對于很多人來說，吃飯時的一杯酒會讓人感覺食物更順利地流到胃里去。但是最近一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃大餐的時候喝酒會讓食物在胃中的逗留時間更長，會讓人更長時間里感覺撐著了。
The findings offer new insight into the complicated and multi-faceted ways that alcohol interacts with digestion and appetite. The study, which analyzed people as they ate cheese fondue, may also help settle a long-standing debate among Europeans about which beverage is best to drink with a popular and festive dish.
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了新的視點來洞察酒精與消化過程和食欲之間的復(fù)雜多面的相互作用。這項研究在人們吃奶酪火鍋的時候研究這一問題。這項研究可能有助于解決一個長期存在于歐洲人之中的爭論，這個爭論是在吃一頓很豐盛的菜肴時，什么飲料是最合適的呢？
"In Switzerland and other parts of Europe, there is a big debate when families get together about what they are going to drink with fondue," said Mark Fox, a gastroenterologist at the Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center in the United Kingdom. He worked on the study while at the University of Zurich.
“在瑞士和歐洲其他地方，當(dāng)一家人聚在一起吃奶酪火鍋的時候總是會為喝什么飲料而爭論”，Mark Fox說。Mark Fox是英國諾丁漢姆消化系統(tǒng)疾病研究中心的一位腸胃病學(xué)家。這是他在蘇黎世大學(xué)時做的研究。
"Half say you should drink white wine because it dissolves the cheese," he said. "The other half says you should drink warm tea because wine turns the cheese into a solid mass. All are completely old wives' tales."
他解釋道：“一半人說應(yīng)該喝紅酒因為酒精會在奶酪中分解，另一半的人則說應(yīng)該喝暖暖茶因為酒精會讓奶酪凝固成一團(tuán)。這兩種說法完全是無稽之談。”
Fondue-lovers also argue about whether a shot of spirits after the meal will further reduce the discomforts of eating such a rich and gooey dinner. Previous studies have shown that drinking an alcoholic beverage before a meal increases appetite and causes people to eat a bit more than they would otherwise.
奶酪火鍋的愛好者則為餐后一小盅會不會減少吃這么油膩粘稠的一餐帶來的不舒服而爭論。先前的研究已經(jīng)顯示，餐前喝點酒可以開胃，因為這會比他們在餐前不喝酒的情況吃得多一點。
To find out how drinking during and after a meal might add to the story, Fox and colleagues fed a meal of bread and Swiss cheese fondue to 20 healthy adults who hadn't eaten anything for six hours beforehand.
為弄明白喝酒是如何在吃飯時和吃飯后對消化作用產(chǎn)生可能影響的。Fox和他的同事們在實驗中，向20個健康成人提供了一頓面包和瑞士奶酪火鍋餐，這20個人在實驗之前的6個小時內(nèi)沒有吃過任何的東西。
Half of the diners were assigned to sip about 10 ounces of white wine at regular intervals throughout the meal. The other half drank the same volume of black tea at the same intervals. Both groups ate equal amounts of bread and fondue, which was made with Gruyere and Fribourgeois cheeses. The meal contained about 780 calories, 52 grams of protein, 150 milligrams of sodium and 64 grams of fat.
實驗中，10個人的任務(wù)是在進(jìn)餐過程中相隔相同時間時喝約10盎司的白酒，另外10個人則是喝同等分量的白酒。兩組人在實驗中吃相同分量的面包和奶酪火鍋。奶酪火鍋是由Gruyere和Fribourgeois兩種奶酪做成。這頓飯含有780卡路里的熱量，52克的蛋白質(zhì)，150毫克的鈉和64克的脂肪。
An hour and a half later, half of each group was again chosen at random to drink a shot of cherry schnapps. The other half drank a shot of water. Throughout the meal, the scientists gave diners breath tests that measured a type of weighted carbon and revealed how slowly or quickly their stomachs were churning up the food.
一個半小時孩子后，每組中的一半的人被隨機(jī)抽中喝一小盅櫻桃味的杜松子酒，每組中剩下的另一半則喝一小盅水。在整個進(jìn)餐過程中，研究者們對這些進(jìn)餐者進(jìn)行呼吸測試，測量一種同位素示蹤的碳，揭示他們的胃消化食物的快慢程度。
One of the most striking findings, Fox said, was how incredibly slowly the stomach empties a cheese fondue meal, no matter what you drink.
