{"root":{"nodeName":"document","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"0","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"background-image: none; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center bottom; clear: both; color: rgb(73, 73, 73);;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"background-image: url('../../../image/33/33_2/images/sinablogb.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center top; clear: both;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" clear: both; margin: 0px auto; z-index: 10;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" margin-left: 10px; display: inline; overflow: hidden;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 10px; overflow: hidden;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"background-image: url('../../../image/33/33_2/images/modelbody.png'); background-position: 1450px 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"padding: 24px 20px 0px; clear: both; zoom: 1;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"clear: both; line-height: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"h2","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; color: rgb(82, 102, 115); display: inline;;"}],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"color: rgb(135, 135, 135); white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 13px;;"}],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"a","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px 0px; margin-right: 6px; background-image: url('../../../image/33/33_2/images/sg_newsp.png'); position: relative; letter-spacing: 5px; zoom: 1;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"cite","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" line-height: 23px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 32px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right -28px; overflow-x: visible; background-image: url('../../../image/33/33_2/images/sg_newsp.png');;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; background-image: url('../../../images/common/sg_icon.png?20131218'); background-position: 495px -60px; position: absolute; left: 11px; top: 4px;;;text-align:absmiddle"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"http://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2017/10/1620/113568388_1_20171016083644632.gif"}],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"轉(zhuǎn)載","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-size-adjust: none; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 2px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"▼","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" clear: both; word-break: break-all; line-height: 20px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"table","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tbody","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; vertical-align: top;;"}],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;;"}],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" clear: both; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"table","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; line-height: 