提問
Cigar smoking: Safer than cigarette smoking?
抽雪茄：比抽煙更安全？
My husband insists that cigar smoking is safer than cigarette smoking. Is this true?
我的丈夫堅持認(rèn)為抽雪茄比抽煙更安全，這是真的嗎？
Answer
回答
from Richard D. Hurt, M.D.
Richard D. Hurt，醫(yī)學(xué)博士
No. Some people might believe that cigar smoking is safer than cigarette smoking, but it's not. Even if you don't inhale the smoke, it's not safer to smoke any type of cigar. Here's why cigar smoking isn't safer:
不對。雖然一些人相信抽雪茄比起抽煙來更安全，但是事實并不是這樣。即使你沒有吸入煙霧，抽任何類型的雪茄比起抽煙來，并沒有更為安全。原因見下：
Nicotine. Cigars, like cigarettes, contain nicotine, the substance that can lead to tobacco dependence. A single full-size cigar can contain as much nicotine as do several cigarettes. If you inhale cigar smoke, you can get as much nicotine as if you smoked cigarettes. And even if you don't inhale, large amounts of nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of your mouth. Smoking cigars instead of cigarettes doesn't reduce your risk of nicotine dependence.
尼古丁。和香煙一樣，雪茄里含有尼古丁，這種物質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致煙草依賴。單根足尺寸的雪茄中含有的尼古丁相當(dāng)于好幾根根香煙中尼古丁的含量。如果你吸入雪茄的煙霧，你會像抽煙時一樣攝入尼古丁。而且，即使你沒有吸入雪茄的煙霧，大量的尼古丁仍舊可以通過你的口腔粘膜吸收進(jìn)入你的身體。因此，用雪茄來代替香煙并不會減少你產(chǎn)生煙草依賴的風(fēng)險。1
Cancer. All tobacco smoke contains more than 60 chemicals that can cause cancer, and cigar smoke is no exception. Regular cigar smoking increases the risk of several types of cancers, including cancers of the mouth, lip, tongue, throat, esophagus, larynx and lung.
癌癥。所有煙草的煙霧中都含有六十種以上致癌化學(xué)物，雪茄也不例外。經(jīng)常抽雪茄會增加你罹患癌癥的風(fēng)險，其中包括口腔癌、唇癌、舌癌、咽癌、食道癌、喉癌和肺癌。
Cardiovascular disease. Regular cigar smoking increases the risk of heart disease, such as coronary artery disease, and lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
心血管病。經(jīng)常抽雪茄煙會增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險，如冠狀動脈病和肺病。其中，肺病包括肺氣腫和慢性支氣管炎，而慢性支氣管炎有可能會導(dǎo)致慢性阻塞性肺?。–OPD）。
Oral disease. Cigar smoking increases the risk of oral and dental disease, such as gum disease and tooth loss.
口腔疾病。抽雪茄會增加患有口腔疾病和牙病的風(fēng)險，如牙齦疾病和牙齒脫落。
Secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke from cigars contains the same toxic chemicals that secondhand cigarette smoke does. This secondhand smoke puts adults at increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and can cause ear infections and episodes of asthma in children. Plus, cigars often burn for longer periods of time, which leads to more secondhand smoke in the air.
二手煙。來自雪茄的二手煙與來自香煙的二手煙一樣含有同樣的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)。雪茄的二手煙會增加成年人患癌癥和心血管病的風(fēng)險，并可導(dǎo)致兒童的耳部感染和哮喘發(fā)作。此外，由于雪茄比起香煙，通常會燃燒更長時間，因此會產(chǎn)生更多的二手煙霧。
If you're thinking of switching from cigarettes to cigars because you believe cigars are safer, try to quit tobacco entirely instead — especially because cigarette smokers typically inhale the cigar smoke. The greater the intensity and frequency of cigar smoking, the greater the risks. Although occasional cigar smoking isn't thought to be as risky as regular cigar smoking, the only safe level of cigar smoking is none at all.
如果你因為相信雪茄更為安全，因而正在考慮從抽煙轉(zhuǎn)為抽雪茄，請試著戒煙吧——一個特別的原因是抽煙的人通常會吸入雪茄的煙霧。抽雪茄的次數(shù)越多、頻率越大，其風(fēng)險也更大。雖然認(rèn)為偶爾抽抽雪茄的風(fēng)險并不像經(jīng)常抽煙那么大，但所謂抽雪茄的安全量平是根本沒有的。
