標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美音：GA：General American標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英音：RP：Received Pronunciation
2. 英音與美音的元音區(qū)別
2.1 元音區(qū)別A：卷舌音
當(dāng)字母 r 出現(xiàn)在單詞的元音字母組合中時，英音 r 不發(fā)音，美音會出現(xiàn)獨(dú)特的卷舌音。
[ɑr] car charge far large smart
[?r ] her earn bird turn learn word first（基準(zhǔn)卷舌音）
[?r] dear near
[?r ] air dare pear their where
[?r] sure tour poor
[?r] for more door floor pour before
[j?r ] fewer sure poor tour cure
[ɑ?r] fire liar buyer tired higher
[ɑ?r] hour flower tower power shower
[??r ] employer destroyer
2.2 元音區(qū)別B：[ɑ:] – [?]
英語中的元音[ɑ:]在用于[f] [θ] [s]或鼻音前時，美語發(fā)為[?]，但在字母組合lm前發(fā)音不變?nèi)詾閇ɑ]。
英音 美音
(1) half /hɑ:f/ /h ? f/
(2) bath /bɑ: θ/ /b ?θ/
(3) pass /pɑ:s/ /p ? s/
(4) ask /ɑ:sk/ / ? sk/
(5) calm /kɑ:m/ /kɑm/
(6) palm /pɑ:m/ /pɑm/
Read the dialogue
At a Party
Margaret： Where’s your glass, Barbara?
Barbara： It’s on the bar.
Martin： Barbara, Margaret! Come into the garden! Martha and Charles are dancing on the grass!
Margaret： In the garden? What a laugh!
Barbara： So they are!
Margaret： They are dancing under the stars!
Martin： And Arnold’s playing his guitar.
Barbara： Doesn’t Martha look smart?
Margaret： Look at Charles! What a marvelous dancer!
Barbara： Ah! Let’s take a photograph of Martha and Charles.
Martin： We can’t. It’s too dark.
2.3 元音區(qū)別C：
英語[?: ]變?yōu)槊勒Z[?]或[ɑ]（其實(shí)美語發(fā)音介于兩者之間，區(qū)分并不大，建議讀作[ɑ]）。
英音 美音
(1) bought /b?:t/ /b?t/或/bɑt/
(2) talk /t?:k/ /t?k/或/tɑk/
(3) ball /b?:l/ /b?l/或/bɑl/
(4) caught /k?:t/ /k?t/或/kɑt/
(5) law /l?:/ /l?/或/lɑ/
(5) saw /s?:/ /s?/或/sɑ/
Read the following words, paying attention to the pronunciation of [?].
coffee water caught law
bought boss tall talk
lawyer fought walk ball
cause draw daughter August
saw ought flaw paw
2.4 元音區(qū)別D：[?] – [ɑ]
英語[?]變?yōu)槊勒Z[ɑ]。
英音 美音
(1) hot /h?t/ /hɑt/
(2) cot /k?t/ /kɑt/
(3) clock /kl?k/ /klɑk/
(4) shop /??p/ /?ɑp/
(5) box /b?x/ /bɑx/
(6) not /n?t/ /nɑt/
Read the following words, while paying attention to the different pronunciation of [ɑ].
what want wash watch
bottle promise shop job
hot top college pot
2.5 元音區(qū)別E：[?] [?] – [?]
英語[?]、[?]在美語中不再區(qū)分，讀為[?]（其實(shí)美音將其讀成兩者都可以，不作區(qū)分，只不過是強(qiáng)弱讀的分別而已，前者強(qiáng)讀后者弱讀）。
英音 美音
(1) above /?’b?v/ /?’b?v/
(2) but /b?t/ /b?t/
(3) touch /t?t?/ /t?t?/
(4) love /l?v/ /l?v/
(5) blood /bl?d/ /bl?d/
Now practice the sound in words. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) up /?p/ up
(2) love /l?v/ love
(3) cut /k?t/ cut
(4) another /?’n???r/ another
(5) above /?’b?v/ above
(6) bus /b?s/ bus
(7) nut /n?t/ nut
(8) sun /s?n/ sun
(9) bun /b?n/ bun
(10) cup /k?p/ cup
2.6 元音區(qū)別F：[e] [?]
