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中心研究人員在《International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health》(SSCI-Q1; IF=4.614)上發(fā)表題為“Linking Self-Control to Negative Risk-Taking Behavior among Chinese Late Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model”的研究論文，揭示了自我控制對晚期青少年消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的影響機(jī)制。

青春期：冒險(xiǎn)行為的頂峰階段

基于此，本研究通過探討問題行為理論保護(hù)概念框架下的人格相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)：自我控制、調(diào)節(jié)定向、一般權(quán)力感，尋找減少青少年消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的保護(hù)機(jī)制。

自我控制與消極冒險(xiǎn)行為

由此，本研究認(rèn)為更高的自我控制有助于減少或預(yù)防青少年的消極冒險(xiǎn)行為。

自我控制如何減少消極冒險(xiǎn)行為？

——調(diào)節(jié)定向的作用

自我控制的“促進(jìn)和預(yù)防機(jī)制”可以解釋自我控制與消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的關(guān)系(de Ridder et al., 2011; Li et al., 2019)。促進(jìn)機(jī)制是指調(diào)動(dòng)積極的思想、情緒和行為的過程，而預(yù)防機(jī)制是指解除消極的思想、情緒和行為的過程。

調(diào)節(jié)定向作為一種動(dòng)機(jī)取向，通過兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的動(dòng)機(jī)導(dǎo)向(即促進(jìn)定向和預(yù)防定向)在自我控制減少消極冒險(xiǎn)行為上發(fā)揮作用(Higgins, 2012)。其中，促進(jìn)定向是指利用接近策略來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，而預(yù)防定向是指使用警惕和回避策略來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

根據(jù)潛在的積極或消極結(jié)果，自我控制會(huì)增強(qiáng)不同的動(dòng)機(jī)取向以采取相應(yīng)的行為策略(Cheung et al., 2014; Ouyang et al., 2015)。由于消極冒險(xiǎn)行為可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不確定的結(jié)果(Crone et al., 2016)，因此，青少年的預(yù)防定向策略可能幫助他們防止自己產(chǎn)生不良后果。此外，由于期望獲得回報(bào)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，他們的促進(jìn)定向策略也可能發(fā)揮作用?？傊?，自我控制會(huì)間接通過促進(jìn)定向和預(yù)防定向影響青少年的消極冒險(xiǎn)行為。

自我控制何時(shí)減少消極冒險(xiǎn)行為？

——一般權(quán)力感的調(diào)節(jié)作用

研究概況

本研究以廣州市2018名本科生(759名男性，1259名女性)為研究對象，測量了被試的特質(zhì)自我控制、調(diào)節(jié)定向、一般權(quán)力感和消極冒險(xiǎn)行為等，并利用Mplus 8.3軟件檢驗(yàn)了自我控制對消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的直接影響，促進(jìn)定向和預(yù)防定向在二者間的中介效應(yīng)以及權(quán)力感的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)。

結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)

1、高自我控制能減少消極冒險(xiǎn)行為

2、預(yù)防定向：自我控制降低消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的中介機(jī)制

3、權(quán)力感顯著增強(qiáng)了自我控制對預(yù)防定向的影響

另一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是，“自我控制-預(yù)防定向-消極冒險(xiǎn)行為”的中介效應(yīng)在權(quán)力感較高的青少年中作用更強(qiáng)，即，高權(quán)力的青少年通過增加他們的預(yù)防動(dòng)機(jī)來接近其最終目標(biāo)，以避免他們不想要的任何事情(Yang et al., 2017)。這是由于消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的潛在威脅遠(yuǎn)大于其積極收益，不僅消耗大量資源，而且在控制不當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，會(huì)危害其身心健康(Crone et al., 2016)。因此，自我控制通過啟動(dòng)預(yù)防定向來抵制消極冒險(xiǎn)的誘惑(Scholer et al., 2010; Shao et al., 2018)。而具有高權(quán)力感會(huì)增強(qiáng)自我控制通過預(yù)防定向來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的動(dòng)機(jī)作用，從而保持其當(dāng)前的積極狀態(tài)，防止新的消極狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)，從而抑制消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的發(fā)生。

降低與預(yù)防

消極冒險(xiǎn)行為的教育路徑

（1）訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)青少年的自我控制能力，如正念訓(xùn)練等(Friese et al., 2012)。

（2）指導(dǎo)青少年設(shè)定目標(biāo)，并鼓勵(lì)他們使用預(yù)防策略來維持現(xiàn)有的積極狀態(tài)和持續(xù)的努力(Petrou et al., 2020)。

（3）家長可以鼓勵(lì)青少年自己做決定，學(xué)?？梢蕴峁└嗟恼n程和活動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)青少年的權(quán)力感，例如培訓(xùn)學(xué)生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能以及提高社交和情感學(xué)習(xí)能力(Seemiller, 2018)。

基金資助

該文題為Linking Self-Control to Negative Risk-Taking Behavior among Chinese Late Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model，2022年6月22日在線發(fā)布于《International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health》(SSCI-Q1; IF=4.614)。第一作者是中心已畢業(yè)的16級碩士研究生梁梓勤(導(dǎo)師：聶衍剛教授)，廣州大學(xué)竇凱副教授和聶衍剛教授為通訊作者，香港教育大學(xué)黎建斌博士和廣東輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院王玉潔博士為共同作者。

該研究得到國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(No. 31800938；32071067)、 廣州市教育科學(xué)規(guī)劃2021年度重點(diǎn)課題(No. 202113700)和廣東省高校思政教育課題(No. 2021GXSZ139)的聯(lián)合資助。

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原文APA 7th引用格式：

Liang, Z. Q., Dou, K., Li, J. B., Wang, Y. J., & Nie, Y. G. (2022). Linking Self-Control to Negative Risk-Taking Behavior among Chinese Late Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7646. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/7646

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