過(guò)去分詞作——定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
The Past Participle used As Attribute and Predicative
第一講、過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 災(zāi)區(qū)
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語(yǔ)
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語(yǔ)
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語(yǔ)
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語(yǔ)
Past Participle as the Attribute定語(yǔ)
Past Participle as the Predicative表語(yǔ)
1.terrified people
1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats
2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water
3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room
4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner
5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children
6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase
7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door
8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience
9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal
10.an animal that is trapped
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)去過(guò)北京)
及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped
不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛(ài)。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)過(guò)北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫的書) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會(huì)議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽(yáng)光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說(shuō)的).
Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的) were from South Africa.
The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.
The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
①過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。
②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
③不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
Consolidation 鞏固
1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
2. With a lot of different problems ____,
the newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
4. When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. pin, read B. pinning, reading
C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read
2）作表語(yǔ) 表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。
Don’t get so excited. 別這么激動(dòng)。
1.用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。
① The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
② The windows are closed.
The windows are closed by Jack.
3.表示“感覺(jué)流露”的一些過(guò)去分詞(如:interested,
surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過(guò)去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意味。
① How did the audience receive the new play?
They got very excited.
② How did Bob do in the exams this time?
Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.
④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
作表語(yǔ)練習(xí)：
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing
C. grew lost D. got lost
3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義．
現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成．
a moving movie 感人的電影
a moved audience 被感動(dòng)的觀眾
boiling water 正在燒(煮沸)的水
boiled water 已煮沸的水
developing countries 反展中國(guó)家
developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
falling leaves 落葉(正在進(jìn)行)
fallen leaves 落葉(已經(jīng)完成)
The child standing over there is my brother.
The room facing south is our classroom.
The book written by Lu Xun is very good.
The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.
第二講、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)用法歸納
英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，（此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞）表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
一． 過(guò)去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語(yǔ)：少說(shuō)多看）
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二．過(guò)分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：
A）表"讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過(guò)去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過(guò)去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過(guò)去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：
1.___ poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.
A.To be;understand B.I'm ;to understand C.Being ;understanding D.Being;understood
2.I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.
A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing
3.You must get the work ___ before Friday.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.done
4.___ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.
A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered; being stolen D.Having entered;to be stolen
5.We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.
A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling
6.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.(上海1999）
A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired
7.It is wise to have some money ___ for old age.(NMET1996)
A.put away B.keep up C.give away D.laid up (put away 放好, 儲(chǔ)存...備用, 處理掉, 放棄, 拋棄)
8.I don't want the children ___ out in such weather.
A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking
9.I'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.
A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood
10.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied (表動(dòng)作完成）
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：
1.We found her greatly ___.
A.improving B.changed C.to help D.having disturbed
2.Jane got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.
A.to put in B.pulled out C.pushed out D.drawing out
3.When ____ ,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)
A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed
4.With a lot of difficulties ___ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
5.The research is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002)
A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun( once begun 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，begin為及物動(dòng)詞:“著手”）
6.___ ,they went home,___.
A.Their work had been finished;singing and laughing
B.They had finished their work;sang and laughed
C.Their work finished ;singing and laughing
D.after their work finished;singing and laughing
7.Before he came to London,he had never heard a single English word ___
A.speaking B.speak C.spoken D.to speak
8.____ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
9.___ from space,the earth with water ___70％ of its surface looks like a "blue blanket".
A.Seen ;covered B.Being seen;covers C.Seeing;covering D.Seen;covering
10.____,the experiment will be successful.
A.If carefully doing B.If it done carefully C.If carefully done D.If doing carefully
11.The girl wrote a composition without ___.
A.ask B.asking C.being asked D.to be asked
12.He finished his homework and then went on ___me.
A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help
13.___where to go ,he asked a policeman.
A.Having lost his way and not knowing
B.Losing his way and didn't know
C.Having lost his way and didn't know
D.Lost his way and didn't know
14.____ her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.
A.Hearing B.Having heard C.To hear D.Heard
15.____ his team had won, his face lit up at once.
A.Knowing B.When knowing C.After knowing D.When he knew
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：
1.They hurried back home only to find their house ___ into.
A.break B.to break C.broken D.breaking
2.When he came to,he found himself ___ on a chair, with his hands ___ back.
A.to sit;tied B.sitting;tying C.sat;tied D.sitting;tied
3.We do not feel ___ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.
A.invited B.inviting C.to invite D.to be invited
(feel后加形容詞，此處的invited 表主語(yǔ)we 的感受)
4.I'm going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then.
A.to type B.type C.typed D.typing
5.Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty ___ in art and literature.
A.expressed B.to express C.being expressed D.to be expressed
答案：
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：:1-5 CDACA
第三講、Past Participle As the adverbial 過(guò)分作狀語(yǔ)
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)
Much tired ,he still kept on working .＝（Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
• Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，；而過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
• 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。例如：
• Used for a long time, the book looks old.
• 由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
• 在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)
_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
• be lost in
• be dressed in
• be interested in
• be devoted to
be supposed to
• be caught in the rain
• be seated in
• be prepared for
• be determined to
2.不與主語(yǔ)保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)/坦白地說(shuō)
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來(lái)看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作）
Practice
• 1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
練習(xí)
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited B inviting
C being invited D having invited
4 ___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times B Having been told many times
C Told many times D Although he had been told many times
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing B introduced
C introduce D being introduced
6 There seemed to be nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .
A leave / send B left / to send
C left / send D leaving / send
作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
8 . The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.
A. following, following B. followed, followed
C. following, followed D. followed, following
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken B. looking; taken
C. looked; took D. looking; taking
10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
11. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
第四講、倒裝句
倒裝句的定義：英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。
如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，就叫做倒裝。
2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成
a) 完全倒裝
將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱之為完全倒裝。
Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎？
Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。
b) 部分倒裝
只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如：
Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎？
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better.
只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒裝的原因
a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎？
Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲！
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
c）強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如：
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句（除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外）：
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來(lái)了！
c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等）放在句首時(shí):
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火車剛一進(jìn)站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
2. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序，例如：
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了，我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如：
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實(shí)如此。”
3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it．不管這本書多有趣，他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。
4. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如：
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話，他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
accept it. 假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
單項(xiàng)選擇
1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.
A. so had I B. so did I C. I had so D. so I had
2. Not until _____ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.
A. that you can B. that can you C. you can D. can you
4. Be quick! _________.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming
5. In ________ and the lesson began.
A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming
C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come
6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
7. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
--- I don’t know, _________.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. neither don’t I care
8. Only when _________ how important it is to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
9. _______ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.
A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he
C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened
10. _______, she is still as strong as you.
A as old she is B. Old as she is
C. As she is old D. As old is she
