序號 名 字 位 置建設(shè)時間 說 明
1Virology Laboratory of the Queensland Department of HealthAustralia, Queensland, Coopers Plains
2Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC)Osong, Cheongwon county, North Chungcheong province, South Korea2013
3University of Queensland - Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre (SASVRC) Royal Women's Hospital Brisbane P3 (BL3)Australia, Queensland, Herston
4Australian Animal Health LaboratoryAustralia, Victoria, Geelong
5National High Security LaboratoryAustralia, Victoria, North Melbourne
National High Security Laboratory Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.
6Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and MicrobiologyBelarus, Minsk
Department of Molecular Epidemiology & Innovational Biotechnologies
7National Microbiology LaboratoryCanada, Manitoba, Winnipeg
Located at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, it is jointly operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
8Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of SciencesChina, Hubei, Wuhan2003Wuhan Institute of Virology already hosts a BSL-3 laboratory. A distinct BSL-4 facility is currently being built based on P4 standards, the original technology for confinement developed by France. It will be the first at level 4 in China, under the direction of Shi Zhengli.
9Biological Defense CenterCzech Republic, Pardubice, Těchonín1971, rebuilt 2003-2007Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany (Biological Defense Center)[13]
10Laboratoire P4 Jean MérieuxFrance, Rh?ne-Alpes, Lyon######Jean Mérieux laboratory is a co-operation between the Pasteur Institute and INSERM. Note that in France, it is P4 for Pathogen or Protection level 4.
11Centre International de Recherches Médicales de FrancevilleGabon
This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese (mainly) and French governments, and is West Africa's only P4 lab (BSL-4).
12Robert Koch InstituteGermany, Berlin
The facility was licenced for construction by City of Berlin on November 30, 2008.
13Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineGermany, Hamburg
14Friedrich Loeffler Institute on the Isle of RiemsGermany, Isle of Riems (Greifswald)2010Deals especially with virology
15Philipps University of MarburgGermany, Marburg2008The facility is licenced to work with genetically modified organisms
16High Security Animal Disease Laboratory (HSADL)India, Bhopal1998This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats.
17Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyIndia, Hyderabad2009National Bio-Safety Level-4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases & Clinical Research Facility in Regenerative Medicine.
18All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia, New Delhi1993Conducts studies on major pathogenic organisms. Has contributed in discovering new strains & vaccines.
19Microbial Containment ComplexIndia, Pune2012Bio-Safety Level-IV Laboratory established by ICMR with support from Department of Science & Technology
20Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Luigi SaccoItaly, Lombardy, Milan
A university hospital in Polo Universitario; it contains two special vehicles for transporting infectious persons.
21Istituto Nazionale Malattie InfettiveItaly, Lazio, Rome
This facility, (trans.) National Institute of Infectious Diseases, operates within the Lazzaro Spallanzani Hospital.
22National Institute for Infectious DiseasesJapan, Tokyo, Musashimurayama
Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I; this lab has the potential of operating as a BSL-4, however it is limited to perform work on only BSL-3 agents due to opposition from local residents and communities.
23Institute of Physical and Chemical ResearchJapan, Ibaraki, Tsukuba
This is a non-operating BSL-4 facility.
24Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Netherlands, Bilthoven2009
25Cantacuzino Microbiological Research Institute (INCDMI)Romania, Bucharest
26'Dr. Carol Davila' Central Military HospitalRomania, Bucharest
27State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTORRussia, Novosibirsk Oblast, Koltsovo
It is one of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox. The other Russian BSL-4 facilities have been dismantled.
28National Institute for Communicable DiseasesSouth Africa, Johannesburg
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of Special Pathogens Unit is one of only two BSL-4 facilities in Africa but the only suit laboratory on the continent.
29Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease ControlSweden, Solna
Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control is Scandinavia's P4 facility.
30University Hospital of GenevaSwitzerland
31Spiez LaboratorySwitzerland, Spiez
32Kwen-yang Laboratory (昆陽實驗室) Center of Disease ControlTaiwan
Part of the Department of Health, Taiwan.
33Preventive Medical Institute of ROC Ministry of National DefenseTaiwan
34Health Protection Agency's Centre for InfectionsUnited Kingdom, Colindale
Located in the Viral Zoonosis unit.
35National Institute for Medical ResearchUnited Kingdom, London
36Institute for Animal HealthUnited Kingdom, Pirbright
37Institute for Animal Health Compton LaboratoryUnited Kingdom, Compton
38Defence Science and Technology LaboratoryUnited Kingdom, Porton Down
39Health Protection AgencyUnited Kingdom, Porton Down
Special Pathogens Reference Unit.