與英語中的[e]相比，美語中的[?]口型向兩側(cè)分得略大一點(diǎn)。
英音 美音
(1) bed /bed/ /b?d/
(2) head /hed/ /h?d/
Now practice the sound in words.
(1) egg /?g/ egg
(2) guess /g?s/ guess
(3) neck /n?k/ neck
(4) red /r?d/ red
(5) let /l?t/ let
3. 英音與美音的輔音區(qū)別
3.1 輔音區(qū)別A:字母t的發(fā)音
字母 t 可出現(xiàn)在單詞的詞首、詞中和詞尾三個部位。其中在詞首與詞尾時的發(fā)音技巧美式與英式相同，發(fā)[t]，例如 tight /tɑ?t/。而在詞中時，英式讀法和詞首、詞尾一致，美式卻有兩種讀法。
Flat[t]
由舌尖彈動發(fā)出的彈舌音，聽起來像一個非常輕的[d]。
better city letter little bottle
better noted city little citizen patio putting
Read the words, while paying attention to the pronunciation of [t] ( =[d] ).
city forty butter
water dirty matter
writer better Betty
/t/ /d/
Italian Italy
attack attic
atomic atom
photography photograph
鼻腔爆破
鼻腔爆破(Nasal Plosive)：由舌前端在上齒根部閉氣，軟顎放低，發(fā)出鼻輔音/n/的瞬間，氣流突然從鼻腔沖出，形成鼻腔爆破。
button cotton√ thirteen×
button written curtain eaten important Latin
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) mutton /’m?tn/ mutton
(2) written /’ritin/ /’r?tn/ written
(3) curtain /’k?:tin/ /’k?rtn/ curtain
(4) certain /’s?:tin/ /’s?rtn/ certain
(5) eaten /’itin/ /’?tn/ eaten
(6) button /’b?t?n/ /’b?tn/ button
3.2 輔音區(qū)別B:字母l的發(fā)音
Clear L
舌尖抵在上齒根部，再自然落下，發(fā)出類似漢語“了”的音。
light let lip local lake lamp
Phrases and single sentences
a lovely girl All is well.
Let her alone.
to tell a lie
ate at night
Did he leave?
little by little
to live well
to talk loud
Is Della telling us a lie?
Laura left a little after eleven.
All love letters belong to loose Louise.
Would you like to look at the lake
where Larry Lotter was eaten for lunch?
Where shall we meet for lunch?
A little boy just fell into the lake.
Dark L
舌尖抵在上齒根部但不落下，氣流從舌邊涌出(如下圖)，聲帶振動發(fā)[?]。
ball talk fail feel ill wolf
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) kill / kill/ kill
(2) school /skul/ school
(3) soul /s?ul/ soul
(4) pail /pɑil/ pail
(5) boil /b?il/ boil
(6) tool /tul/ tool
單詞中不同位置的L
1) 詞首: 字母L單獨(dú)或以輔音連綴的形式出現(xiàn)在單詞的詞首時，都發(fā)Clear L。如 fly play blame climb
2) 詞中:字母L單獨(dú)或以雙寫形式出現(xiàn)在單詞的詞中時
——英式：只發(fā)一個Clear L。
——美式：先發(fā)一個Dark L，再發(fā)一個Clear L。如 telephone elephant a million
3) 詞尾:字母L單獨(dú)或以輔音連綴的形式出現(xiàn)在單詞詞尾時，都發(fā)Dark L。如：feel bell felt belt。
Practice the sound /l/ as in “l(fā)ike” in several different positions. Listen and repeat these words.
詞首
(1) look (4) lunch (7) laugh (10) loud
(2) labor (5) legal (8) lecture (11) lover
(3) license (6) lawyer (9) leader (12) literature
詞中
(1) alive (4) alarm (7) believe (10) dollar
(2) college (5) family (8) polite (11) toilet
(3) realize (6) island (9) popular (12) intelligent
詞尾
(1) all (4) pool (7) small (10) well
(2) heel (5) dial (8) female (11) April
(3) annual (6) install (9) control (12) schedule
