《精神病學(xué)新聞》2011.12.02
Volume 46 Number 23 page 7-32
46卷23期7-32頁(yè)
American Psychiatric Association
美國(guó)精神病學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)
Teens’ Lack of Sleep Linked With Health-Risk Behaviors
青少年睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康危險(xiǎn)行為的出現(xiàn)
Researchers call for continued national surveillance and research regarding sleep duration and associated factors among adolescents.
科學(xué)家呼吁繼續(xù)對(duì)青少年睡眠不足及相關(guān)因素展開(kāi)國(guó)際性調(diào)查和研究
Leslie SinclairMore than two-thirds of adolescent students receive too little sleep on a regular basis, a condition associated with many health-risk behaviors, said Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers in the online August 5 Preventive Medicine.
萊斯利·辛克萊 美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的科學(xué)家于八月五號(hào)在預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)網(wǎng)上報(bào)道說(shuō)，超過(guò)三分之二的青少年學(xué)生經(jīng)常睡眠過(guò)少，從而導(dǎo)致一些健康危險(xiǎn)行為的出現(xiàn)。 萊拉麥克耐特-艾莉博士和她的同事，美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心組織機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)家慢性病預(yù)防和健康促進(jìn)中心的所有工作人員，所使用的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自于2007年對(duì)12154名美國(guó)高中生進(jìn)行的全國(guó)性青年危險(xiǎn)行為調(diào)查，這是一項(xiàng)每?jī)赡赀M(jìn)行一次的自我管理調(diào)查，用來(lái)收集能代表公立和私立學(xué)校9年級(jí)到12年級(jí)學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)信息。他們通過(guò)詢問(wèn)學(xué)生“上學(xué)期間晚上平均睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)？”來(lái)確定他們的睡眠時(shí)間，并將不同的回答分為“睡眠不足”（少于八個(gè)小時(shí)）和“睡眠充足”（不少于八個(gè)小時(shí)）。 睡眠不足與11項(xiàng)健康危險(xiǎn)行為中的10項(xiàng)有關(guān)。在這10項(xiàng)健康危險(xiǎn)行為中，睡眠不足的學(xué)生都要比睡眠充足的學(xué)生更容易發(fā)生?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，睡眠不足與每天看電視超過(guò)三個(gè)小時(shí)沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，但是在男同學(xué)中兩者卻有明顯的聯(lián)系，在女學(xué)生中卻沒(méi)有。 麥克耐特-艾莉和她的同事推測(cè)慢性睡眠不足可能影響認(rèn)知，降低青少年領(lǐng)悟危險(xiǎn)行為后果的能力，或者使他們更容易受到來(lái)自同伴的壓力。他們還指出了其他的可能性，包括睡眠不足導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知能力與使用藥物之間可能的協(xié)同影響，精神問(wèn)題可能會(huì)成為睡眠與一些危險(xiǎn)行為之間的關(guān)聯(lián)的基礎(chǔ)。 麥克耐特-艾莉在美國(guó)疾病與控制中心媒體咨詢會(huì)上說(shuō)：“許多青少年讀書期間晚上沒(méi)有得到建議的睡眠時(shí)間。睡眠不足導(dǎo)致一些健康危險(xiǎn)行為，包括使用藥物，打架，甚至考慮自殺，這就非常需要采取公共衛(wèi)生干預(yù)措施，其中推遲學(xué)生上課時(shí)間有望成為全面解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一項(xiàng)有效措施?！?/p>Lela McKnight-Eily, Ph.D., and her colleagues, all of the CDC’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, used data from the 2007 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey of 12,154 U.S. high school students, a biennial self-administered survey designed to produce data representative of public and private school students in grades 9 through 12. They assessed hours of sleep by asking students, “On an average school night, how many hours of sleep do you get?” Responses were dichotomized into “insufficient sleep” (fewer than eight hours) and “sufficient sleep” (eight or more hours).
The students were also asked about several health-risk behaviors, including non-diet soda consumption; lack of physical activity; hours spent watching television; hours spent playing video or computer games or using a computer for a reason not related to school work; use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana; sexual intercourse; feelings of sadness or hopelessness; and serious consideration of suicide.Insufficient sleep was associated with 10 of the 11 health-risk behaviors examined. For all 10, students who reported insufficient sleep had higher odds of engaging in the risk behavior than did students who reported sufficient sleep. There was no association between insufficient sleep and watching television for more than three hours a day overall, but the association was significant among male students, but not among females.
他們還詢問(wèn)了學(xué)生的一些健康危險(xiǎn)行為，包括飲用非飲食蘇打飲料；缺乏體力活動(dòng)；長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視，看視頻，玩電腦游戲或者用計(jì)算機(jī)做與功課無(wú)關(guān)的事情；吸煙，喝酒或吸食大麻；性交；悲傷或絕望，甚至考慮自殺。 McKnight-Eily and her colleagues theorized that chronic sleep insufficiency might have an effect on cognition, decreasing adolescents’ ability to comprehend consequences of risk behaviors or increasing susceptibility to peer pressure. Other possibilities they mentioned included the synergistic influence on cognitive abilities of insufficient sleep combined with substance use and the possibility that psychiatric problems might underlie the relationship between sleep and some risk behaviors.
“Many adolescents are not getting the recommended hours of sleep they need on school nights. Insufficient sleep is associated with participation in a number of health-risk behaviors including substance use, physical fighting, and serious consideration of suicide attempt,” said McKnight-Eily in a CDC Media Advisory. “Public health intervention is greatly needed, and the consideration of delayed school start times may hold promise as one effective step in a comprehensive approach to address this problem.”
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