弗蘭西斯·培根Francis Bacon,1561-1626，英國(guó)著名的唯物主義哲學(xué)家，古典經(jīng)驗(yàn)論的始祖，歸納科學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。他在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的巨人中被尊稱為哲學(xué)史和科學(xué)史上劃時(shí)代的人物。馬克思稱他是“英國(guó)唯物主義和整個(gè)現(xiàn)代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的真正始祖?！钡谝粋€(gè)提出“知識(shí)就是力量”的人。其主要著作有：《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)步》、《新工具》等。Francis Bacon(1561－1626) was the founder of English materialist philosophy.He was born into the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon, keeper of the Privy Seal(御璽) to Queen Elizabeth. The boy early won the favor of the Queen. He went to Cambridge at twelve and after graduating at sixteen, took up law. He soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the time. At twenty-three he became a member of the House of Commons(下議院) and his judgment and eloquence(口才) made him famous. When James I came to England, Bacon obtained one important office after another until he became lord Chancellor(大法官) and was made a peer (nobleman) in 1618. He was an admirable judge, but in the course of rising he had made enemies who charged him with bribery (受賄). He was convicted (判罪) deprived (免去) of his office, fined and banished (流放) from London in 1621. Five years later, he died in disgrace (恥辱).Francis Bacon, lawyer, statesman, philosopher and master of English tongue, is famous not only for his philosophical works, but also for his essays. In 1597 he published a collection of ten essays, which were afterwards increased to fifty-eight, including the well-known one "On Reading", whose title is actually "Of Studies". These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and age and many others. They have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (簡(jiǎn)短) and force of expression. Many of his sentences have become wise old sayings—"Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark," "Reading makes a full man; conference a ready(敏捷的) man, and writing an exact man"."Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested." This is a very famous saying from "Of Studies". No advice is better than this. It tells us how to read different kinds of books.敏捷“真正的敏捷是一件很有價(jià)值的事。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間是衡量事業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一如金錢(qián)是衡量貨物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；所以在做事不敏捷的時(shí)候，那事業(yè)的代價(jià)一定是很高的”。制度“制度不執(zhí)行，比沒(méi)制度危害更大”。讀書(shū)“讀書(shū)的目的是為了認(rèn)識(shí)事物原理。為挑剔辯駁去讀書(shū)是無(wú)聊。但也不可過(guò)于迷信書(shū)本。求知的目的不是為了吹噓炫耀，而應(yīng)該是為了尋找真理，啟迪智慧”。原文： Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.“讀史使人明智，讀詩(shī)使人巧慧，數(shù)學(xué)使人精細(xì)，物理學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人高尚，邏輯修辭使人善辯”?！墩搶W(xué)問(wèn)》“閱讀使人充實(shí)，談?wù)撌谷藱C(jī)敏，寫(xiě)作使人精確”?！墩搶W(xué)問(wèn)》原文：Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.“知識(shí)就是力量”。逆境“幸運(yùn)所需要的美德是節(jié)制，逆境所需要的美德是堅(jiān)韌”。原文：The virtue of prosperity, is temperance; the virtue of adversity, is fortitude "OF ADVERSITY "“一切幸福都絕非沒(méi)有憂慮和煩惱,而一切逆境也絕非沒(méi)有慰籍與希望”。原文：Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes; and adversity is not without comforts and hopes."OF ADVERSITY "相形見(jiàn)小有一次，伊麗莎白女王巡幸到培根的府邸。由于女王生活在宅深墻高的宮庭大院里，平時(shí)也多來(lái)往于達(dá)官顯貴們奢侈華貴的住宅，當(dāng)她看到簡(jiǎn)樸普通的大法官的宅第時(shí)，不禁驚嘆道：“你的住宅太小了?。 ?培根站在女王身邊，仔細(xì)端詳了自己的房舍后，聳聳肩說(shuō)：“陛下，我的住宅其實(shí)并不錯(cuò)，只是因?yàn)楸菹绿e我，光臨寒舍，才使它顯得小了?！?div style="height:15px;">