19px; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); table-layout: fixed; position: relative;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tbody","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; line-height: 18px; word-wrap: break-word;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 16px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《論語》及后世教材","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"孔子是儒家學(xué)說創(chuàng)始人，身后被尊為圣人，他一生波瀾壯闊，少時學(xué)習(xí)，壯年從政，中年周游列國，老年坐壇講學(xué)，將畢生精力獻(xiàn)給教育事業(yè)，現(xiàn)在被稱為“萬世先師”。在世界上，他被作為漢語文化的代表，世界各國傳播漢語文化，開展?jié)h語文化的教育機(jī)構(gòu)稱為“孔子學(xué)院”，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"從2004年世界上第一所孔子學(xué)院成立至今，全球123個國家和地區(qū)已在大學(xué)建立了465所孔子學(xué)院和713個孔子課堂，為傳播中華文化、促進(jìn)文明交流做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《論語》是儒家學(xué)說的最高代表，同時集春秋戰(zhàn)國教育之大成，教育思想、教育案例達(dá)到至目前為止的最高境界?！墩撜Z》為一部語錄體著作，記載了孔子及門徒們的言行，也可以說，全書就是教學(xué)對話片斷的集錦，表現(xiàn)了高超的智慧與教育藝術(shù)，為后提供了極高境界的教學(xué)示范，而對話內(nèi)容則包羅萬象，思維方式方法臻于完美?？此普Z言簡單，卻智慧高超，思想博大精深。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"孔子積極用世、堅持理想，仁義禮智信諸方面嚴(yán)格自律，同時注重律人與他律，把人的品質(zhì)優(yōu)化、美德修養(yǎng)作為教育的第一要務(wù)，這樣的人文境界與教育思想，與《學(xué)記》中重視做人的教育、主張高尚品德培養(yǎng)的精神高度一致。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《論語》中","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"表現(xiàn)","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"的教育思想、教育原則非常豐富而深刻，許多教學(xué)原則","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"現(xiàn)在仍然盛行：","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"樂學(xué)與立志的原則","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"、","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"重視學(xué)和思有機(jī)結(jié)合的原則","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"、","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"重視讀書與實踐相結(jié)合的原則、循序漸進(jìn)的原則、啟發(fā)性原則、溫故知新的原則、舉一反三的原則、因材施教的原則、合作交流原則、因勢利導(dǎo)原則","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"，等等之類，在《論語》中概括簡明精辟而又都有非常經(jīng)典的案例來佐證?，F(xiàn)代推崇的教學(xué)方式，比如閱讀、思考、對話、論辯、實踐等，在孔子的課堂上，精彩紛呈?？此坪唵蔚陌咐?，看似明白的原則，其中都包含著深刻甚至是復(fù)雜的教育原理，用現(xiàn)在的教育理論來剖析，每個案例、每項原則，都具有深刻而豐富的教育思想。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《論語》全面代表了中國教育的最高水平，在世界教育史上同樣居于第一流，是中國教育、中國歷史文化基因的最重要的部分，也是世界教育、世界歷史文化中最為璀璨的明珠。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"漢代以來，中國教育基本上以儒家學(xué)說為主流，吸收其他各家，文化基因非常穩(wěn)固。最能體現(xiàn)其精神的是形成體系完整的教材。“三百千千”為啟蒙教材，“四書五經(jīng)”為成人進(jìn)德修業(yè)教材——按秦漢以前的學(xué)制，即“大學(xué)”教材。“四書五經(jīng)”是把思想家專著作為教材，這些著作博大精深，具有無窮的文化與智慧，堪為高層次學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)術(shù)研究探討，這里暫且不談，只簡要說一說“三百千千”，這主要是后世專門編寫的教材，秉承“四書五經(jīng)”基本精神，精簡了內(nèi)容，淺顯易懂，上口易學(xué)，包容廣闊，又具有非常大的伸縮空間，為人的成長多方面奠定基礎(chǔ)。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"歷史上形成的啟蒙教材，如《三字經(jīng)》《百家姓》《千字文》等，精心選擇內(nèi)容編成韻文，讀起來上口，便于記誦，又進(jìn)行思想道德教育和百科知識普及，同時思維方式方法又是極好的示范。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《三字經(jīng)》成書700多年，共1000多字，3字1句的韻文極易成誦，內(nèi)容包括了中國傳統(tǒng)的教育、歷史、天文、地理、","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"倫理","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"和道德以及一些民間傳說等，廣泛生動而又言簡意賅，家喻戶曉，許多不識字或識字不多的人都能說出其中的一些句子。