（美國有線新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)）格雷戈里瓊斯在他的家人和世界其他地區(qū)松弛下來并開始準備睡覺的時候開始工作。
The New Jersey truck driver reports to work at 8 p.m. He loads, stacks and transports vegetables and fruits until 4 a.m.
新澤西卡車司機在晚上8點匯報工作。他裝載，堆疊和運輸蔬菜和水果直到凌晨4點。
"I don't get eight hours," Jones said about his workday sleeping habits. "Sleep for me is a privilege. It's a blessing if I can get it."
“我們沒有八個小時的時間，”瓊斯講他的工作日睡眠習(xí)慣。“睡覺對我來說是一項特權(quán)。如果我能得到它將是一種很好的祝福。"
Night workers like Jones are at higher risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions. With biology beckoning their bodies to sleep during the night, shift workers say they struggle to stay awake no matter how many years they've done it.
想瓊斯這樣的夜間工作者患心臟病，糖尿病和其他癥狀的危險性更高。隨著生物學(xué)引誘他們的身體在夜間睡覺，輪班工作者說他們不得不掙扎著保持清醒，不管他們已經(jīng)做了多少年。
When sleep prevails, there can be major consequences for others as well.
當(dāng)睡眠戰(zhàn)勝時，對其他人同樣有主要影響。
On March 23, two airplanes landed at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport shortly after midnight without an air traffic controller.
在3月23日，兩架飛機在午夜之后沒有空中交通指揮員的情況下登陸了羅納德·里根華盛頓國家機場。
The controller, a 20-year veteran who was suspended, told investigators that he had fallen asleep, according to the National Transportation Safety Board. "He had been working his fourth consecutive overnight shift (10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.)" according to a statement from the agency.
管理員，一個有二十年閱歷的緩期老兵，告訴調(diào)查者他已經(jīng)睡著了，根據(jù)國際運輸安全董事會。“他已經(jīng)工作了他第四個連續(xù)不斷的通宵輪班（晚上10點到早上6點）”根據(jù)代理處的聲明。
Read more air traffic control staffing under scrutiny
讀更多詳細審查下的的空中交通管理人事。
"Human fatigue issues are one of the areas being investigated," said the board's statement.
“人類疲勞問題是研究領(lǐng)域之一，”董事會聲明說。
While it's terrible that the employee fell asleep, it's not fair to solely blame the worker, said Jeanne Geiger-Brown, an associate professor at the University of Maryland School of Nursing who researches shift work and sleep.
然而糟糕的是雇員睡著了，單獨責(zé)怪工人是不公平的，珍妮 蓋格—布朗，一個研究輪班工作和睡覺的馬里蘭護理大學(xué)副教授說。
About 16 percent of the workforce participate in a type of shift work.
大約60%的勞力參與一種輪班工作。
"We have to look at the way work is organized so people on the night shift are safe and effective on the job," she said. "The knee-jerk reaction of blaming the person who falls asleep is not really looking at the big picture."
“我們不得不考慮工作安排的方法，那么夜間輪班的人就會安全有效地工作，”她說。“對責(zé)怪睡著的工人的不由自主的迅速反應(yīng)事實上并不是看大圖。”
Accidents tend to happen late in the night or in the early morning -- as it did with the Three Mile Island disaster in 1979 and the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.
趨向于發(fā)生在深夜或清晨的事故——正如1979年的三里島災(zāi)難和1986年的切爾諾貝利災(zāi)難。
It's unnatural for humans to be nocturnal -- no matter how much coffee is consumed.
人成為夜間性的是反常的——不管消耗掉多少咖啡。
"All shift workers get sleepy," said Geiger-Brown. "20% of workers doze off during night shift. People aren't machines."
“所有的輪班工人睡著了，”蓋格—布朗。“20%的工人在夜間輪班時打瞌睡。人不是機器。”
Working the night shift can strain the social life and family time. Adjusting between weekends and work days can also wreak havoc on their sleep schedules.
夜晚輪班工作能拉緊社會生活和家庭時間。在周末和工作日之間調(diào)整也能在他們的睡眠安排上造成嚴重破壞。
Humans are wired to sleep at night by their circadian rhythm, a 24-hour cycle that brings about physical, mental and behavioral changes in the body. The circadian rhythm affects sleep cycles, hormone releases, body temperature and various processes.
人們對于能夠根據(jù)生理節(jié)律在夜晚睡覺感到非常興奮，一個24小時的周期帶來身體里有關(guān)生理，心理和行為變化。生理節(jié)律影響睡眠周期，荷爾蒙釋放，體溫和巨大的流程。
"If you're trying to alter your natural body rhythm, we don't adjust perfectly to that," said Dr. Nancy Collop, director of Emory Clinic Sleep Disorders Center.
“如果你嘗試著去改變你的自然的機體節(jié)律，我們不能完美的適應(yīng)那樣，”南?！肆_博士——埃默里臨床睡眠混亂中心的主管說。
Even when night shift workers try to sleep eight hours during the day to be ready for work, they don't get enough sleep, she said.
即使夜班工人努力睡到八個小時來為工作做準備，他們也不能獲得足夠的睡眠，她說。
When Jones, the nighttime trucker based in South Amboy, New Jersey, has a stretch of eight hours in the daytime to sleep, his body won't allow him.