40Health Protection AgencyUnited Kingdom, Porton Down
Botulism.
41Francis Crick Institute[22]United Kingdom, London
Under construction. The UKCMRI will not work on Human Hazard Group 4 agents.
42Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited States, Georgia, Atlanta
Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox.
43Georgia State UniversityUnited States, Georgia, Atlanta
Is an older design 'glovebox' facility.
44National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), Kansas State UniversityUnited States, Kansas, Manhattan
Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (which is not a BSL-4 facility). Planned to be operational by 2015, but likely delayed.
45National Institutes of Health (NIH)United States, Maryland, Bethesda
Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents.
46Integrated Research FacilityUnited States, Maryland, Fort Detrick
Under construction. This facility will be operated by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), it is planned to begin operating at 2009 at the earliest.
47National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC)United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick
Under construction, it will be operated for the Department of Homeland Security.
48US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick1969Old building
49US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick2017?New building, currently under construction
50National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL), Boston UniversityUnited States, Massachusetts, Boston
Under construction by Boston University, building and staff training complete, waiting for regulatory approval.
51NIAID Rocky Mountain LaboratoriesUnited States, Montana, Hamilton
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
52Kent State University, Kent CampusUnited States, Ohio, Kent
Operates as a clean lab at level 3 for training purposes. Scheduled for conversion to a hot level 4 lab in response to a bioterrorism event in the USA.
53Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment FacilityUnited States, Texas, Galveston
Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch.[23]
54Shope LaboratoryUnited States, Texas, Galveston
Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB).
55Texas Biomedical Research InstituteUnited States, Texas, San Antonio
The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US.
56Division of Consolidated Laboratory ServicesUnited States, Virginia, Richmond
This facility is part of the Department of General Services of the Commonwealth of Virginia. so called 'surge' BSL-4 capacity.
（表中內(nèi)容參考http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level#Biosafety_level_4 制作）
如上表所示，這56個生物安全頂級實驗室遍布世界五大洲，其中非洲大陸只有兩個，分別位于南非和加蓬。單論國家而言，美國最多，有15個，其中包括一個正在建設(shè)中的、隸屬軍隊的實驗室，還包括一個歸私人所有的P4實驗室（位于Texas Biomedical Research Institute，德州生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究所），該P4實驗室的私人屬性（而非歸國家所有）恐怕不僅在美國絕無僅有，恐怕在世界范圍內(nèi)都是獨一無二的。
從上表可以看出，中國唯一的一個P4實驗室，位于中科院病毒所。僅僅這一個獨苗，目前尚且沒有建成，俗話說“十年磨一劍”，但是這個“劍”已經(jīng)磨了11年目前還不知何時才能正式磨成。根據(jù)《第一財經(jīng)日報》的報道，“這個中國第一個也是唯一一個P4實驗室，前期基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)投入約2億?！錆hP4實驗室目前還沒有建成，硬件和軟件方面都需要推進?！?如果順利的話，到今年年底會有一個階段性的成果，但是距離能夠使用還有一段距離?！保▍⒖迹篽ttp://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2014-08-06/01449537048.shtml）現(xiàn)在的埃博拉疫情相信會推動該實驗室的建設(shè)速度。從報道和上表的內(nèi)容可以看出，中國目前尚沒有獨立設(shè)計、建設(shè)P4實驗室的能力，核心技術(shù)采用的是法國的。
值得一提的是，中國目前人口全球第一、GDP和研發(fā)經(jīng)費全球第二，但是居然連一個已經(jīng)建成使用的P4實驗室都沒有，應(yīng)該說這在國際上都是很…、說不過去的事情，窮如非洲的加蓬都有一個（當然這個也是由法國援建和參與管理的），連經(jīng)濟和總體科技水平都不如中國的印度都有4個P4實驗室，即使是被許多人貶稱為彈丸之地的中國臺灣都有2個P4實驗室，當然雖然我們都政治正確地說是中國臺灣,人家的兩個實驗室其實和中國大陸沒有半毛錢關(guān)系，自己根本用不上。
需要說明的是, 除了埃博拉病毒必須要在P4實驗室操作外，還有其他一些高致病性病毒，如馬爾堡病毒，拉薩（Lassa）病毒, 克里米亞- 剛果出血熱病毒, 玻利維亞和阿根廷出血熱病毒以及其它出血熱病毒等。