古人曰：“熟讀三字經(jīng)，便可知天下事，通圣人禮?！?,"nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《百家姓》同《","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"三字經(jīng)","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"》同為初學(xué)兒童必讀課本，自宋元以來，廣泛流傳，沿襲不改?！栋偌倚铡纺繕?biāo)為單純識字，從實用出發(fā)，這些字是人生活中最基本的需要。項羽當(dāng)年學(xué)習(xí)目的非常尋常，但也認(rèn)為必須學(xué)習(xí)姓氏名誰：“項籍少時，學(xué)書不成，去；學(xué)劍，又不成。項梁怒之。籍曰：‘書足以記名姓而已。劍一人敵，不足學(xué)，學(xué)萬人敵?！比说幕拘畔⑹紫仁切彰?，這個識字課本的出發(fā)點可以知道了，雖然后世使用過程中出現(xiàn)過許多問題，但它的影響可以說是家喻戶曉、人人皆知。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《千字文》已經(jīng)流傳了1500多年，1000個字，4字1句，共250句，合轍押韻，朗朗上口，非常適合小孩誦讀，內(nèi)容涉及天文、自然、地理、歷史、農(nóng)耕、祭祀、園藝、修身養(yǎng)性、人倫道德、飲食起居等各個方面，涵蓋廣泛，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"可以說包羅萬象，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"擴(kuò)展性、開放性非常好，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"具有哲學(xué)思辨性，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"是古代教育史上最早、最成功、流傳最廣的啟蒙教材","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"，僅本身語言的組織、內(nèi)容的加工、結(jié)構(gòu)的安排，就極為精巧，具有極高的智慧水平。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"《千家詩》","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"是作品選集","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"，既識字，又學(xué)詩","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"，清新典雅的小詩，濃厚的詩情畫意深得兒童喜愛，讀起來朗朗上口，音韻和諧，不知不覺之中獲得多方面的美感，陶冶了情操，增長了才學(xué)，為將來學(xué)習(xí)《詩經(jīng)》打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"這幾部教材都是韻文，以識字為主，兼顧實用性、人文性，非常適合誦讀，這里也非常突出地展現(xiàn)出漢語識字教學(xué)的一個基本方法：韻語識字。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"中國現(xiàn)代外語教育中，國人多用語法分析，歸納特點、規(guī)律，理論上叫講求方法，指導(dǎo)門徑，實際上是以母語思維解釋外語；而外教常更喜歡用歌謠、游戲等，把適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言運(yùn)用在活動情境中，以活動接通語言與外語思維。這和中國古代韻文識字與詩詞誦讀、歌謠傳唱異曲同工。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; text-indent: 28pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"從文化知識來看，在一定意義上說，《三字經(jīng)》《千字文》可為百科全書式的基本架構(gòu)，構(gòu)建了全面學(xué)習(xí)的大格局，可以視作將來的學(xué)習(xí)大綱，做人、做學(xué)問的基本態(tài)度、態(tài)度基本方法、知識的大體分類或大的脈絡(luò)，大致確定。這些，是當(dāng)今教材遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能匹敵的。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"還有《名賢集》《幼學(xué)瓊林》等，薈萃了優(yōu)質(zhì)文化，或生動，或精辟，讓人明白事理，激勵人奮進(jìn)，現(xiàn)在用的教材卻過于粗淺，表面看來降低了難度，通俗易懂，而實質(zhì)上更降低的是效度。過去粗人都能非常準(zhǔn)確到位地引用幾句精彩詞語，現(xiàn)在的許多高材都未必能說出，在一定意義上說，對于事理的理解可能已經(jīng)粗淺于粗人了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt;;"}],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":" clear: both; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 65px; background-position: center bottom; color: rgb(137, 137, 137); position: relative;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; line-height: 22px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"a","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(137, 137, 137);;"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"a","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(137, 137, 137);;"}],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"div","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"color: rgb(73, 73, 73);;"}],"childNodes":[]}]},"imageUrls":["https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2017/10/1620/113568388_1_20171016083644632.gif"],"text":"轉(zhuǎn)載▼《論語》及后世教材孔子是儒家學(xué)說創(chuàng)始人，身后被尊為圣人，他一生波瀾壯闊，少時學(xué)習(xí)，壯年從政，中年周游列國，老年坐壇講學(xué)，將畢生精力獻(xiàn)給教育事業(yè)，現(xiàn)在被稱為“萬世先師”。