定語(yǔ)從句/形容詞性從句
(The Attributive/Relative/Adjective Clause)
◆ 一個(gè)定義：
在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“形容詞”，起“定語(yǔ)”的作用，修飾說(shuō)明名詞、代詞或主句全部?jī)?nèi)容的從句。
★ 復(fù)合句 = 主句 + 定語(yǔ)從句
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
★限制性定語(yǔ)從句（修飾限制、無(wú)逗號(hào)）；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（附加說(shuō)明、常有逗號(hào)隔開）
◆ 二類關(guān)系詞：（共9個(gè)）
①關(guān)系代詞（指物which、指人who/whom、既指物又指人that/whose/as）
②關(guān)系副詞（指時(shí)間when、地點(diǎn)where、原因why）
◆ 三項(xiàng)作用：
①連接作用 ②替代作用 ③成分作用
◆ 四個(gè)核心考點(diǎn)：
① which/that/as
★常見句型：such/so/as/the same…as…;as is known to all; as anybody can see; as is often the case; as is mentioned above; as is reported in the newspaper; as we had expected等。
② who/whom/whose
★whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom 或of which/whom +the+n.
③ when/where/why/the way(in which/that)
★注意一些抽象化的先行詞：situation/point/case/condition/stage/activity/job/game/race/…+where…;occasion/interval/age/…+when…
④ 介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom/whose+n.
★ 介詞選擇“三原則”：先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配；從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配；綜合考慮。
★ All/both/none/neither/some/any/most/half/each/many/…+ of which/whom…
◆ 五種成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
◆ 六種特殊情況：
① 先行詞是不定代詞all,anything,much等；
② 先行詞被the only,the very,the last等修飾；
③ 先行詞是最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或被它們修飾；
④ 先行詞既有人又有物；
⑤ 主句中含有who,which;
⑥ 先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，且在從句中也作表語(yǔ)。
◆ 七個(gè)易混點(diǎn)：
① 定語(yǔ)從句 VS 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It was Nov.11,2011 when they got married.
It was on Nov.11,2011 that they got married.
② 定語(yǔ)從句 VS 名詞性從句（同位語(yǔ)從句）
The fact that he told us is very surprising.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
③ 定語(yǔ)從句 VS 并列句
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
Jim passed the driving test, and it surprised everybody in the office.
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, neither of whom came.
They will fly to Kunming, where(=and there)they will stay for two or three days.
④ 定語(yǔ)從句 VS 狀語(yǔ)從句
She is such a good teacher as we all respect.
She is such a good teacher that we all respect her.
⑤ 關(guān)系代詞as / which指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)用法區(qū)別
⑥ One of… / the (only)one of…作先行詞時(shí)，從句主謂一致
He is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
He is the (only)one of the boys who has passed the exam.
⑦ The reason / the way等作先行詞時(shí)，從句引導(dǎo)詞選擇問(wèn)題
The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.
The way (that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was quite simple.
I disapprove the reasons (which/that)he came up with.
I disapprove the reasons why/that/for which he was absent.
◆ 八字口訣：一看（先行詞），二析（從句成分），三思（特殊情況），四選（關(guān)系詞）
定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)鞏固提升訓(xùn)練
1.(2010全國(guó)卷I,24) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _______is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. Where C. What D. that
2.(2010全國(guó)卷II ,16) I refuse to accept the blame for something _______was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
3. (2010北京卷,27) Children who are not active or_______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
4. (2010福建卷,24) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets _______life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
5. (2010湖南卷,28) I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______I meet in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
6. (2010江蘇卷,32) The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
7. (2010江西卷,31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
8. (2010山東卷,24) That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
9. (2010陜西卷,11) The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
10. (2010四川卷,10) After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling，_______turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
11. (2010天津卷,8) — Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
— You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
12.(2010重慶卷,28) In China, the number of cities is increasing_______ development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
13. (2010浙江卷,3) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _______left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
14. (2010上海卷,38) Wind power is an ancient source of energy _______we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
15.（2011福建,24） She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students_______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
16.（2011安徽,28） Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
17.（2011北京,26） Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
18. (2011天津,10) The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. (2011江西,34) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
20. (2011湖南,25) Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _______ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
21. (2011山東,32) The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
22. (2011四川,17) The school shop, _______customers are mainly students, is closed f0r the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
23. (2011浙江,8) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_______ uses it somewhat differently .
A. which B. what C. them D. those
24. (2011浙江,10) A bank is the place_______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain .
A. when B. that C. where D. there
25. (2011江蘇,24) Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______the audience can buy ice-cream.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
26. (2011全國(guó)I,31) The prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
27. (2011全國(guó)II,7) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
28. (2011陜西,11) I walked up to the top of the hill with my fiend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
29. (2011上海,39) You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station_______ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
30.（2011福建,33）It was April 29, 2011_______Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
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