Fox說，最震撼的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是無論你喝了什么，你的胃消化那餐奶酪火鍋的速度都是難以置信的慢。
Extrapolating from their measurements, he estimated that it would take six hours for the stomach to completely empty itself in the group that drank tea and water. By comparison, the process of gastric emptying would take nine hours in those who drank both wine and Schnapps.
從測量結(jié)果來推斷，F(xiàn)ox估計對于喝茶喝水的人來說，他們的胃將要花費6個小時來完全消化那些食物。相較之下，那些喝白酒和杜松子酒的人的胃則需要9個小時。
For the wine-drinkers, the researchers report today in the journal BMJ, digestion slowed along with the first sip. After chugging schnapps, the rate also dropped immediately.
在今天的BMJ期刊上研究者發(fā)表報告，報告中指出，對于喝酒的人來說，在他們喝第一口酒的時候，消化過程就減慢了。在喝了杜松子酒之后，消化的速度就急速下降。
"There's something we call 'cheese baby syndrome,'" Fox said. "You just feel like you're pregnant, like these big lumps of cheese are still sitting in your stomach."
“有一種我們稱為奶酪嬰綜合癥，”Fox解釋說。“你就感覺像懷孕了一樣，好像那些奶酪塊還在你的胃里沒有被消化一樣。”
Tea drinking might have had the opposite effect: There is some evidence in rats that tea actually speeds up gastric emptying. But the volume of tea used in this study was so small, Fox said, that he imagines that drinking water would produce the same results.
喝茶可能起相反效果：一些在老鼠中的研究顯示，茶確實可以加速腸胃消化的速度。Fox說，但是在這個實驗中茶的用量太小了，以至于他認(rèn)為喝水會起到同樣的效果。
With their fuller stomachs, the wine-drinkers expressed less interest in eating dessert after the meal than the tea-drinkers did, though there was no difference between groups in how uncomfortable they felt. That suggests, Fox said, that healthy people can probably drink whatever they want with fondue and feel just fine.
當(dāng)他們的胃被飲料撐得過滿的時候，相對于喝茶者，飲酒者餐后對點心表示出更少的興趣，盡管兩組人感覺到的不舒服程度沒有什么差別。這就意味著，F(xiàn)ox說，健康的人吃奶酪火鍋的時候可以隨心所欲地喝他們喜歡的飲料，而且感覺不錯。
For people who are prone to bloating and digestive distress after a rich meal, on the other hand, drinking alcohol with food might help relax the stomach at first, soothing symptoms. As the hours wear on, though, discomfort might be worse than if they had chosen tea or water instead.
另一方面，對于那些在大餐之后容易腹部腫脹，消化不良的人來說，喝酒首先可以幫助胃部放松，減緩癥狀。盡管隨著時間慢慢過去，他們要比喝茶或喝水之后更加感覺不舒服。
It's impossible to say from this study whether drinking alcohol with a meal might affect how much food people eat or how much weight they gain or lose, said Thomas Abell, a gastroenterologist at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson.
Thomas Abell說，從這份研究中，我們不能下結(jié)論說吃飯時喝酒會影響人們吃多少食物，體重增加多少。Thomas Abell是位于杰克遜的密西西比大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的一名腸胃病學(xué)家。
Instead, the findings bring us one small step closer to understanding the complicated interactions between our behaviors and our bodies.
不過，這些結(jié)果讓我們更進(jìn)一步了解了我們的行為和我們的身體之間的復(fù)雜交互作用。
"To think about how little is actually know about something millions and billions of people do every day is pretty amazing," Abell said. "It's an important article in that way. We do these things all time, and we don't know very much about them. The body is so complex."
“只是想一想我們對人們每天所做的成百上千萬的事幾乎一無所知就已經(jīng)是一件相當(dāng)令人驚奇的事了，”Abell說。“在這個意義上來說這是一篇重要的文章。我們一直都在做這些事，但我們卻對它們所知甚少。人的身體真是復(fù)雜啊。”