在世界上，他被作為漢語文化的代表，世界各國傳播漢語文化，開展?jié)h語文化的教育機(jī)構(gòu)稱為“孔子學(xué)院”，從2004年世界上第一所孔子學(xué)院成立至今，全球123個國家和地區(qū)已在大學(xué)建立了465所孔子學(xué)院和713個孔子課堂，為傳播中華文化、促進(jìn)文明交流做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)?！墩撜Z》是儒家學(xué)說的最高代表，同時集春秋戰(zhàn)國教育之大成，教育思想、教育案例達(dá)到至目前為止的最高境界?！墩撜Z》為一部語錄體著作，記載了孔子及門徒們的言行，也可以說，全書就是教學(xué)對話片斷的集錦，表現(xiàn)了高超的智慧與教育藝術(shù)，為后提供了極高境界的教學(xué)示范，而對話內(nèi)容則包羅萬象，思維方式方法臻于完美。看似語言簡單，卻智慧高超，思想博大精深。孔子積極用世、堅持理想，仁義禮智信諸方面嚴(yán)格自律，同時注重律人與他律，把人的品質(zhì)優(yōu)化、美德修養(yǎng)作為教育的第一要務(wù)，這樣的人文境界與教育思想，與《學(xué)記》中重視做人的教育、主張高尚品德培養(yǎng)的精神高度一致?！墩撜Z》中表現(xiàn)的教育思想、教育原則非常豐富而深刻，許多教學(xué)原則現(xiàn)在仍然盛行：樂學(xué)與立志的原則、重視學(xué)和思有機(jī)結(jié)合的原則、重視讀書與實踐相結(jié)合的原則、循序漸進(jìn)的原則、啟發(fā)性原則、溫故知新的原則、舉一反三的原則、因材施教的原則、合作交流原則、因勢利導(dǎo)原則，等等之類，在《論語》中概括簡明精辟而又都有非常經(jīng)典的案例來佐證?，F(xiàn)代推崇的教學(xué)方式，比如閱讀、思考、對話、論辯、實踐等，在孔子的課堂上，精彩紛呈。看似簡單的案例，看似明白的原則，其中都包含著深刻甚至是復(fù)雜的教育原理，用現(xiàn)在的教育理論來剖析，每個案例、每項原則，都具有深刻而豐富的教育思想。《論語》全面代表了中國教育的最高水平，在世界教育史上同樣居于第一流，是中國教育、中國歷史文化基因的最重要的部分，也是世界教育、世界歷史文化中最為璀璨的明珠。漢代以來，中國教育基本上以儒家學(xué)說為主流，吸收其他各家，文化基因非常穩(wěn)固。最能體現(xiàn)其精神的是形成體系完整的教材?！叭偾А睘閱⒚山滩?，“四書五經(jīng)”為成人進(jìn)德修業(yè)教材——按秦漢以前的學(xué)制，即“大學(xué)”教材?！八臅褰?jīng)”是把思想家專著作為教材，這些著作博大精深，具有無窮的文化與智慧，堪為高層次學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)術(shù)研究探討，這里暫且不談，只簡要說一說“三百千千”，這主要是后世專門編寫的教材，秉承“四書五經(jīng)”基本精神，精簡了內(nèi)容，淺顯易懂，上口易學(xué)，包容廣闊，又具有非常大的伸縮空間，為人的成長多方面奠定基礎(chǔ)。歷史上形成的啟蒙教材，如《三字經(jīng)》《百家姓》《千字文》等，精心選擇內(nèi)容編成韻文，讀起來上口，便于記誦，又進(jìn)行思想道德教育和百科知識普及，同時思維方式方法又是極好的示范?！度纸?jīng)》成書700多年，共1000多字，3字1句的韻文極易成誦，內(nèi)容包括了中國傳統(tǒng)的教育、歷史、天文、地理、倫理和道德以及一些民間傳說等，廣泛生動而又言簡意賅，家喻戶曉，許多不識字或識字不多的人都能說出其中的一些句子。古人曰：“熟讀三字經(jīng)，便可知天下事，通圣人禮?！薄栋偌倚铡吠度纸?jīng)》同為初學(xué)兒童必讀課本，自宋元以來，廣泛流傳，沿襲不改?！栋偌倚铡纺繕?biāo)為單純識字，從實用出發(fā)，這些字是人生活中最基本的需要。項羽當(dāng)年學(xué)習(xí)目的非常尋常，但也認(rèn)為必須學(xué)習(xí)姓氏名誰：“項籍少時，學(xué)書不成，去；學(xué)劍，又不成。項梁怒之。籍曰：‘書足以記名姓而已。劍一人敵，不足學(xué)，學(xué)萬人敵?！比说幕拘畔⑹紫仁切彰?，這個識字課本的出發(fā)點可以知道了，雖然后世使用過程中出現(xiàn)過許多問題，但它的影響可以說是家喻戶曉、人人皆知。《千字文》已經(jīng)流傳了1500多年，1000個字，4字1句，共250句，合轍押韻，朗朗上口，非常適合小孩誦讀，內(nèi)容涉及天文、自然、地理、歷史、農(nóng)耕、祭祀、園藝、修身養(yǎng)性、人倫道德、飲食起居等各個方面，涵蓋廣泛，可以說包羅萬象，擴(kuò)展性、開放性非常好，具有哲學(xué)思辨性，是古代教育史上最早、最成功、流傳最廣的啟蒙教材，僅本身語言的組織、內(nèi)容的加工、結(jié)構(gòu)的安排，就極為精巧，具有極高的智慧水平?！肚Ъ以姟肥亲髌愤x集，既識字，又學(xué)詩，清新典雅的小詩，濃厚的詩情畫意深得兒童喜愛，讀起來朗朗上口，音韻和諧，不知不覺之中獲得多方面的美感，陶冶了情操，增長了才學(xué)，為將來學(xué)習(xí)《詩經(jīng)》打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。這幾部教材都是韻文，以識字為主，兼顧實用性、人文性，非常適合誦讀，這里也非常突出地展現(xiàn)出漢語識字教學(xué)的一個基本方法：韻語識字。中國現(xiàn)代外語教育中，國人多用語法分析，歸納特點、規(guī)律，理論上叫講求方法，指導(dǎo)門徑，實際上是以母語思維解釋外語；而外教常更喜歡用歌謠、游戲等，把適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言運(yùn)用在活動情境中，以活動接通語言與外語思維。這和中國古代韻文識字與詩詞誦讀、歌謠傳唱異曲同工。從文化知識來看，在一定意義上說，《三字經(jīng)》《千字文》可為百科全書式的基本架構(gòu)，構(gòu)建了全面學(xué)習(xí)的大格局，可以視作將來的學(xué)習(xí)大綱，做人、做學(xué)問的基本態(tài)度、態(tài)度基本方法、知識的大體分類或大的脈絡(luò)，大致確定。這些，是當(dāng)今教材遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能匹敵的。還有《名賢集》《幼學(xué)瓊林》等，薈萃了優(yōu)質(zhì)文化，或生動，或精辟，讓人明白事理，激勵人奮進(jìn)，現(xiàn)在用的教材卻過于粗淺，表面看來降低了難度，通俗易懂，而實質(zhì)上更降低的是效度。過去粗人都能非常準(zhǔn)確到位地引用幾句精彩詞語，現(xiàn)在的許多高材都未必能說出，在一定意義上說，對于事理的理解可能已經(jīng)粗淺于粗人了。"}
本站僅提供存儲服務(wù)，所有內(nèi)容均由用戶發(fā)布，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有害或侵權(quán)內(nèi)容，請
點擊舉報。
