編者按
無(wú)論是初中還是高中掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是十分重要的,特別是高中,很多同學(xué)在高一的時(shí)候就明顯感覺(jué)自己的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)下降了。初中不懂語(yǔ)法,憑借背單詞和短語(yǔ)就能取得不錯(cuò)的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)。那么在高中除了更加強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀能力,還有就是必須語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)。這樣我們才能在高中取得優(yōu)異的英語(yǔ)成績(jī),那么首先我們必須要明白的就是英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子種類
1.按句子的用途可分四種:
(1)陳述句(肯定、否定):She didn’t hear of you before.
(2)疑問(wèn)句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Mary can swim, can’t she?
(3)祈使句: Don’t talk in class
(4)感嘆句:How clever the boy is!
2. 按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
(1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
(2)并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。(兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)謂語(yǔ))
You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
(3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。(兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)謂語(yǔ))
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu):We work.
2. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):Henry bought a dictionary.
3. 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu):My father bought me a car.
這種句型還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型:
(1)動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+for sb.
(2)動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+to sb.
4. 主謂賓+賓補(bǔ):Tom made the baby laugh.
5. 主系表:He is a student. (考題中主要考后面加形容詞的形式)
系動(dòng)詞的分類:be動(dòng)詞:am,is,are,was,were
感官動(dòng)詞:feel,taste,smell,sound
變化類:become,turn,get
保持類:keep,remain,stay
其他各種句子都可由這幾種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)在考試中的應(yīng)用
語(yǔ)法填空
1:(2018年全國(guó)二卷)When we got a call 1 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 2 joke.
2:(2019年全國(guó)二卷) I work not because Ihave to, 3 because I want to.
改錯(cuò)題
1:(2019年全國(guó)二卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
2: (2019年全國(guó)三卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案
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