當(dāng)瓊斯，夜間卡車司機基于南安波伊，新澤西，有多于八小時的白天時間睡覺，他的身體也不允許他這樣。
"I will wake up after four hours," he said. "I'm wide awake. I can't go back to sleep. That has to do with the sun is out and the birds are singing."
“我四小時后就會醒來，”他說。“我是清醒的。我沒法重新入睡。那與太陽升起和鳥兒鳴叫有關(guān)。
There are exceptions, of course. Some people thrive during the dark and are natural night owls, but for most people, staying awake through the night is "trying to do something their bodies don't want to do," said Collop, the president-elect of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
當(dāng)然，也有例外，有些人夜間精力旺盛，是天生的野貓，整晚熬夜是“努力去做一些他們的身體不愿意做的事情，”克羅——美國睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)院主席當(dāng)選人說。
"Our circadian rhythm wants us to sleep at night," she said.
“我們的生理節(jié)律要求我們在晚上睡覺,"她說。
After 10 years on the night shift, Jones said the pay difference between the daytime shift is worth the sacrifice. But many night shift workers pay a price in their health.
十年的夜班工作后，瓊斯說和白天輪班相比的工資差異是值得這樣的犧牲的。但很多夜班工人在他們的健康上面付出了很大的代價。
Night shift workers are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, diabetes and various types of cancers.
夜班工人患冠心病，內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)，糖尿病和各種各樣的癌癥的危險性更高。
Jones has tried to avoid those risks by exercising two hours a day.
瓊斯已經(jīng)通過一天鍛煉兩小時來避免這些危險。
"I've seen guys who seem to have deteriorated," he said about co-workers. "I see the toll it has taken on them. They've gotten heavier, have different aches and pains. I've learned to deal with it and just not to count the hours."
“我已經(jīng)看到伙計們看起來已經(jīng)惡化，”他說到兩位同事。“我看到了它給他們帶來的代價。它們變得更加沉重，有不同的痛苦和不適。我已經(jīng)學(xué)著不記時地處理它。”
Sleep deprivation could be also be a major factor in obesity. A study
睡眠剝奪也可以成為肥胖的主要因素之一。
from Columbia University found that people ate up to 329 more calories a day when they were sleep deprived.
一個來自哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)他們?nèi)狈λ邥r，一天消耗超過329的卡洛里。
After Derrick Hayes, a juvenile corrections officer switched to the overnight shift last year, he gained 20 pounds.
德里克—海耶斯之后，一個少年獄警去年轉(zhuǎn)到夜班，他賺到了二十磅。
"You're not even mindful that you're not eating healthy," he said, adding that he started relying on vending machines. "You're just grabbing stuff because you want to eat at night. You get caught up in the lifestyle -- you're just sleeping, you work, you sleep, work, sleep and you're not exercising and eating right."
“你甚至多沒有警覺到你的飲食不健康,”他說，補充說他開始依賴自動售貨機。“你僅僅暴食，因為你想要在晚上吃。你陷入了這種生活方式中--你僅僅在睡覺，你工作，你睡覺，工作，睡覺，你不鍛煉身體也不正確飲食。”
Hayes has lost most of that extra weight and is trying to eat a more balanced diet with fruit and water.
海耶斯已經(jīng)失去了大部分的額外體重，努力用水果和水平衡膳食。
What could also contribute to metabolic disorders and obesity is that the body's rhythm may be off kilter to properly break down a hamburger at 3 a.m., said Giles Duffield, a University of Notre Dame biologist.
有利于代謝紊亂和肥胖癥也有利的是，身體節(jié)律也許會失去平衡，在凌晨3點適當(dāng)毀掉一個漢堡包，賈爾斯-達菲爾德--一個巴黎圣母院生物學(xué)家說。
One of the liver's function is to digest food, absorb nutrients and get rid of toxic substances. The liver may not have sufficient level of enzymes to break food down and store nutrients at that time.
肝臟的功能之一是消化食物，吸收營養(yǎng)和排除有毒物質(zhì)。肝臟也許沒有足夠量的酶來降解食物，同時吸收營養(yǎng)。
"A lot of enzymes found in the liver are rhythmic," Duffield said. "[The enzymes] are expecting food in the time you'd eat. The liver expects fats and sugars during the daytime not the nighttime."
“大量肝臟里發(fā)現(xiàn)的酶是有節(jié)律的，”達菲爾德說。“{酶}在你飲食的時候期待食物。肝臟期待脂肪和糖類，在白天而不是在夜晚。”
The Chart: Tips on dealing with sleep and the night shift
圖表：關(guān)于處理睡眠和夜班的秘訣
But one upside of the night shift is that it gives Hayes flexibility in the day to run errands, pay bills and take his kids to doctor's appointments.
但是夜班的一個好處是它給了海耶斯每天跑步，買單和帶孩子們?nèi)グ菰L醫(yī)生的靈活性。
"It works for me," Hayes said about his current schedule. "It may not work for everybody. I try to have a positive mindset, keep my mind focused on what I have to do."
“那對我很適用，”海耶斯說到關(guān)于他現(xiàn)在的時間安排。“它也許不適用于每個人。我努力保持一個樂觀的心態(tài)，讓我的思想集中在我必須做什么上面。”
