一種笨拙的削瘦:the tall, gaunt figure of Don Quixote. 特別的是,gaunt經(jīng)常令人想起人饑餓,痛苦,生病或年老時(shí)憔悴的模樣。它表示長期痛苦或一直緊張的折磨,描述一個(gè)看上去消瘦到骨頭的人:the gaunt ascetc figure of a saint; a gaunt old man, hollow-eyed,with prominent cheekbones and attenuated limbs.
wasted 表示肉的減少,強(qiáng)調(diào)骨瘦如材的原因。一個(gè)wasted的身體是被時(shí)間,悲傷,饑餓或疾病逐漸消耗至皮包骨的:wasted away by AIDs-related disease; a pallid face and wasted frame.因此,wasted暗示了身體的虛弱:the wasted form of a 100-year-old woman; a body wasted by disease.
Emaciated同時(shí)指非正常削瘦的原因和事實(shí)。它指前面的日漸削瘦,暗示經(jīng)過重大疾病,巨大痛苦或可怕的貧困導(dǎo)致的身體的消耗。Skeletal是這些詞中最極端的,指像死人一樣的瘦骨嶙峋。Skeletal和emaciated都可以表示活人瘦得像骨架一樣,以致他們的肋骨和稅利的骨頭透過皮膚顯現(xiàn)出來:emaciated(or skeletal) surviors of a concentration camp.但是skeletal 還進(jìn)一步有無生命或不現(xiàn)實(shí)的,非人類或非活著的意思:a painting of skeletal men and women in a barren future world; a novelist whose characters seem to be skeletal symbols,thoroughly analyzed but not fleshed out and never really brought to life. 相反,Emaciated經(jīng)常表示對skeletal的外表的同情或恐懼:the awful sight of emaciated children with distended belies and glazed expressions.
反義詞:Fat,nourished,well-fed.
翻譯自《choose the right word》
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